CIA = Confidentiality of information, Integrity of information, Avai.pdf
•
0 likes•5 views
CIA = Confidentiality of information, Integrity of information, Availability of information. This model is designed to guide policies for information security in organization.Each field is seperately identified and respective protective measures are listed.Any breach in anyof the three fields will cause serious consequences to the parties involved. Confidentiality: Confidentiality can be called privacy.In todays world everyone has sensitive information which can be a problem if fell into wrong hands. Only the authorized person must be able to view the data while restricting the third parties to share the information.It is not much difficult to acheive this but one problem is to be considered. If we allow tough measures the original trusted user might face difficulties to view his information. so the rules should be friendly for the approriate verified user as well. Cryptography and Encryption methods are an example of an attempt to ensure confidentiality of data trasferred from one computer to another. Nowadays passwords and 2 factor authentication is being used. But addition to that there are biometric verifications,storing on truecrypt volumes,honey pots to divert intrusion attacks,security tokens,soft tokens,SSL/TLS ( for safe commuication across network),etc Integrity:. Integrity involves maintaining consistency,accuracy,trustworthiness of data over its entire life cycle. Information is only worth if its true and there are many attackers in the net who change the details of a secured file so that it looses its value. measures which can develop integrity are using file permissions and user access controls,digitally signing the data, hashing the data and sending it to the receiver to compare it with the received information using cryptography,using checksums or crptographic checksums. There should also be a facility to repair the damaged information by using strong and secure backup mechanism. Availability: This ensures that the user can get his/her information whenever he needs it. The main aim of security is to safeguared the authorized user\'s data and ensure that he gets his data at all times is crucial. some attacks mainly focusses on denying the user his access.this type of attacks are DDOS attacks.Some parties might try to block some company\'s resources to the users so that they can have more sales.Not only attackers natural disasters also might cause losing the data and denying the user his right to get his data when needed. The best solution is using offsite backups and ensuring the downtime to retreive is less.firewalls and proxies can help the tackling of dos attacks (denial of service attacks), allowing redundency for high important information can also help. Solution CIA = Confidentiality of information, Integrity of information, Availability of information. This model is designed to guide policies for information security in organization.Each field is seperately identified and respective protective measures are listed.Any bre.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Cybersecurity Interview Questions and Answers.pdf
Cyber security professionals are in high demand, and those willing to learn new skills to enter the area will have plenty of opportunities. Our goal is to present you with the most comprehensive selection of cybersecurity interview questions available.
IT.pptx
Detailed IT presentaion on Cloud Computing , Information Security, Cyber Atacks and Computer Graphics
The CIA Triad - Assurance on Information Security
Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability of Data are the basis for providing assurance on IS Security. This document gives a small overview of the impact of confidentiality, integrity and availability on the data and the need of securing the CIA.
Top Cyber Security Interview Questions and Answers 2022.pdf
Cyber security positions have considerably taken the top list in the job market. Candidates vying for elite positions in the field of cyber security certainly need a clear-cut and detailed guide to channeling their preparation for smooth career growth, beginning with getting a job. We have curated the top cyber security interview questions that will help candidates focus on the key areas. We have classified the regularly asked cyber security interview questions here, in this article into different levels starting from basic general questions to advanced technical ones.
Before we move on to the top cyber security interview questions, it is critical to reflect on the vitality of cyber security in our modern times and how cyber security professionals are catering to the needs of securing a safe cyber ecosystem.
The times we live in is defined by the digital transition, in which the internet, electronic devices, and computers have become an integral part of our daily life. Institutions that serve our daily needs, such as banks and hospitals, now rely on internet-connected equipment to give the best possible service. A portion of their data, such as financial and personal information, has become vulnerable to illegal access, posing serious risks. Intruders utilize this information to carry out immoral and criminal goals.
Cyber-attacks have jeopardized the computer system and its arrangements, which has now become a global concern. To safeguard data from security breaches, a comprehensive cyber security policy is needed now more than ever. The rising frequency of cyber-attacks has compelled corporations and organizations working with national security and sensitive data to implement stringent security procedures and restrictions.
Computers, mobile devices, servers, data, electronic systems, networks, and other systems connected to the internet must be protected from harmful attacks. Cybersecurity, which is a combination of the words "cyber" and "security," provides this protection. 'Cyber' imbibes the vast-ranging technology with systems, networks, programs, and data in the aforementioned procedure. The phrase "security" refers to the process of protecting data, networks, applications, and systems. In a nutshell,
cyber security is a combination of principles and approaches that assist prevent unwanted access to data, networks, programs, and devices by meeting the security needs of technological resources (computer-based) and online databases.
Recommended
Cybersecurity Interview Questions and Answers.pdf
Cyber security professionals are in high demand, and those willing to learn new skills to enter the area will have plenty of opportunities. Our goal is to present you with the most comprehensive selection of cybersecurity interview questions available.
IT.pptx
Detailed IT presentaion on Cloud Computing , Information Security, Cyber Atacks and Computer Graphics
The CIA Triad - Assurance on Information Security
Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability of Data are the basis for providing assurance on IS Security. This document gives a small overview of the impact of confidentiality, integrity and availability on the data and the need of securing the CIA.
Top Cyber Security Interview Questions and Answers 2022.pdf
Cyber security positions have considerably taken the top list in the job market. Candidates vying for elite positions in the field of cyber security certainly need a clear-cut and detailed guide to channeling their preparation for smooth career growth, beginning with getting a job. We have curated the top cyber security interview questions that will help candidates focus on the key areas. We have classified the regularly asked cyber security interview questions here, in this article into different levels starting from basic general questions to advanced technical ones.
Before we move on to the top cyber security interview questions, it is critical to reflect on the vitality of cyber security in our modern times and how cyber security professionals are catering to the needs of securing a safe cyber ecosystem.
The times we live in is defined by the digital transition, in which the internet, electronic devices, and computers have become an integral part of our daily life. Institutions that serve our daily needs, such as banks and hospitals, now rely on internet-connected equipment to give the best possible service. A portion of their data, such as financial and personal information, has become vulnerable to illegal access, posing serious risks. Intruders utilize this information to carry out immoral and criminal goals.
Cyber-attacks have jeopardized the computer system and its arrangements, which has now become a global concern. To safeguard data from security breaches, a comprehensive cyber security policy is needed now more than ever. The rising frequency of cyber-attacks has compelled corporations and organizations working with national security and sensitive data to implement stringent security procedures and restrictions.
Computers, mobile devices, servers, data, electronic systems, networks, and other systems connected to the internet must be protected from harmful attacks. Cybersecurity, which is a combination of the words "cyber" and "security," provides this protection. 'Cyber' imbibes the vast-ranging technology with systems, networks, programs, and data in the aforementioned procedure. The phrase "security" refers to the process of protecting data, networks, applications, and systems. In a nutshell,
cyber security is a combination of principles and approaches that assist prevent unwanted access to data, networks, programs, and devices by meeting the security needs of technological resources (computer-based) and online databases.
Why Data-Centric Security Needs to be a Top Priority for Enterprises.pdf
In today’s business world, data is one of the most valuable assets that any company can own. As a result, a significant amount of effort and money is spent ensuring that the most effective data security procedures are in place to safeguard it. However, with so many choices, deciding which path to choose is getting increasingly difficult.
CYBER SECURITY WHAT IS IT AND WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW.pdf
Cyber Security is a protection offered to an automated information system in order to attain the applicable objectives of preserving the integrity, availability and confidentiality of information system resources (includes hardware, software, firmware, information/data, and telecommunications). To read more visit: https://www.rangtech.com/blog/cybersecurity/cyber-security-what-is-it-and-what-you-need-to-know
Data security
In this presentation we have covered the topic Data Security from the subject of Information Security. Where Data, Data Security, Security, Security Policy, Tools to secure data, Security Overview (Availability, Integrity, Authenticity, Confidentiality), Some myths and Dimensions of System Security and Security Issues are discussed.
