'The role of insurance and reinsurance in disaster risk management'UNDP Climate
Presented by David Simmons, Managing Director: Capital, Science and Policy Practice Willis Towers Watson at the Pacific Regional Dialogue on Financial Management of Climate Risk
(26-28 June 2017, Apia)
MODULE 1:
Definition of Risk and uncertainty- Classification of Risk, Sources of Risk-external and internal. Risk Management-nature, risk analysis, planning, control and transfer of risk, Administration of properties of an enterprise, provision of adequate security arrangements. Interface between Risk and Insurance- Risk identification, evaluation and management techniques, Risk avoidance, Retention and transfer, Selecti9on and implementation of Techniques. Various terminology, perils, clauses and risk covers.
'The role of insurance and reinsurance in disaster risk management'UNDP Climate
Presented by David Simmons, Managing Director: Capital, Science and Policy Practice Willis Towers Watson at the Pacific Regional Dialogue on Financial Management of Climate Risk
(26-28 June 2017, Apia)
MODULE 1:
Definition of Risk and uncertainty- Classification of Risk, Sources of Risk-external and internal. Risk Management-nature, risk analysis, planning, control and transfer of risk, Administration of properties of an enterprise, provision of adequate security arrangements. Interface between Risk and Insurance- Risk identification, evaluation and management techniques, Risk avoidance, Retention and transfer, Selecti9on and implementation of Techniques. Various terminology, perils, clauses and risk covers.
Our presentation from 44con Cyber Security on April 28th 2015 discussing how we use public cyber data and some of the problems we have run into.
Jointly presented with Ernest Li.
Presentation on managing climate risk through ecosystem-based adaptation – linking urban and rural development planning by Karsten Loeffler (Allianz Climate Solutions)
Com Score Webinar Getting Beyond Big In Online Videobmohri
This is a very good study to demonstrate how brands that have saturated reach objectives can use online video to increase affinity and brand effectiveness.
The most logical & ethical alternative smoking device to reach the market. A tobacco free smoke that simulates the same smoking experience as a normal cigarette.
www.whosmokes.co.uk
We need to remember that case study and live examples of efficient homes are still very much early days. There is not one model fits all in this case as each climate zone changes and varying orientation needs to be considered. However there are products that can reduce the standard running costs of a home, in very simple and affordable manner.
Why researchers collaborate with technology companies - a behavioral data exa...Daan Versteeg
Behavioral is increasingly in demand. But why? What is it exactly? And how does this add value to your research?
Wakoopa gets you behind the screens. In this presentation we provide you with detailed insights on why you need behavioral data in your research design. We aim to inspire you with examples of how behavioral data has been used to improve research designs. And we give you a detailed example of how behavioral data can drive consumer journey research designs. Enjoy the view!
Founded in 2007 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Wakoopa has become the world’s leading supplier of passive metering technology on three screens (pc, tablet, smartphone).
Wakoopa unlocks high quality behavioral data. We empower the consumer insights industry with the best tracking technology and the most powerful data distribution models. And we offer consumers the best user experience.
Researchers can track and analyze the digital footprint of consumers across three devices. We help our customers create user centric, single source, behavioral datasets. The captured data includes all the websites, search terms, advertising (pc) and apps (mobile) consumers interact with. Wakoopa powered behavioral data fuels innovative research designs in over 20 markets globally. Use cases include consumer journeys, segmentation and audience measurement.
Our presentation from 44con Cyber Security on April 28th 2015 discussing how we use public cyber data and some of the problems we have run into.
Jointly presented with Ernest Li.
Presentation on managing climate risk through ecosystem-based adaptation – linking urban and rural development planning by Karsten Loeffler (Allianz Climate Solutions)
Com Score Webinar Getting Beyond Big In Online Videobmohri
This is a very good study to demonstrate how brands that have saturated reach objectives can use online video to increase affinity and brand effectiveness.
