The document summarizes key aspects of the circulatory system, including blood and its components. It discusses how blood transports substances around the body using blood and lymph as transport fluids. It also describes the components of blood like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Furthermore, it outlines the structure and function of the heart and how blood is circulated from the heart to the lungs and throughout the body in two circuits.

1. BIOLOGY 11
BODY FLUIDS
AND
CIRCULATION

3. Complex organisms use special fluids within
their bodies to transport such materials. Blood
is the most commonly used body fluid by most
of the higher organisms including humans for
this purpose. Another body fluid, lymph, also
helps in the transport of certain substances.

4. We have both of these

5. Components of Blood

6. What
makes our
blood red?

7. Red Blood Cell (Erythrocytes)

9. Human RBCs’ structure under the microscope

10. White Blood Cell (Leukocytes)
Lacks hemoglobin,
has a nucleus,
capable of motility,
and defends the
body against
infection and
disease. Produced
from bone marrow

11. The
classification
of white
blood cell

12. Function of
each white
blood cell

14. Platelets
Platelets, or thrombocytes, are
small, colorless cell fragments
in our blood that form clots and
stop or prevent bleeding.
Platelets are made in our bone
marrow, the sponge-like tissue
inside our bones. It has no
nucleus and granules.

15. When you fell or got
injured, and your
body's part was
bleeding, how did
the blood stop and
how the wound
healed?

18. Does the blood of
all living things
have a red color?

19. Horseshoe crabs
These arthropods' blood
uses a different protein,
called hemocyanin, to bind
oxygen. Because that
binding process involves an
atom of copper, rather than
iron, the blood has a blue
appearance when it's
oxygenated, and little or no
color when it's not.
Reading source:
https://www.vox.com/xpress/2014/10/31/7133779/blood-
blue-green-purple

21. Our
Blood
Vessel

23. The Heart

24. Protected by a double walled
membranous bag, pericardium,
enclosing the pericardial fluid. Our
heart has four chambers, two
relatively small upper chambers
called atria and two larger lower
chambers called ventricles.
The entire heart is made of cardiac
muscles. The walls of ventricles
are much thicker than that of the
atria.

25. A series of four valves open and close to allow
blood to move through the heart.
● The tricuspid valve that controls blood
flow from the right atrium to the right
ventricle.
● The pulmonary valve that regulates
blood flow from the right ventricle to the
pulmonary arteries.
● The mitral valve that opens to allow
blood to move from the left atrium to
the left ventricle.
● The aortic valve that allows
oxygen-rich blood to move from the left
ventricle to the aorta, the body’s largest
artery.

26. Right
Atrium
receives blood from the
veins that has already
circulated through the
body and pumps it over
to the right ventricle.
Right
Ventricle
passes the blood on to
the pulmonary artery,
which sends it to the
lungs to pick up
oxygen.
Left
Atrium
Left
Ventricle
pumps the oxygen-rich
blood to the body
through a large network
of arteries.
receives the now
oxygen-rich blood from
the lungs and pumps it
into the left ventricle

27. The
Circulatory
Path

28. Mechanism of Human
Circulatory
Pulmonary Circuit
The heart - Lungs - The Heart
Systemic Circuit
The heart - All body - The Heart

29. Blood
Groups

30. Blood Group System
Major Systems
ABO
Rhesus System (Rh)
Minor Systems
MN
P
Kell, Kidd… etc

31. ABO Group Based on the presence or
absence of two surface
antigens (chemicals that
can induce immune
response) on the RBCs
namely A and B. Similarly,
the plasma of different
individuals contain two
natural antibodies (proteins
produced in response to
antigens).
The distribution of
antigens and antibodies in
the four groups of blood, A,
B, AB and O

32. Discovery of ABO grouping
First to discover blood types (1900)
Observed blood transfusions: the
transfer of blood from one to
another.
Noticed that the blood of the donor
would clump/clot with that of the
patient (Agglutination)
Dr. Karl Landsteiner

33. ABO Test

35. Bloods Transfusion
The person who gives blood is
called the donor
The person who receives the
blood is called the recipient
When a blood transfusion is given, the
blood plasma from the donor is diluted by
the recipient's blood plasma so that the
donor's antibodies cannot cause
agglutination.

36. Type O is called
universal donor
Type AB blood is
called universal
recipient

38. Rh System
The Rh antigen similar to one present in Rhesus monkeys (hence Rh), is also observed on
the surface of RBCs of majority (nearly 80 per cent) of humans. Such individuals are called
Rh positive (Rh+ve) and those in whom this antigen is absent are called Rh negative
(Rh-ve). An Rh-ve person, if exposed to Rh+ve blood, will form specific antibodies against
the Rh antigens. Therefore, Rh group should also be matched before transfusions

39. Erythroblastosis fetalis.

40. Blood
Pressure

43. Disease
of
Circulatory

45. LEUKEMIA

47. Technology
for
circulatory
system

48. Echocardiography
(ECG)
An echocardiogram checks how
your heart's chambers and
valves are pumping blood
through your heart. An
echocardiogram uses electrodes
to check your heart rhythm and
ultrasound technology to see how
blood moves through your heart

49. Pacemaker
A pacemaker is a small device that's
placed (implanted) in the chest to
help control the heartbeat. It's used to
prevent the heart from beating too
slowly. Implanting a pacemaker in the
chest requires a surgical procedure. A
pacemaker is also called a cardiac
pacing device.

50. Thank You