Data security to protect pci data flow ulf mattsson - insecure-mag-40
There are innumerable ways that data thieves can attack and penetrate your network. As the saying goes - it’s not if your systems will be breached, but when. Every organization, especially those that handle PCI data, should operate under the assumption that sooner or later, they will be breached.
The new best practices to protect sensitive data and the data flow throughout the enterprise are designed with this assumption in mind. They are about reducing risk of data loss, and responding quickly to attacks when they occur.
First, minimize the amount of sensitive data you collect and store. Some elements, such
as PIN numbers and CVV/CVC codes, are prohibited from being stored, but in general, if you’re not using certain data but you store it anyways, you’re only increasing risk with no returns. If you are using it, or planning to, minimize the number of systems that store or process sensitive data. This will make it easier to protect it, as you will have less to defend. The next step is to implement some sort of data security, as required by PCI DSS regulations. While access controls provide a basic level of protection, they do nothing to protect the data flow, and the PCI council has recognized a need to go beyond them. Data security is applied in one of two ways: coarse-grained security at the volume or file level; and fine-grained security at the column or field-level.
Introduction to security
This ppt contains information about definition of computer & information security, types of attacks, services, mechanisms, controls and model for network security
Running Head DATA BREACH .docx
Running Head: DATA BREACH 1
DATA BREACH 9
Data Breach Research Proposal
Introduction
In the present world, there has been a series of technological advancements especially in this era of digital migration where everybody is using technology. However, a lot of people do not realize that there are problems that arise as technological changes continue happening. One of the biggest challenge faced in the technological environment is data breaching. This refers to incidences where an individual’s private and confidential information is accessed by unauthorized individuals. Due to diverse lack of technological knowhow, a lot of people and organizations have become victims as occurrences of these data breaches rise each day. In the last two years at least 258,000 organizations has fallen as an estimate of about 3.9 million individuals from different parts of the world has been robbed as a result of data breaches (Ayyagari, 2012).
Clearly, the victim figure above emphasizes the need to come up with a solution to the data breaches more than ever before. The motivation behind carrying out the author’s my proposed research is the rapid changes in the world of technology thatwhich does not match the rate at which a big population adjusts along with the technological changes. This makes them vulnerable to more and more data breaches every day if something is not done. I believe that creating awareness concerning how to be data secure will greatly impact the world positively through reducing the data breaches occurrences.
In my research, I look forward to investigating a number of issues as far as data breaches are concerned. The issues include:
· Causes of data breaches.
· How the data breaches are done.
·
Solution
s to data breaches.
Importance of the proposed research.
With the continual technological advancements, I believe that if a large population of people as well as organizations that make use of technology to store their confidential data get to know all about these issues as well as how to combat data breaches, then the world would be a peaceful place to live in. it will also give room for further technological advancements as the more data secure people will be more willing to embrace the changes.
Literature review
“Meyer, C. H., & Matyas, S. M. (1982). CRYPTOGRAPHY: A new dimension in computer data security: A guide for the design and implementation of secure systems. Wiley.”Comment by Herbert Kemp: I assume the final lit review will be longer….
My theoretical framework
Causes of data breaches
One of the causes of data breaches is cyber-attacks. This has been the leading data security threat over the last two years. This refers to a situation whereby an individual- cybercriminal- accesses an organization’s data and uses it for malicious gains whether for fun, for financial gains or even for undercover activities such as spying.
Another cause of data br.
This is a three part question. For each part the answer requires ide.pdf
This is a three part question. For each part the answer requires identifying an asymmetric
encryption technique, hashing or both. As part of each question you need to discuss the
technique to demonstrate your understanding of how the functionality (confidentiality,
authenticity, integrity) is supported. You need to discuss the details of what the sender and
receiver do and the key usage if applicable.
What technique is used to exchange messages between two parties ensuring confidentiality?
Discuss.
What technique is used to exchange messages between two parties ensuring authenticity?
Discuss
c. What technique is used to exchange messages between two parties ensuring integrity? Discuss.
Solution
a.
Ensuring confidentiality, a very key component of protecting information confidentiality would
be Encryption. Encryption ensures that only the right person who knows the key can read the
information. Encryption is very widespread in today’s world while interacting with one another
through internet. It is the most effective way to achieve the data security. Secure Socket Layer
and Transport Layer Security are the security protocols for communication over internet.
Example: Internet Banking.
Other ways to make sure that the data remains confidential is to implement file permissions and
access control list to restrict access to sensitive information and design of file permissions and
access control lists must be kept as easy as possible for proper maintenance.
c.
Integrity means protecting information so that it cannot be customized by not permitted people.
Information is only as valuable as it is perfect. Similar to the data confidentiality, encryption
plays a prominent role in preserving data integrity. The data shared with another person within a
company or externally to a third party or creating an automatic system report containing sensitive
information, these all data should be encrypted to prevent the data or sensitive information of a
company to be accessed and changed by the third person. The data stored on file shares allow
encryption can prevent the data from being altered by malicious objective or being accessed by
individuals who do not have access.
When accessing data integrity and designing security requirements it is necessary to ensure the
level of encryption is sufficient to protect the integrity of the data, the more sensitive the data the
higher the level of encryption that needs to be enabled..
Running head DATA INTEGRITY THREATS TO ORGANIZATIONS1DATA INTE.docx
Running head: DATA INTEGRITY THREATS TO ORGANIZATIONS1
DATA INTEGRITY THREATS TO ORGANIZATIONS10
Data Integrity Threats To Organizations
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to define data integrity and to explain in detail its importance to any particular organization or enterprise. This paper goes into detail and discusses the main threats to data integrity which include cyber-attacks, transfer errors, human error, compromised hardware and malware.
Solution
s to these threats are also highlighted and the possible recommendations are given. The data collected for the purpose of this research paper came from questionnaires and literature reviews. The paper makes use of the qualitative research methodology based on the data collected from the questionnaires, literatures and interviews. Threats to data integrity are seen to have adverse effects on the productivity and profitability of many organizations.
Data Integrity Threats To Organizations
Introduction
Data integrity is defined as the accuracy and consistency of data throughout its lifecycle. Data integrity is the core aspect of cyber security. It is important in the design, implementation and utilization of systems that process, store and retrieves data. There are many threats to data integrity and they include cyber-attacks, transfer errors, human error, compromised hardware and malware. Data integrity has a great impact to organizations in terms of its operations and decision making processes (Nedal & Sail, 2013). Data integrity is important to organizations in terms of productivity and operations since these activities rely on sound decision making processes made by the management based on real time data available to them. Inaccurate data based on data lacking data integrity has adverse effects on an organization progress since wrong organizational decisions would be made. It is therefore important for organizations to make data security a priority in their information systems. Organizations can prioritize data security by establishing cyber security teams or outsourcing the services to a third party who would protect and mitigate the threats associated to cyber security.
Thesis
Data integrity refers to the accuracy and consistency of data throughout its lifecycle and it can be compromised by threats such as human error, cyber-attacks, compromised hardware and malware.
Importance of Data Integrity
Data integrity is considered to be both a process and a state. As a state, data integrity can be both accurate and valid whereas as a process, data integrity is described as the measures taken to ensure that a data set or all the data in a database or construct is valid and accurate. It is important for organizations and enterprises to consider data integrity whether as a state or as a process because it ensures the traceability recoverability and searchability of data (Kavale, 2012). The validity and accuracy of data, which is essentia.