The most logical & ethical alternative smoking device to reach the market. A tobacco free smoke that simulates the same smoking experience as a normal cigarette.
www.whosmokes.co.uk
We need to remember that case study and live examples of efficient homes are still very much early days. There is not one model fits all in this case as each climate zone changes and varying orientation needs to be considered. However there are products that can reduce the standard running costs of a home, in very simple and affordable manner.
Why researchers collaborate with technology companies - a behavioral data exa...Daan Versteeg
Behavioral is increasingly in demand. But why? What is it exactly? And how does this add value to your research?
Wakoopa gets you behind the screens. In this presentation we provide you with detailed insights on why you need behavioral data in your research design. We aim to inspire you with examples of how behavioral data has been used to improve research designs. And we give you a detailed example of how behavioral data can drive consumer journey research designs. Enjoy the view!
Founded in 2007 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Wakoopa has become the world’s leading supplier of passive metering technology on three screens (pc, tablet, smartphone).
Wakoopa unlocks high quality behavioral data. We empower the consumer insights industry with the best tracking technology and the most powerful data distribution models. And we offer consumers the best user experience.
Researchers can track and analyze the digital footprint of consumers across three devices. We help our customers create user centric, single source, behavioral datasets. The captured data includes all the websites, search terms, advertising (pc) and apps (mobile) consumers interact with. Wakoopa powered behavioral data fuels innovative research designs in over 20 markets globally. Use cases include consumer journeys, segmentation and audience measurement.
A site administrator who has access to the Moodle code can easily install a new theme Moodle theme. Once installed, the theme will be available via the appropriate site, category, course or activity menu.
Biznesa infrastruktūras un datu drošības juridiskie aspektiebuc
Biznesa infrastruktūras un datu drošības juridiskie aspekti. Carlos Trigoso, EY Eiropas, Vidējo Austrumu, Indijas un Āfrikas reģiona vadības konsultāciju centra Informācijas drošības virziena vecākais projektu vadītājs.
Rob Livingstone Advisory - The risks of a fractured cloud strategy within th...Livingstone Advisory
This Keynote presentation was delivered by Rob Livingstone at the Inaugural Cloud Security Alliance NSW Chapter meeting. The primary focus of my presentation was to take a business / non-IT Executive's position on the whole topic. If anyone would like more information on my other presentations, please visit http://www.navigatingthroughthecloud.com/
EU/US boards’ approach to cyber risk governance - webinar presentationFERMA
The 4th webinar is being hosted by the European Confederation of Directors' Associations (ecoDa), AIG, and the Federation of European Risk Managers' Associations (FERMA) and in close cooperation with the Internet Security Alliance (ISA).
it includes a Risk Manager’s’ perspective about the necessity to provide organisations with decision-support tools for mitigation and recommendations for risk transfer.
Risk assessments and applying organisational controls for GDPR complianceIT Governance Ltd
This webinar covers:
-An overview of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and risk assessments.
-The process for risk management and industry best practice for risk treatment.
-The components of an internal control system and privacy -compliance framework.
-ISO 31000 principles and the risk management process.
You can find the webinar here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wInMDee7T78&t=154s
2015 security trends so far. Information Security is undergoing huge growth and changes. The general public is now more than ever painfully aware of IT Security. Technology is changing at an accelerated rate, threats are evolving almost at the same pace.
As the confluence of several mature and emerging technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly developing into a vibrant new marketplace. What are important considerations for technology, media, and telecom (TMT) companies as they compete for opportunities? This presentation covers:
• Questions TMT executives should be asking about impacts of IoT technologies, performance improvement opportunities, and where value can be generated.
• Building an IoT ecosystem where all players benefit – defining different players' roles and relationships, and already-successful tactics.
• Security and privacy challenges, including how data protection responsibility is assigned and monitored, and defining appropriate security and privacy standards.
Explore this quickly developing new opportunity for TMT companies.
Get more IoT insights: http://www.deloitte.com/us/iot_ecosystem
Are you controlling information disclosure? Exploring the causes, costs, and remedies for a data breach.
This webinar will explore the causes and costs of data breaches, as well as ways to prevent and mitigate the impact that results from the inadvertent exposure of sensitive data.
