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Chronicity
- 1. Chronicity What we want to accomplish: 1.Differentiate between acute illness vs. chronic illness. 2.Define “chronic conditions.” 3.Identify factors related to the increasing incidence of chronic conditions. 4.Describe characteristics of chronic conditions and implications for people with chronic conditions and for their families.
- 2. Chronicity What we want to accomplish: 1.Differentiate between acute illness vs. chronic illness.
- 3. Acute VS Chronic ACUTE CHRONIC Beginning Rapid Gradual Cause Usually one Many Duration Short (<3 months) Indefinite (> 3 months) Diagnosis Commonly Accurate Often uncertain Diagnostic Tests Often Decisive Often limited value Treatment Cure is common Cure is rare
- 4. OVERVIEW OF CHRONIC DISEASES • Account for 7 out of 10 deaths • The term “chronic” describes a long disease course and illnesses that may be incurable • Require profound adjustments in all aspects of the patient’s life • Lifestyle changes • Uncertainty • Stress response (both patient and family) • Developmental Stage of patient and family • Previous experience • Underlying personality • Unresolved anger or grief
- 5. Chronicity What we want to accomplish: 1.Define “chronic conditions.”
- 6. • CHF • CAD • Stroke • Obesity • Arthritis • COPD
- 7. Chronicity What we want to accomplish: 1.Identify factors related to the increasing incidence of chronic conditions.
- 8. PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF CHRONIC CONDITIONS Affects both rich and poor nations. Major cause of death Focus on Chart 9-1 and Table 9-1
- 10. Chronicity What we want to accomplish: 1.Describe characteristics of chronic conditions and implications for people with chronic conditions and for their families.
- 11. CHARACTERISTICS OF CHRONIC CONDITIONS Managing chronic illness involves more than treating medical problems. Chronic conditions usually involve many different phases over the course of a person’s lifetime. Keeping chronic conditions under control requires persistent adherence to therapeutic regimens. One chronic disease can lead to the development of other chronic conditions.
- 12. Chronic illness affects the entire family. The day-to-day management of illness is largely the responsibility of people with chronic disorders and their families. The management of chronic conditions is a process of discovery. Managing chronic conditions must be a collaborative process that involves many different health care professionals working together. The management of chronic conditions is expensive.
- 13. Chronic conditions raise difficult ethical issues for patients, families, health care professionals, and society. Living with chronic illness means living with uncertainty.
- 14. Describe implications for people with chronic conditions and for their families
- 15. NURSING CARE OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ILLNESSES Skilled communication is essential, especially when conveying bad news
- 16. THE TRAJECTORY MODEL The Trajectory Model describes discrete phases in an individual’s experience with chronic illness
Editor's Notes
- The concept of chronicity is an important one for this course. These are the objectives that are important to know for this unit.
- The first thing that we need to do is be able to differentiate between acute illness vs. chronic illness.
- Look at this table. It compares the differences between an illness being acute or chronic. In general, an acute illness is one that is sudden, short and curable. A chronic illness is one that is progressive, long term, and often uncurable.
- 7 out of 10 deaths are because of chronic diseases The conditions require profound adjustments in all aspects of the patient’s life, including Lifestyle changes Uncertainty Stress response (both patient and family) Developmental Stage of patient and family Previous experience Underlying personality Unresolved anger or grief
- The next thing that we want to be able to do is to define “chronic conditions.”
- These are some examples of chronic diseases: Congestive Heart Failure, Diabetes, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease are a few that you will see frequently.
- The next thing you must be able to do is to identify factors related to the increasing incidence of chronic conditions.
- This slide shows that chronic conditions are increasing. Chronic disease affects both rich and poor nations. Chronic conditions are a major cause of death.
- There are four reasons that the incidence of chronic disease is increasing. First, there is a decrease in deaths from infectious disease. For instance, smallpox has been eradicated from the earth. Second, lifestyle factors, like smoking or inactivity, have increased the diseases affecting the heart and metabolism. Third, we are living longer because of advances in technology and drugs. It is also easier to go to Publix than grow your own! Lastly, there is improved screening and tests to determine if you have a condition at all!
- After reading the chapter and this class, you should be able to describe characteristics of chronic conditions and implications for people with chronic conditions and for their families.
- Remember these points that describe chronic conditions: Managing chronic illness involves more than treating medical problems. Individuals have to make profound changes to their lifestyle or way of life. Chronic conditions usually involve many different phases over the course of a person’s lifetime. Know and understand the Trajectory Model. A person may have COPD and be mildly SOB. But, then they get a cold, and now they are in crisis with their ability to breath. Keeping chronic conditions under control requires persistent adherence to therapeutic regimens. For example, there is no such thing as taking a vacation from testing your blood sugar. One chronic disease can lead to the development of other chronic conditions. For example, a person with diabetes may have kidney failure, lose a limb, or become blind as the disease progresses.
- Chronic illness affects the entire family. The day-to-day management of illness is largely the responsibility of people with chronic disorders and their families. The management of chronic conditions is a process of discovery. When a person has a chronic illness, they learn something new frequently. Managing chronic conditions must be a collaborative process that involves many different health care professionals working together. The management of chronic conditions is expensive.
- Again, chronic illness affects the entire family. Chronic conditions raise difficult ethical issues for patients, families, health care professionals, and society. Most importantly, remember that living with chronic illness means living with uncertainty.
- There are four points for the nurse to remember when looking at the implications of chronic conditions: First, chronic disease prevention and health promotion are important for the patient and his family. Second, the patient and family must know how to manage symptoms of the disease. For example, if the patient is diabetic, they must know the signs and symptoms and how to treat hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Third, the family must know how to prevent acute illness. For example, be cautious attending holiday events with a grandfather with COPD if the flu season is in full force! Lastly, family members and the patient will have to be taught how to avoid complications – for example, if they are “on vacation” and “touring” with a family member with Alzheimer&apos;s disease. They will need to know how to avoid the family member getting confused or lost.
- Therapeutic communication skills become very important in caring for patients with chronic illnesses. Skilled communication is essential, especially when conveying bad news to a patient or his family. Practice this skill with your family and friends.
- The Trajectory Model describes discrete phases in an individual’s experience with chronic illness. Read about this model in your book.