Running head DATA INTEGRITY THREATS TO ORGANIZATIONS1DATA INTE.docx
Running head: DATA INTEGRITY THREATS TO ORGANIZATIONS1
DATA INTEGRITY THREATS TO ORGANIZATIONS10
Data Integrity Threats To Organizations
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to define data integrity and to explain in detail its importance to any particular organization or enterprise. This paper goes into detail and discusses the main threats to data integrity which include cyber-attacks, transfer errors, human error, compromised hardware and malware.
Solution
s to these threats are also highlighted and the possible recommendations are given. The data collected for the purpose of this research paper came from questionnaires and literature reviews. The paper makes use of the qualitative research methodology based on the data collected from the questionnaires, literatures and interviews. Threats to data integrity are seen to have adverse effects on the productivity and profitability of many organizations.
Data Integrity Threats To Organizations
Introduction
Data integrity is defined as the accuracy and consistency of data throughout its lifecycle. Data integrity is the core aspect of cyber security. It is important in the design, implementation and utilization of systems that process, store and retrieves data. There are many threats to data integrity and they include cyber-attacks, transfer errors, human error, compromised hardware and malware. Data integrity has a great impact to organizations in terms of its operations and decision making processes (Nedal & Sail, 2013). Data integrity is important to organizations in terms of productivity and operations since these activities rely on sound decision making processes made by the management based on real time data available to them. Inaccurate data based on data lacking data integrity has adverse effects on an organization progress since wrong organizational decisions would be made. It is therefore important for organizations to make data security a priority in their information systems. Organizations can prioritize data security by establishing cyber security teams or outsourcing the services to a third party who would protect and mitigate the threats associated to cyber security.
Thesis
Data integrity refers to the accuracy and consistency of data throughout its lifecycle and it can be compromised by threats such as human error, cyber-attacks, compromised hardware and malware.
Importance of Data Integrity
Data integrity is considered to be both a process and a state. As a state, data integrity can be both accurate and valid whereas as a process, data integrity is described as the measures taken to ensure that a data set or all the data in a database or construct is valid and accurate. It is important for organizations and enterprises to consider data integrity whether as a state or as a process because it ensures the traceability recoverability and searchability of data (Kavale, 2012). The validity and accuracy of data, which is essentia ...
introduction of ethical hacking. (ppt)
Ethical hacking is becoming more popular with the rise of the internet and other tech-fueled society. SCODE Network offers Ethical hacking training courses with live projects by an expert trainer.
introduction of ethical hacking. ppt
Ethical hacking is becoming more popular with the rise of the internet and other tech-fueled society. Hackers are increasingly becoming more prevalent and ethical hackers help keep our society safe from attacks. SCODE Network offers Ethical hacking training courses with live projects by an expert trainer.
I0516064
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
INFORMATION SECURITY: THREATS AND SOLUTIONS.
RESEARCH PAPER ON INFORMATION SECURITY: THREATS AND SOLUTIONS.
1) Now we consider that the product is lawnmower. Validation tests i.pdf
1) Now we consider that the product is lawnmower. Validation tests include the scenarios in
which the product will work or not and this process is done by the product managing team itself.
Does it cleans even?
What happen when suddenly power is off?
How much far we can move it?
How much time it takes for a particular unit ?
These all are some tests including in the validation tests...
Verification tests, It includes verifying whether the build the right product. Following are few
tests that can be included:
What happens if stone is there?
What if there is raining?
How it works in an uneven place?
These are few tests to be conducted under verification...
2)
1. REQUIREMENTS
A documented software requirements specification provides a baseline for both validation and
verification. The software validation process cannot be completed without an established
software requirements specification (Ref: 21 CFR 820.3(z) and (aa) and 820.30(f) and (g)).
2. DEFECT PREVENTION
Software quality assurance needs to focus on preventing the introduction of defects into the
software development process and not on trying to \"test quality into\" the software code after it
is written. Software testing is very limited in its ability to surface all latent defects in software
code. For example, the complexity of most software prevents it from being exhaustively tested.
Software testing is a necessary activity. However, in most cases software testing by itself is not
sufficient to establish confidence that the software is fit for its intended use. In order to establish
that confidence, software developers should use a mixture of methods and techniques to prevent
software errors and to detect software errors that do occur. The \"best mix\" of methods depends
on many factors including the development environment, application, size of project, language,
and risk.
3. TIME AND EFFORT
To build a case that the software is validated requires time and effort. Preparation for software
validation should begin early, i.e., during design and development planning and design input.
The final conclusion that the software is validated should be based on evidence collected from
planned efforts conducted throughout the software lifecycle.
4. SOFTWARE LIFE CYCLE
Software validation takes place within the environment of an established software life cycle. The
software life cycle contains software engineering tasks and documentation necessary to support
the software validation effort. In addition, the software life cycle contains specific verification
and validation tasks that are appropriate for the intended use of the software. This guidance does
not recommend any particular life cycle models - only that they should be selected and used for a
software development project.
5. PLANS
The software validation process is defined and controlled through the use of a plan. The software
validation plan defines \"what\" is to be accomplished through the software validation effort.
Software validation .
The alcohol generally have the higher boiling poi.pdf
The alcohol generally have the higher boiling point is because of the hydrogen
bonding. on the other hand the alkene only have van der wall forces.
Solution
The alcohol generally have the higher boiling point is because of the hydrogen
bonding. on the other hand the alkene only have van der wall forces..
More Related Content
Similar to CIA = Confidentiality of information, Integrity of information, Avai.pdf
Why Data-Centric Security Needs to be a Top Priority for Enterprises.pdf
In today’s business world, data is one of the most valuable assets that any company can own. As a result, a significant amount of effort and money is spent ensuring that the most effective data security procedures are in place to safeguard it. However, with so many choices, deciding which path to choose is getting increasingly difficult.
CYBER SECURITY WHAT IS IT AND WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW.pdf
Cyber Security is a protection offered to an automated information system in order to attain the applicable objectives of preserving the integrity, availability and confidentiality of information system resources (includes hardware, software, firmware, information/data, and telecommunications). To read more visit: https://www.rangtech.com/blog/cybersecurity/cyber-security-what-is-it-and-what-you-need-to-know
Data security
In this presentation we have covered the topic Data Security from the subject of Information Security. Where Data, Data Security, Security, Security Policy, Tools to secure data, Security Overview (Availability, Integrity, Authenticity, Confidentiality), Some myths and Dimensions of System Security and Security Issues are discussed.
Data security to protect pci data flow ulf mattsson - insecure-mag-40
There are innumerable ways that data thieves can attack and penetrate your network. As the saying goes - it’s not if your systems will be breached, but when. Every organization, especially those that handle PCI data, should operate under the assumption that sooner or later, they will be breached.
The new best practices to protect sensitive data and the data flow throughout the enterprise are designed with this assumption in mind. They are about reducing risk of data loss, and responding quickly to attacks when they occur.
First, minimize the amount of sensitive data you collect and store. Some elements, such
as PIN numbers and CVV/CVC codes, are prohibited from being stored, but in general, if you’re not using certain data but you store it anyways, you’re only increasing risk with no returns. If you are using it, or planning to, minimize the number of systems that store or process sensitive data. This will make it easier to protect it, as you will have less to defend. The next step is to implement some sort of data security, as required by PCI DSS regulations. While access controls provide a basic level of protection, they do nothing to protect the data flow, and the PCI council has recognized a need to go beyond them. Data security is applied in one of two ways: coarse-grained security at the volume or file level; and fine-grained security at the column or field-level.