Attacks from the inside and outside of the network will be discussed, along with the various aspects of a data breach, including the types of data at risk and the variety of costs and impacts that an organization might incur.
We will discuss a number of high profile breaches, including TJX, Heartland Payment Systems, Sony, and others. Costs from various industry reports will be presented, together with original statistical analyses from Risk Centric Security. The webinar will conclude with a discussion of cutting edge types of safeguards and controls, including integrated encryption-based rights management, egress filtering and control, and advanced malware detection and auto-remediation.
The demand for insurance against cyber attacks is rapidly increasing and insurance companies are entering the field as actors in the incident response food chain. Businesses that want to use cyber insurance as a risk management strategy need to understand the risk they are facing, and how cyber insurance can reduce this risk. This implies a need to understand and evaluate cyber insurance policies. Insurance companies, on the other hand, need to be able to differentiate between potential clients based on the risk they are facing, so as to reduce the risk of adverse selection. They also need to understand the needs of the various market segments, in order to offer cyber insurance products that are relevant.
Presentation by Marie Moe and Eireann Leverett at the 28th Annual FIRST Conference in Seoul, June 14th, 2016.
130C h a p t e r10 Managing IT-Based Risk11 This c.docxLyndonPelletier761
130
C h a p t e r
10 Managing IT-Based Risk1
1 This chapter is based on the authors’ previously published article, Smith, H. A., and J. D. McKeen. “A Holistic
Approach to Managing IT-Based Risk.” Communications of the Association for Information Systems 25, no. 41
(December 2009): 519–30. Reproduced by permission of the Association for Information Systems.
Not so long ago, IT-based risk was a fairly low-key activity focused on whether IT could deliver projects successfully and keep its applications up and run-ning (McKeen and Smith 2003). But with the opening up of the organization’s
boundaries to external partners and service providers, external electronic communica-
tions, and online services, managing IT-based risk has morphed into a “bet the com-
pany” proposition. Not only is the scope of the job bigger, but also the stakes are much
higher. As companies have become more dependent on IT for everything they do, the
costs of service disruption have escalated exponentially. Now, when a system goes
down, the company effectively stops working and customers cannot be served. And
criminals routinely seek ways to wreak havoc with company data, applications, and
Web sites. New regulations to protect privacy and increase accountability have also
made executives much more sensitive to the consequences of inadequate IT security
practices—either internally or from service providers. In addition, the risk of losing or
compromising company information has risen steeply. No longer are a company’s files
locked down and accessible only by company staff. Today, company information can be
exposed to the public in literally hundreds of ways. Our increasing mobility, the porta-
bility of storage devices, and the growing sophistication of cyber threats are just a few
of the more noteworthy means.
Therefore, the job of managing IT-based risk has become much broader and more
complex, and it is now widely recognized as an integral part of any technology-based
work—no matter how minor. As a result, many IT organizations have been given the
responsibility of not only managing risk in their own activities (i.e., project develop-
ment, operations, and delivering business strategy) but also of managing IT-based risk
in all company activities (e.g., mobile computing, file sharing, and online access to infor-
mation and software). Whereas in the past companies have sought to achieve security
Chapter 10 • Managing IT-Based Risk 131
through physical or technological means (e.g., locked rooms, virus scanners), under-
standing is now growing that managing IT-based risk must be a strategic and holistic
activity that is not just the responsibility of a small group of IT specialists but also part
of the mind-set that extends from partners and suppliers to employees and customers.
This chapter explores how organizations are addressing and coping with increas-
ing IT-based risk. It first looks at the challenges facing IT managers in the arena of.
130C h a p t e r10 Managing IT-Based Risk11 This c.docxherminaprocter
130
C h a p t e r
10 Managing IT-Based Risk1
1 This chapter is based on the authors’ previously published article, Smith, H. A., and J. D. McKeen. “A Holistic
Approach to Managing IT-Based Risk.” Communications of the Association for Information Systems 25, no. 41
(December 2009): 519–30. Reproduced by permission of the Association for Information Systems.