Introduction to security
This ppt contains information about definition of computer & information security, types of attacks, services, mechanisms, controls and model for network security
Running Head DATA BREACH .docx
Running Head: DATA BREACH 1
DATA BREACH 9
Data Breach Research Proposal
Introduction
In the present world, there has been a series of technological advancements especially in this era of digital migration where everybody is using technology. However, a lot of people do not realize that there are problems that arise as technological changes continue happening. One of the biggest challenge faced in the technological environment is data breaching. This refers to incidences where an individual’s private and confidential information is accessed by unauthorized individuals. Due to diverse lack of technological knowhow, a lot of people and organizations have become victims as occurrences of these data breaches rise each day. In the last two years at least 258,000 organizations has fallen as an estimate of about 3.9 million individuals from different parts of the world has been robbed as a result of data breaches (Ayyagari, 2012).
Clearly, the victim figure above emphasizes the need to come up with a solution to the data breaches more than ever before. The motivation behind carrying out the author’s my proposed research is the rapid changes in the world of technology thatwhich does not match the rate at which a big population adjusts along with the technological changes. This makes them vulnerable to more and more data breaches every day if something is not done. I believe that creating awareness concerning how to be data secure will greatly impact the world positively through reducing the data breaches occurrences.
In my research, I look forward to investigating a number of issues as far as data breaches are concerned. The issues include:
· Causes of data breaches.
· How the data breaches are done.
·
Solution
s to data breaches.
Importance of the proposed research.
With the continual technological advancements, I believe that if a large population of people as well as organizations that make use of technology to store their confidential data get to know all about these issues as well as how to combat data breaches, then the world would be a peaceful place to live in. it will also give room for further technological advancements as the more data secure people will be more willing to embrace the changes.
Literature review
“Meyer, C. H., & Matyas, S. M. (1982). CRYPTOGRAPHY: A new dimension in computer data security: A guide for the design and implementation of secure systems. Wiley.”Comment by Herbert Kemp: I assume the final lit review will be longer….
My theoretical framework
Causes of data breaches
One of the causes of data breaches is cyber-attacks. This has been the leading data security threat over the last two years. This refers to a situation whereby an individual- cybercriminal- accesses an organization’s data and uses it for malicious gains whether for fun, for financial gains or even for undercover activities such as spying.
Another cause of data br.
This is a three part question. For each part the answer requires ide.pdf
This is a three part question. For each part the answer requires identifying an asymmetric
encryption technique, hashing or both. As part of each question you need to discuss the
technique to demonstrate your understanding of how the functionality (confidentiality,
authenticity, integrity) is supported. You need to discuss the details of what the sender and
receiver do and the key usage if applicable.
What technique is used to exchange messages between two parties ensuring confidentiality?
Discuss.
What technique is used to exchange messages between two parties ensuring authenticity?
Discuss
c. What technique is used to exchange messages between two parties ensuring integrity? Discuss.
Solution
a.
Ensuring confidentiality, a very key component of protecting information confidentiality would
be Encryption. Encryption ensures that only the right person who knows the key can read the
information. Encryption is very widespread in today’s world while interacting with one another
through internet. It is the most effective way to achieve the data security. Secure Socket Layer
and Transport Layer Security are the security protocols for communication over internet.
Example: Internet Banking.
Other ways to make sure that the data remains confidential is to implement file permissions and
access control list to restrict access to sensitive information and design of file permissions and
access control lists must be kept as easy as possible for proper maintenance.
c.
Integrity means protecting information so that it cannot be customized by not permitted people.
Information is only as valuable as it is perfect. Similar to the data confidentiality, encryption
plays a prominent role in preserving data integrity. The data shared with another person within a
company or externally to a third party or creating an automatic system report containing sensitive
information, these all data should be encrypted to prevent the data or sensitive information of a
company to be accessed and changed by the third person. The data stored on file shares allow
encryption can prevent the data from being altered by malicious objective or being accessed by
individuals who do not have access.
When accessing data integrity and designing security requirements it is necessary to ensure the
level of encryption is sufficient to protect the integrity of the data, the more sensitive the data the
higher the level of encryption that needs to be enabled..
Running head DATA INTEGRITY THREATS TO ORGANIZATIONS1DATA INTE.docx
Running head: DATA INTEGRITY THREATS TO ORGANIZATIONS1
DATA INTEGRITY THREATS TO ORGANIZATIONS10
Data Integrity Threats To Organizations
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to define data integrity and to explain in detail its importance to any particular organization or enterprise. This paper goes into detail and discusses the main threats to data integrity which include cyber-attacks, transfer errors, human error, compromised hardware and malware.
Solution
s to these threats are also highlighted and the possible recommendations are given. The data collected for the purpose of this research paper came from questionnaires and literature reviews. The paper makes use of the qualitative research methodology based on the data collected from the questionnaires, literatures and interviews. Threats to data integrity are seen to have adverse effects on the productivity and profitability of many organizations.
Data Integrity Threats To Organizations
Introduction
Data integrity is defined as the accuracy and consistency of data throughout its lifecycle. Data integrity is the core aspect of cyber security. It is important in the design, implementation and utilization of systems that process, store and retrieves data. There are many threats to data integrity and they include cyber-attacks, transfer errors, human error, compromised hardware and malware. Data integrity has a great impact to organizations in terms of its operations and decision making processes (Nedal & Sail, 2013). Data integrity is important to organizations in terms of productivity and operations since these activities rely on sound decision making processes made by the management based on real time data available to them. Inaccurate data based on data lacking data integrity has adverse effects on an organization progress since wrong organizational decisions would be made. It is therefore important for organizations to make data security a priority in their information systems. Organizations can prioritize data security by establishing cyber security teams or outsourcing the services to a third party who would protect and mitigate the threats associated to cyber security.
Thesis
Data integrity refers to the accuracy and consistency of data throughout its lifecycle and it can be compromised by threats such as human error, cyber-attacks, compromised hardware and malware.
Importance of Data Integrity
Data integrity is considered to be both a process and a state. As a state, data integrity can be both accurate and valid whereas as a process, data integrity is described as the measures taken to ensure that a data set or all the data in a database or construct is valid and accurate. It is important for organizations and enterprises to consider data integrity whether as a state or as a process because it ensures the traceability recoverability and searchability of data (Kavale, 2012). The validity and accuracy of data, which is essentia.
Running head DATA INTEGRITY THREATS TO ORGANIZATIONS1DATA INTE.docx
Running head: DATA INTEGRITY THREATS TO ORGANIZATIONS1
DATA INTEGRITY THREATS TO ORGANIZATIONS10
Data Integrity Threats To Organizations
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to define data integrity and to explain in detail its importance to any particular organization or enterprise. This paper goes into detail and discusses the main threats to data integrity which include cyber-attacks, transfer errors, human error, compromised hardware and malware.
Solution
s to these threats are also highlighted and the possible recommendations are given. The data collected for the purpose of this research paper came from questionnaires and literature reviews. The paper makes use of the qualitative research methodology based on the data collected from the questionnaires, literatures and interviews. Threats to data integrity are seen to have adverse effects on the productivity and profitability of many organizations.
Data Integrity Threats To Organizations
Introduction
Data integrity is defined as the accuracy and consistency of data throughout its lifecycle. Data integrity is the core aspect of cyber security. It is important in the design, implementation and utilization of systems that process, store and retrieves data. There are many threats to data integrity and they include cyber-attacks, transfer errors, human error, compromised hardware and malware. Data integrity has a great impact to organizations in terms of its operations and decision making processes (Nedal & Sail, 2013). Data integrity is important to organizations in terms of productivity and operations since these activities rely on sound decision making processes made by the management based on real time data available to them. Inaccurate data based on data lacking data integrity has adverse effects on an organization progress since wrong organizational decisions would be made. It is therefore important for organizations to make data security a priority in their information systems. Organizations can prioritize data security by establishing cyber security teams or outsourcing the services to a third party who would protect and mitigate the threats associated to cyber security.
Thesis
Data integrity refers to the accuracy and consistency of data throughout its lifecycle and it can be compromised by threats such as human error, cyber-attacks, compromised hardware and malware.
Importance of Data Integrity
Data integrity is considered to be both a process and a state. As a state, data integrity can be both accurate and valid whereas as a process, data integrity is described as the measures taken to ensure that a data set or all the data in a database or construct is valid and accurate. It is important for organizations and enterprises to consider data integrity whether as a state or as a process because it ensures the traceability recoverability and searchability of data (Kavale, 2012). The validity and accuracy of data, which is essentia ...
introduction of ethical hacking. (ppt)
Ethical hacking is becoming more popular with the rise of the internet and other tech-fueled society. SCODE Network offers Ethical hacking training courses with live projects by an expert trainer.
introduction of ethical hacking. ppt
Ethical hacking is becoming more popular with the rise of the internet and other tech-fueled society. Hackers are increasingly becoming more prevalent and ethical hackers help keep our society safe from attacks. SCODE Network offers Ethical hacking training courses with live projects by an expert trainer.
I0516064
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
INFORMATION SECURITY: THREATS AND SOLUTIONS.
RESEARCH PAPER ON INFORMATION SECURITY: THREATS AND SOLUTIONS.
Similar to CIA = Confidentiality of information, Integrity of information, Avai.pdf (20)
Why Data-Centric Security Needs to be a Top Priority for Enterprises.pdf
Why Data-Centric Security Needs to be a Top Priority for Enterprises.pdf
CYBER SECURITY WHAT IS IT AND WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW.pdf
CYBER SECURITY WHAT IS IT AND WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW.pdf
Data security to protect pci data flow ulf mattsson - insecure-mag-40
Data security to protect pci data flow ulf mattsson - insecure-mag-40
This is a three part question. For each part the answer requires ide.pdf
This is a three part question. For each part the answer requires ide.pdf
Running head DATA INTEGRITY THREATS TO ORGANIZATIONS1DATA INTE.docx
Running head DATA INTEGRITY THREATS TO ORGANIZATIONS1DATA INTE.docx
Running head DATA INTEGRITY THREATS TO ORGANIZATIONS1DATA INTE.docx
Running head DATA INTEGRITY THREATS TO ORGANIZATIONS1DATA INTE.docx
More from annaielectronicsvill
1) Now we consider that the product is lawnmower. Validation tests i.pdf
1) Now we consider that the product is lawnmower. Validation tests include the scenarios in
which the product will work or not and this process is done by the product managing team itself.
Does it cleans even?
What happen when suddenly power is off?
How much far we can move it?
How much time it takes for a particular unit ?
These all are some tests including in the validation tests...
Verification tests, It includes verifying whether the build the right product. Following are few
tests that can be included:
What happens if stone is there?
What if there is raining?
How it works in an uneven place?
These are few tests to be conducted under verification...
2)
1. REQUIREMENTS
A documented software requirements specification provides a baseline for both validation and
verification. The software validation process cannot be completed without an established
software requirements specification (Ref: 21 CFR 820.3(z) and (aa) and 820.30(f) and (g)).
2. DEFECT PREVENTION
Software quality assurance needs to focus on preventing the introduction of defects into the
software development process and not on trying to \"test quality into\" the software code after it
is written. Software testing is very limited in its ability to surface all latent defects in software
code. For example, the complexity of most software prevents it from being exhaustively tested.
Software testing is a necessary activity. However, in most cases software testing by itself is not
sufficient to establish confidence that the software is fit for its intended use. In order to establish
that confidence, software developers should use a mixture of methods and techniques to prevent
software errors and to detect software errors that do occur. The \"best mix\" of methods depends
on many factors including the development environment, application, size of project, language,
and risk.
3. TIME AND EFFORT
To build a case that the software is validated requires time and effort. Preparation for software
validation should begin early, i.e., during design and development planning and design input.
The final conclusion that the software is validated should be based on evidence collected from
planned efforts conducted throughout the software lifecycle.
4. SOFTWARE LIFE CYCLE
Software validation takes place within the environment of an established software life cycle. The
software life cycle contains software engineering tasks and documentation necessary to support
the software validation effort. In addition, the software life cycle contains specific verification
and validation tasks that are appropriate for the intended use of the software. This guidance does
not recommend any particular life cycle models - only that they should be selected and used for a
software development project.
5. PLANS
The software validation process is defined and controlled through the use of a plan. The software
validation plan defines \"what\" is to be accomplished through the software validation effort.
Software validation .
The alcohol generally have the higher boiling poi.pdf
The alcohol generally have the higher boiling point is because of the hydrogen
bonding. on the other hand the alkene only have van der wall forces.
Solution
The alcohol generally have the higher boiling point is because of the hydrogen
bonding. on the other hand the alkene only have van der wall forces..
Square planar..Lone pairs will be on axial plane..pdf
Square planar..Lone pairs will be on axial plane..so no deflection..so the compoud
structure looks like square planar.
Solution
Square planar..Lone pairs will be on axial plane..so no deflection..so the compoud
structure looks like square planar..
For water molecule, all modes of vibrations wolud.pdf
For water molecule, all modes of vibrations wolud produce variable dynamic dipole
moment so IR inactive. For CO2 molecule, symmetric stretch would not produce variable
dipolement so IR inactive. the other two are IR active.
Solution
For water molecule, all modes of vibrations wolud produce variable dynamic dipole
moment so IR inactive. For CO2 molecule, symmetric stretch would not produce variable
dipolement so IR inactive. the other two are IR active..
What do the fields of cosmology, financial matters, fund, law, scien.pdf
What do the fields of cosmology, financial matters, fund, law, science, prescription,
material science, and human science have in like manner? Very little in the method for subject
matter, that is without a doubt. Furthermore, not too much in the method for system.
What they do have in like manner, with each other and with numerous different fields, is
their reliance on a specific standard of discernment. In each of these fields,
it is expected that the members can separate between normal argumentation
taking into account expected standards or confirmation, and wild hypothesis or
nonsequiturs, claims that not the slightest bit take after from the presumptions. In other
words, these fields all presuppose a fundamental acknowledgment of essential standards
of rationale.
Besides, all objective request relies on upon rationale, on the capacity of rationale and balanced
individuals to reason accurately more often than not, and, when they neglect to reason request
effectively, on the capacity of others to call attention to the holes in their thinking.
While individuals may not all concede to a ton, they do appear to have the capacity to concur
on what can really be closed from given data. Acknowledgment of
these normally held standards of soundness is the thing that separates reasonable
request from different types of human movement.
Exactly what are the standards of judiciousness presupposed by these orders?
Also, what are the procedures by which we can recognize right or \"substantial\"
thinking from erroneous or \"invalid\" thinking? All the more fundamentally, what is it
that makes one case \"take after intelligently\" from some given data, while
some other case does not?
Numerous responses to these inquiries have been investigated. A few people have
asserted that the laws of rationale are only a question of tradition. In the event that this is in this
way, rationale and tradition
we could probably choose to change the traditions, thus embrace diverse
standards of rationale, the way we can choose which side of the street we drive
on. In any case, there is a staggering instinct that the laws of rationale are some way or another
more major, less subject to revoke, than the rules that everyone must follow, or even the
laws of material science. We can envision a nation in which a red activity light means
go, and a world on which water streams up slope. Be that as it may, we can\'t envision a
world in which there both are and are not nine planets.