Not so long ago, IT-based risk was a fairly low-key activity focused on whether IT could deliver projects successfully and keep its applications up and run-ning (McKeen and Smith 2003). But with the opening up of the organization’s
boundaries to external partners and service providers, external electronic communica-
tions, and online services, managing IT-based risk has morphed into a “bet the com-
pany” proposition. Not only is the scope of the job bigger, but also the stakes are much
higher. As companies have become more dependent on IT for everything they do, the
costs of service disruption have escalated exponentially. Now, when a system goes
down, the company effectively stops working and customers cannot be served. And
criminals routinely seek ways to wreak havoc with company data, applications, and
Web sites. New regulations to protect privacy and increase accountability have also
made executives much more sensitive to the consequences of inadequate IT security
practices—either internally or from service providers. In addition, the risk of losing or
compromising company information has risen steeply. No longer are a company’s files
locked down and accessible only by company staff. Today, company information can be
exposed to the public in literally hundreds of ways. Our increasing mobility, the porta-
bility of storage devices, and the growing sophistication of cyber threats are just a few
of the more noteworthy means.
Therefore, the job of managing IT-based risk has become much broader and more
complex, and it is now widely recognized as an integral part of any technology-based
work—no matter how minor. As a result, many IT organizations have been given the
responsibility of not only managing risk in their own activities (i.e., project develop-
ment, operations, and delivering business strategy) but also of managing IT-based risk
in all company activities (e.g., mobile computing, file sharing, and online access to infor-
mation and software). Whereas in the past companies have sought to achieve security
Chapter 10 • Managing IT-Based Risk 131
through physical or technological means (e.g., locked rooms, virus scanners), under-
standing is now growing that managing IT-based risk must be a strategic and holistic
activity that is not just the responsibility of a small group of IT specialists but also part
of the mind-set that extends from partners and suppliers to employees and customers.
This chapter explores how organizations are addressing and coping with increas-
ing IT-based risk. It first looks at the challenges facing IT managers in the arena of.
Building Risk Management into Enterprise Architectureiasaglobal
By Bill Estrem, MN Chapter Conference 11/15/2013 Get Lucky: Building Risk Management into Enterprise Architecture This presentation will examine how enterprise architects can apply risk management capabilities to the development and operation of an enterprise architecture. The approach incorporates the TOGAF 9 Risk Management framework along with other risk management methods. In particular, the approach will focus on the The Open Group Risk Management Taxonomy and Risk Assessment standard. Bill Estrem - President of Metaplexity Associates LLC
The world of computing is moving to the cloud —shared infrastructure, shared systems, instant provisioning, and pay-as-you-go services. And users can enjoy anytime, anywhere access to services and their data, on any device. But are we secure within the new cloud environments? Are information assets adequately protected as they move around in the cloud? The answer to both is yes— as long as your underlying security architecture has been designed for the cloud. In this session, Rob Livingstone will examine key security considerations surrounding the convergence of hybrid clouds, mobile devices and BYOD, and provide practical guidance on how to identify, mitigate and the key technical and systemic risks in your Cloud journey.
Advanced Cybersecurity Risk Management: How to successfully address your Cybe...PECB
Main points covered:
• Understanding the inverted economics of cyber security, the incentives for cyber crime and its effect on the growing threat
• Inefficiencies with the traditional approaches to cyber risk assessment and why we are not making more progress in enhancing cyber defenses
• Resetting roles and responsibilities regarding cyber security within organizations
• Developing empirical, cost-effective cyber risk assessments to meet the evolving threat
Our presenter for this webinar is Larry Clinton, the president of the Internet Security Alliance (ISA), a multi-sector association focused on Cybersecurity thought leadership, policy advocacy, and best practices. Mr. Clinton advises both industry and governments around the world. He has twice been listed on the Corporate 100 list of the most influential people in corporate governance. He is the author of The Cyber Risk Handbook for Corporate Boards. PWC has found the use of this Handbook improves cyber budgeting, cyber risk management and helps create a culture of security. The Handbook has been published in the US, Germany, the UK and Latin America. He is currently working on a version for the European Conference of Directors Associations as well as versions for Japan and India. Mr. Clinton also leads ISA, public policy work built around their publication “The Cyber Security Social Contract” which the NATO Center of Cyber Excellence in Estonia asked for a briefing on.