The significance of rationale has been perceived since artifact. All things considered, no
science can be any more sure than its weakest connection. On the off chance that there is
something
self-assertive about rationale, then the same must hold of all sound request. Consequently
laws of rationale it gets to be significant to see exactly what the laws of rationale are, and even
more vital, why they are laws of rationale. These are the issues that one
takes up when one studies rationale itself. To study ra.
view sourceprint01 #includefstreamSolutionview sourceprint.pdf
view sourceprint?01 #include
Solution
view sourceprint?01 #include.
These antibodies could be acquired by;1. Infection by measles viru.pdf
These antibodies could be acquired by;
1. Infection by measles virus.
2. Vaccination for measles virus.
3.infection by some other strain of virus which closelyrics resembles measles virus.
Solution
These antibodies could be acquired by;
1. Infection by measles virus.
2. Vaccination for measles virus.
3.infection by some other strain of virus which closelyrics resembles measles virus..
There are many theories regarding extinction of H Neanderthals. The .pdf
There are many theories regarding extinction of H Neanderthals. The new evidences (improved
radiocarbon dating) show that they co existed with H sapiens for around 5000 years.
1. Violence: There might be conflicts with H sapiens for limited resources, prey and water.
2. Volcanic eruption: Another theory suggests violent eruption has happened around 4039,000
years ago in the Phlegraean Fields near Naples in Italy. Around 200 km3 (48 cu mi) of magma
(500 km3 (120 cu mi) bulk volume) might have caused the might resulted in their extinction.
3. Parasite and Pathogens: In another theory, H neanderthalensis might be susceptible to the
pathogens carried by H sapiens. The poor immunity might resulted in the lethal infection might
resulted in the extinction.
4. Competitive extinctions: This theory suggests that H sapiens were having modern tools for
survival helping them to invade the territory occupied by H neanderthalensis. Since, H
neanderthalensis were less advanced thus might have extricated due to competitive environment.
5. Division of Labour: H sapiens were practicing division of labour between the sexes, where as
H neanderthalensis both male and female were performing hunting activities together in the field.
This may have resulted in poor extraction of resources.
6. Anatomical features: In another theory, due to anatomical difference H neanderthalensis could
not able to sun faster than H sapiens. This walking and running advantage might helped modern
human to win over the competitive environment.
7. New prays: In another theory, the larger pary (large mammals) became rarer which were
hunted by H neanderthalensis. H sapienses also domesticated dogs and at the same time were
dependent on smaller mammals (rabbits). Since modern man also had anatomical advantages,
and change of prey population might resulted in competitive advantage to H sapiens.
Solution
There are many theories regarding extinction of H Neanderthals. The new evidences (improved
radiocarbon dating) show that they co existed with H sapiens for around 5000 years.
1. Violence: There might be conflicts with H sapiens for limited resources, prey and water.
2. Volcanic eruption: Another theory suggests violent eruption has happened around 4039,000
years ago in the Phlegraean Fields near Naples in Italy. Around 200 km3 (48 cu mi) of magma
(500 km3 (120 cu mi) bulk volume) might have caused the might resulted in their extinction.
3. Parasite and Pathogens: In another theory, H neanderthalensis might be susceptible to the
pathogens carried by H sapiens. The poor immunity might resulted in the lethal infection might
resulted in the extinction.
4. Competitive extinctions: This theory suggests that H sapiens were having modern tools for
survival helping them to invade the territory occupied by H neanderthalensis. Since, H
neanderthalensis were less advanced thus might have extricated due to competitive environment.
5. Division of Labour: H sapiens were practicing division of labour between .
the three Worm Nobel Prizes mentioned by Martin Chalfie in his n.pdf
the three \"Worm Nobel Prizes\" mentioned by Martin Chalfie in his nobel prize lecture are
Sydney, Bob Horvitz, and John Sulston won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their
work on C. elegans.
Andy Fire and Craig Mello for their discovery of RNA interference.
Solution
the three \"Worm Nobel Prizes\" mentioned by Martin Chalfie in his nobel prize lecture are
Sydney, Bob Horvitz, and John Sulston won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their
work on C. elegans.
Andy Fire and Craig Mello for their discovery of RNA interference..
The principle of Heliscope sequencer is based on single molecule seq.pdf
The principle of Heliscope sequencer is based on single molecule sequencing technology. DNA
of interest is sheared and made into fragments. The fragments are modified through addition of
poly-A tails. The fragments are then hybridized with poly-T olignucleotides. They are attached
to flow cell and sequenced parallel, using fluorescent labeled nucleotides. Each fragment is
extended with a specific fluorescent labeled nucleotide. When a reaction stops, chemical
cleavage of the fluorophores allows the reaction to continue.
SMRT (single molecule real time sequencing) uses thousands of zero-mode waveguides. A
single DNA polymerase is attached to the bottom of each ZMW and the polymerization is done.
The fragment is elongated with the use of fluorescent labeled nucleotides, with each nucleotide
labeled at terminal phosphate moiety that has fluorophore of different color. When the
fluorescent dNTP forms a phosphodiester bond, the fluorescent pulse is stopped as the
fluorophore is released and it diffuses out of ZMW.
The advantage of SMRT is fastness as it is capable of addition of 100 gb per hour with reads
longer than 1000 in a single run. However, Helisocpe is capable of generating short reads of 55
bases, and can sequence upto 28G.
Solution
The principle of Heliscope sequencer is based on single molecule sequencing technology. DNA
of interest is sheared and made into fragments. The fragments are modified through addition of
poly-A tails. The fragments are then hybridized with poly-T olignucleotides. They are attached
to flow cell and sequenced parallel, using fluorescent labeled nucleotides. Each fragment is
extended with a specific fluorescent labeled nucleotide. When a reaction stops, chemical
cleavage of the fluorophores allows the reaction to continue.
SMRT (single molecule real time sequencing) uses thousands of zero-mode waveguides. A
single DNA polymerase is attached to the bottom of each ZMW and the polymerization is done.
The fragment is elongated with the use of fluorescent labeled nucleotides, with each nucleotide
labeled at terminal phosphate moiety that has fluorophore of different color. When the
fluorescent dNTP forms a phosphodiester bond, the fluorescent pulse is stopped as the
fluorophore is released and it diffuses out of ZMW.
The advantage of SMRT is fastness as it is capable of addition of 100 gb per hour with reads
longer than 1000 in a single run. However, Helisocpe is capable of generating short reads of 55
bases, and can sequence upto 28G..
The excess sodium ethoxide is decomposed into sodium hydroxide and e.pdf
The excess sodium ethoxide is decomposed into sodium hydroxide and ethanol during the work-
up step when water is added to the reaction mixture:
C2H5ONa + H2O => C2H5OH + NaOH
Solution
The excess sodium ethoxide is decomposed into sodium hydroxide and ethanol during the work-
up step when water is added to the reaction mixture:
C2H5ONa + H2O => C2H5OH + NaOH.
This value belongs to PPPoE session stage protocol..PPPoE is point.pdf
This value belongs to PPPoE session stage protocol..
PPPoE is point to point protocol over ethernet...
It allows communication over ethernet between two network points...
This protocol is used by internet service providers to provide high speed internet services..
Solution
This value belongs to PPPoE session stage protocol..
PPPoE is point to point protocol over ethernet...
It allows communication over ethernet between two network points...
This protocol is used by internet service providers to provide high speed internet services...
The RASopathy diseases include-SolutionThe RASopathy diseases .pdf
The RASopathy diseases include-
Solution
The RASopathy diseases include-.
Photosynthesis - converts carbon dioxide to sugarsCell cycle - con.pdf
Photosynthesis - converts carbon dioxide to sugars
Cell cycle - contains DNA replication and mitosis
Osmosis - movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
Enzymes - catalyze biological reactions
Aerobic cellular respiration - produces ATP
Solution
Photosynthesis - converts carbon dioxide to sugars
Cell cycle - contains DNA replication and mitosis
Osmosis - movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
Enzymes - catalyze biological reactions
Aerobic cellular respiration - produces ATP.
public class Hello {public static void main(String[] args) { P.pdf
public class Hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Prints \"Hello, \" to the terminal window.
System.out.println(\"Hello\");
}
}
Solution
public class Hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Prints \"Hello, \" to the terminal window.
System.out.println(\"Hello\");
}
}.
Please follow the cod eand comments for description CODE #incl.pdf
Please follow the cod eand comments for description :
CODE :
#include // cin cout
#include // pow
#include // setprecision, fixed, showpoint
using namespace std;
/*--Function Prototypes--*/
void displayMenu();
bool isPositive(float a);
float calcSquareArea (float baseData);
float calcRectangleArea (float baseData, float heightData);
float calcTriangleArea (float baseData, float heightData);
float calcCircleArea (float radiusData);
void displayArea(float result);
/*-MAIN--------------------------------*/
int main() {
// declare \'base\' and \'height\' as type float
// and initialize them both to 1
float base = 1;
float height = 1;
// declare \'area\' as type float
float area;
// declare \'choice\' as type int
int choice;
do{
// display menu and prompt for user\'s choice
displayMenu();
// read in user\'s choice
cin >> choice;
// branch to the corresponding case for \'choice\'
switch(choice) {
case 1 :
// validate for positive dimesion(s)
// do{
// prompt for side length and read into \'base\'
// }while( !isPositive( base ) );
// calcSquareArea
// displayArea
do{
cout << \"Enter the Length of the Each Side For the Square : \";
cin >> base;
}while (!isPositive(base));
area = calcSquareArea (base);
displayArea(area);
break;
case 2:
// validate for positive dimesion(s)
// prompt for base and height and read in values
// calcRectangleArea
// displayArea
do{
cout << \"Enter the Base data of the Rectangle : \";
cin >> base;
}while (!isPositive(base));
do{
cout << \"Enter the Height data of the Rectangle : \";
cin >> height;
}while (!isPositive(height));
area = calcRectangleArea (base, height);
displayArea(area);
break;
case 3:
// validate for positive dimesion(s)
// prompt for base and height and read in values
// calcTriangleArea
// displayArea
do{
cout << \"Enter the Base data of the Triangle : \";
cin >> base;
}while (!isPositive(base));
do{
cout << \"Enter the Height data of the Triangle : \";
cin >> height;
}while (!isPositive(height));
area = calcTriangleArea (base, height);
displayArea(area);
break;
case 4:
// validate for positive dimesion(s)
// prompt for radius and read into \'base\'
// calcCircleArea
// displayArea
do{
cout << \"Enter the Radius data of the Circle : \";
cin >> base;
}while (!isPositive(base));
area = calcCircleArea (base);
displayArea(area);
break;
case 0:
// alert the user \"closing program\"
cout << \"Closing the Program.!\" << endl;
break;
default:
// alert the user \"invalid option\"
cout << \"Invalid Option..!!\" << endl;
break;
}
}while(choice != 0);
cout << endl;
return(0);
}
/*-------------------------------------*/
void displayMenu() {
cout << \"1. Area of a square \ \"
<< \"2. Area of a rectangle \ \"
<< \"3. Area of a triangle \ \"
<< \"4. Area of a circle \ \"
<< \"0. Exit\ \"
<< \"----------------------\ \"
<< \"Enter choice: \";
return;
}
bool isPositive(float a) {
if(a > 0){
return true;
} else {
cout << \"Invalid Data..!!\" << endl;
exit(0);
return false;
}
}
float calcSquareArea (float baseData) {
float are.
Molar mass of NO2 = molar mass of N + 2 x molar mass of O= 14.01 +.pdf
Molar mass of NO2 = molar mass of N + 2 x molar mass of O
= 14.01 + 2 x 16.00
= 46.01 g/mol
Solution
Molar mass of NO2 = molar mass of N + 2 x molar mass of O
= 14.01 + 2 x 16.00
= 46.01 g/mol.
Milgram experiment was conducted to demonstrate the effect that figu.pdf
Milgram experiment was conducted to demonstrate the effect that figures of authority have on
the people about the obedience people show to the authority. This experiment was conducted to
understand the rationale behind the Nuremberg massacre trials when millions of Jews were put to
death by the Nazis. The people involved in the holocaust later presented their case in the trials
that they were commanded by the authority to do so. Milgram devised a psychological study to
demonstrate this behaviour.
In the study, male participants were taken, from different occupational background with different
level of education. They were made to obey to an authority figure to inflict pain on the other
person, on the other side of the room not visible to the participant. Surprisingly enough, the study
found that a very large percentage of people were willing to obey, even unwillingly to cause
serious injury to a person when they are made to do so by a powerful authority.
There are some critical dimensions associated with the experiment which shows that the
experiment did not exactly depict the situations as present during holocaust namely:
Therefore one could say that the experiment was not totally successful in depicting the situations
present during the holocaust.
Solution
Milgram experiment was conducted to demonstrate the effect that figures of authority have on
the people about the obedience people show to the authority. This experiment was conducted to
understand the rationale behind the Nuremberg massacre trials when millions of Jews were put to
death by the Nazis. The people involved in the holocaust later presented their case in the trials
that they were commanded by the authority to do so. Milgram devised a psychological study to
demonstrate this behaviour.
In the study, male participants were taken, from different occupational background with different
level of education. They were made to obey to an authority figure to inflict pain on the other
person, on the other side of the room not visible to the participant. Surprisingly enough, the study
found that a very large percentage of people were willing to obey, even unwillingly to cause
serious injury to a person when they are made to do so by a powerful authority.
There are some critical dimensions associated with the experiment which shows that the
experiment did not exactly depict the situations as present during holocaust namely:
Therefore one could say that the experiment was not totally successful in depicting the situations
present during the holocaust..
Infrastructure may be owned and managed by governments or by private.pdf
Infrastructure may be owned and managed by governments or by private companies, such as sole
public utility or railway companies. Generally, most roads, major ports and airports, water
distribution systems and sewage networks are publicly owned, whereas most energy and
telecommunications networks are privately owned. Publicly owned infrastructure may be paid
for from taxes, tolls, or metered user fees, whereas private infrastructure is generally paid for by
metered user fees. Major investment projects are generally financed by the issuance of long-term
bonds.
Hence, government owned and operated infrastructure may be developed and operated in the
private sector or in public-private partnerships, in addition to in the public sector. In the United
States for example, public spending on infrastructure has varied between 2.3% and 3.6% of GDP
since 1950.[9] Many financial institutions invest in infrastructure.
Solution
Infrastructure may be owned and managed by governments or by private companies, such as sole
public utility or railway companies. Generally, most roads, major ports and airports, water
distribution systems and sewage networks are publicly owned, whereas most energy and
telecommunications networks are privately owned. Publicly owned infrastructure may be paid
for from taxes, tolls, or metered user fees, whereas private infrastructure is generally paid for by
metered user fees. Major investment projects are generally financed by the issuance of long-term
bonds.
Hence, government owned and operated infrastructure may be developed and operated in the
private sector or in public-private partnerships, in addition to in the public sector. In the United
States for example, public spending on infrastructure has varied between 2.3% and 3.6% of GDP
since 1950.[9] Many financial institutions invest in infrastructure..