Recorded Webinar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qVtoqi37X8
Current enterprise information security measures continue to fail us. Why is ...Livingstone Advisory
Conventional information security measures continue to fail our businesses in today’s rapidly changing world of cyber-risk. Adverse cyber-events manifest themselves as the usual suspects including data breaches, information theft, ransom- and malware, viruses, payment card fraud, DDOS attacks or physical loss – to name but a few.
Problem is, the tally of adverse events keeps mounting up. While headline adverse cyber incidents are now reported in the media with regularity, this represents the tip of the cyber-risk iceberg. Most known events are either unreported or hidden from public disclosure. Not helping, is the industry analysis suggesting that, on average, nearly half of all adverse cyber-risk events impacting organisations are self-inflicted and avoidable. No industry is untouched.
Delivered at the CIO Summit in Melbourne, Australia in November 2016, in this presentation, Rob offers valuable strategic insights into the problem and why it continues to be a problem.
He outlines some practical steps that will be helpful for CIOs and CISOs in reshaping their own organisation’s approach in building a more effective and resilient information security capability.
Similar to Cian Blackwell - Risk management and mitigation 2011 (20)
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience 🎥
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales 💲
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. 📊
At Techbox Square, in Singapore, we're not just creative web designers and developers, we're the driving force behind your brand identity. Contact us today.
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
Editable Toolkit to help you reuse our content: 700 Powerpoint slides | 35 Excel sheets | 84 minutes of Video training
This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com
An introduction to the cryptocurrency investment platform Binance Savings.Any kyc Account
Learn how to use Binance Savings to expand your bitcoin holdings. Discover how to maximize your earnings on one of the most reliable cryptocurrency exchange platforms, as well as how to earn interest on your cryptocurrency holdings and the various savings choices available.
Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
FIA officials brutally tortured innocent and snatched 200 Bitcoins of worth 4...jamalseoexpert1978
Farman Ayaz Khattak and Ehtesham Matloob are government officials in CTW Counter terrorism wing Islamabad, in Federal Investigation Agency FIA Headquarters. CTW and FIA kidnapped crypto currency owner from Islamabad and snatched 200 Bitcoins those worth of 4 billion rupees in Pakistan currency. There is not Cryptocurrency Regulations in Pakistan & CTW is official dacoit and stealing digital assets from the innocent crypto holders and making fake cases of terrorism to keep them silent.
Building Your Employer Brand with Social MediaLuanWise
Presented at The Global HR Summit, 6th June 2024
In this keynote, Luan Wise will provide invaluable insights to elevate your employer brand on social media platforms including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok. You'll learn how compelling content can authentically showcase your company culture, values, and employee experiences to support your talent acquisition and retention objectives. Additionally, you'll understand the power of employee advocacy to amplify reach and engagement – helping to position your organization as an employer of choice in today's competitive talent landscape.
In general, the agenda for the presentation is to dispel some of the myths associated with cloud computing hype. The presentation will cover how the risks of cloud computing are not as obvious as they seem—some risks get too much attention, some don't get enough—and will also cover some of the risks that can be mitigated by a move to cloud computing. Finally, we will cover some of the approaches to mitigating risk, including the risk management model, and certification.
Cloud computing has attracted a considerable amount of hype recently, and continues to do so. The Gartner Hype Cycle from 2010 shows "Cloud Computing" just beyond the "Peak of Inflated Expectations." Although positive hype is nothing unusual for new technologies, negative hype—specifically about the risks of cloud computing—is potentially more damaging and needs to be addressed.