More from annaielectronicsvill (20)
1) Now we consider that the product is lawnmower. Validation tests i.pdf
1) Now we consider that the product is lawnmower. Validation tests i.pdf
The alcohol generally have the higher boiling poi.pdf
The alcohol generally have the higher boiling poi.pdf
Square planar..Lone pairs will be on axial plane..pdf
Square planar..Lone pairs will be on axial plane..pdf
For water molecule, all modes of vibrations wolud.pdf
For water molecule, all modes of vibrations wolud.pdf
What do the fields of cosmology, financial matters, fund, law, scien.pdf
What do the fields of cosmology, financial matters, fund, law, scien.pdf
view sourceprint01 #includefstreamSolutionview sourceprint.pdf
view sourceprint01 #includefstreamSolutionview sourceprint.pdf
These antibodies could be acquired by;1. Infection by measles viru.pdf
These antibodies could be acquired by;1. Infection by measles viru.pdf
There are many theories regarding extinction of H Neanderthals. The .pdf
There are many theories regarding extinction of H Neanderthals. The .pdf
the three Worm Nobel Prizes mentioned by Martin Chalfie in his n.pdf
the three Worm Nobel Prizes mentioned by Martin Chalfie in his n.pdf
The principle of Heliscope sequencer is based on single molecule seq.pdf
The principle of Heliscope sequencer is based on single molecule seq.pdf
The excess sodium ethoxide is decomposed into sodium hydroxide and e.pdf
The excess sodium ethoxide is decomposed into sodium hydroxide and e.pdf
This value belongs to PPPoE session stage protocol..PPPoE is point.pdf
This value belongs to PPPoE session stage protocol..PPPoE is point.pdf
The RASopathy diseases include-SolutionThe RASopathy diseases .pdf
The RASopathy diseases include-SolutionThe RASopathy diseases .pdf
Photosynthesis - converts carbon dioxide to sugarsCell cycle - con.pdf
Photosynthesis - converts carbon dioxide to sugarsCell cycle - con.pdf
public class Hello {public static void main(String[] args) { P.pdf
public class Hello {public static void main(String[] args) { P.pdf
Please follow the cod eand comments for description CODE #incl.pdf
Please follow the cod eand comments for description CODE #incl.pdf
Molar mass of NO2 = molar mass of N + 2 x molar mass of O= 14.01 +.pdf
Molar mass of NO2 = molar mass of N + 2 x molar mass of O= 14.01 +.pdf
Milgram experiment was conducted to demonstrate the effect that figu.pdf
Milgram experiment was conducted to demonstrate the effect that figu.pdf
Infrastructure may be owned and managed by governments or by private.pdf
Infrastructure may be owned and managed by governments or by private.pdf
Recently uploaded
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
Instagram:-
https://instagram.com/special_education_needs_01?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=
WhatsApp:-
https://chat.whatsapp.com/JVakNIYlSV94x7bwunO3Dc
YouTube:-
https://youtube.com/@special_education_needs
Teligram :- https://t.me/special_education_needs
Slide Shere :-
https://www.slideshare.net/shabnambano20?utm_campaign=profiletracking&utm_medium=sssite&utm_source=ssslideview
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdf
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docx
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of other biological materials, Ownership and period of protection
Operation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
Child centred education is an educational approach that priorities the interest, needs and abilities of the child in the learning process.
The geography of Taylor Swift - some ideas
Geographical themes connected with Taylor Swift's ERAS tour - coming to the UK in June 2024
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Answers to Home assignment on UV-Visible spectroscopy: Calculation of wavelength of UV-Visible absorption
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS.
678020731-Sumas-y-Restas-Para-Colorear.pdf
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
This Presentation in details discusses on Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Recently uploaded (20)
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
"Protectable subject matters, Protection in biotechnology, Protection of othe...
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptx
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
CIA = Confidentiality of information, Integrity of information, Avai.pdf
- 1. CIA = Confidentiality of information, Integrity of information, Availability of information. This model is designed to guide policies for information security in organization.Each field is seperately identified and respective protective measures are listed.Any breach in anyof the three fields will cause serious consequences to the parties involved. Confidentiality: Confidentiality can be called privacy.In todays world everyone has sensitive information which can be a problem if fell into wrong hands. Only the authorized person must be able to view the data while restricting the third parties to share the information.It is not much difficult to acheive this but one problem is to be considered. If we allow tough measures the original trusted user might face difficulties to view his information. so the rules should be friendly for the approriate verified user as well. Cryptography and Encryption methods are an example of an attempt to ensure confidentiality of data trasferred from one computer to another. Nowadays passwords and 2 factor authentication is being used. But addition to that there are biometric verifications,storing on truecrypt volumes,honey pots to divert intrusion attacks,security tokens,soft tokens,SSL/TLS ( for safe commuication across network),etc Integrity:. Integrity involves maintaining consistency,accuracy,trustworthiness of data over its entire life cycle. Information is only worth if its true and there are many attackers in the net who change the details of a secured file so that it looses its value. measures which can develop integrity are using file permissions and user access controls,digitally signing the data, hashing the data and sending it to the receiver to compare it with the received information using cryptography,using checksums or crptographic checksums. There should also be a facility to repair the damaged information by using strong and secure backup mechanism. Availability: This ensures that the user can get his/her information whenever he needs it. The main aim of security is to safeguared the authorized user's data and ensure that he gets his data at all times is crucial. some attacks mainly focusses on denying the user his access.this type of attacks are DDOS attacks.Some parties might try to block some company's resources to the users so that they can have more sales.Not only attackers natural disasters also might cause losing the data and denying the user his right to get his data when needed. The best solution is using offsite backups and ensuring the downtime to retreive is less.firewalls and proxies can help the tackling of dos attacks (denial of service attacks), allowing redundency for high important information can also help.
- 2. Solution CIA = Confidentiality of information, Integrity of information, Availability of information. This model is designed to guide policies for information security in organization.Each field is seperately identified and respective protective measures are listed.Any breach in anyof the three fields will cause serious consequences to the parties involved. Confidentiality: Confidentiality can be called privacy.In todays world everyone has sensitive information which can be a problem if fell into wrong hands. Only the authorized person must be able to view the data while restricting the third parties to share the information.It is not much difficult to acheive this but one problem is to be considered. If we allow tough measures the original trusted user might face difficulties to view his information. so the rules should be friendly for the approriate verified user as well. Cryptography and Encryption methods are an example of an attempt to ensure confidentiality of data trasferred from one computer to another. Nowadays passwords and 2 factor authentication is being used. But addition to that there are biometric verifications,storing on truecrypt volumes,honey pots to divert intrusion attacks,security tokens,soft tokens,SSL/TLS ( for safe commuication across network),etc Integrity:. Integrity involves maintaining consistency,accuracy,trustworthiness of data over its entire life cycle. Information is only worth if its true and there are many attackers in the net who change the details of a secured file so that it looses its value. measures which can develop integrity are using file permissions and user access controls,digitally signing the data, hashing the data and sending it to the receiver to compare it with the received information using cryptography,using checksums or crptographic checksums. There should also be a facility to repair the damaged information by using strong and secure backup mechanism. Availability: This ensures that the user can get his/her information whenever he needs it. The main aim of security is to safeguared the authorized user's data and ensure that he gets his data at all times is crucial. some attacks mainly focusses on denying the user his access.this type of attacks are DDOS attacks.Some parties might try to block some company's resources to the users so that they can have more sales.Not only attackers natural disasters also might cause losing the data and denying the user his right to get his data when needed. The best solution is using offsite backups and ensuring the downtime to retreive is less.firewalls
- 3. and proxies can help the tackling of dos attacks (denial of service attacks), allowing redundency for high important information can also help.