Coverage in February 2010 of a Department of Finance memo warning public sector bodies not to purchase cloud computing services. Whilst this was really just good advice—don't embark on something new unless you have dealt with the issues—much of the coverage interpreted it as a dire warning of the risks of cloud computing.
Science fiction author Theodore Sturgeon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon) originated what has since become known (in science fiction circles at least) as Sturgeon's Law. He found he was frequently defending the genre from people citing examples of trashy pulp sci-fi as "evidence" that 90% of science fiction—and thus the genre itself—was rubbish. He argued that, in his own words: of course 90% of science fiction is "crud" — "90% of everything is crud". His point of course was that just because science fiction is an easily identifiable genre of fiction, it's easy to 'tar it all with the same brush'. Likewise for cloud computing—an easily identifiable genre of technology—just because much of it is risky doesn't mean it should all be dismissed. There is nothing inherently risky about outsourcing critical processes—finance departments have been doing it for years, for example to shared service centres within or outside their own company. Just because the risks related to cloud computing are different to what we may be used to, does not mean that they are worse .
We need to be aware of the appropriate perspective from which to view our risks—as a general rule, one person's risk is another person's opportunity. It's easy to work out the major risk from the cloud service provider's perspective—it's the commercial risk of not enough customers paying enough for your cloud services. We can take that for granted, and look at it from the customer's perspective, where in general terms, a risk is not just some theoretical "adverse event" but, in very real terms, anything that can adversely affect the achievement of the customer's business goals. Obviously the service provider needs to focus on the customer's perception of risk.
This is an example of what I call a "red herring" risk. Data protection is seen as being much riskier when you move beyond the perceived safety of the relatively strong legislative framework in the EU. Although it is indeed true that the EU (and a small number of other jurisdictions) have stronger data protection legislation than most of the rest of the world, the protection provided by legislation is largely illusory. Mitigating data protection risk is almost entirely a behavioural issue, with behavioural solutions (policies, procedures, training, communication, restricting potentially risky practices, etc). There are huge data protection issues in any jurisdiction, regardless of how good the legislation is.
The above are a number of examples of risks that increase when you move to a cloud environment. Most are self-explanatory; a few need more explanation. Contingency bandwidth is not the same as peak bandwidth—it means the bandwidth required in exceptional circumstances, such as re-uploading a month's worth of transactions to resolve a database corruption issue, or restoring your data from the cloud archiving solution you use. The migration point relates to the safeguards that should be in place if you decide to terminate your contract with a cloud service provider—do they make it easy to get the data back out again? As easy as it was when you were signing up? Forensic issues relate to whether you have sufficient access to the cloud systems in the event that you need to perform a forensic investigation. Regarding general security issues—the use of security testing (e.g. penetration tests) is a common control, but cloud service providers may be very reluctant to allow customers to attempt to hack their systems, requiring a rethink and a different approach. Unfortunately, not all of the above get the attention they deserve.
The often overlooked point is that there are some risks that are greater when you stick with a non-cloud "solution." Having your infrastructure and apps in-house, managed by your own team that only deals with your company means that you don't have the levels of objectivity, economies of scale and contractual guarantees that you should (although may not always) have with a cloud service provider.
There is no "one-size-fits-all" solution to managing risk—it all depends on your organisation. However, the approach to identifying, managing and mitigating risks should be consistent across an organisation. "Cloud risks" don't deserve special treatment; nor do "IT risks". A "risk" is either a risk to the achievement of the organisation's strategic objectives, or it isn't. The response should be commensurate with the magnitude of the risk, i.e. impact x likelihood.
This is the overall risk management cycle consists of three major steps: Risks are identified Controls are put in place to mitigate the risks Auditing (internal, external, compliance reviews, security reviews, etc) provides assurance that controls are working and risks are being mitigated It's important to note that there must be a correlation between controls and risk . It doesn't have to be a 1:1 correlation—you can have a single control that mitigates multiple risks, or a single risk that requires multiple controls to mitigate it effectively. The crucial points are that: Every risk must have control(s) that mitigate it effectively Every control must be there to mitigate specific risk(s)—otherwise it's a waste of resources