Chromecast Technology Report(HDMI dongal developed by google)

CHROMECAST TECHNOLOGY
Department of Comp. & IT 1 D. N. P.COE, SHAHADA
ABSTRACT
Cromecast is a device developed by google and it is used as a digital media player. It is 72mm
long dongal. This dongal help to play audio or video streaming in television of high definition
quality. It is uses WiFi or local internet connection. This device is required to plug in the HDMI
port of television. The HDMI dongal comes with 2.4GHz wireless radio frequency to
communicate with mobile phone and tablets. It does not run on battery. It comes with a micro
USB cable and an adapter for source of energy.
This device will be able to provide an integration of services using different sources. It can fetch
video from the iPhones as well as from the Nexus 4. Once the databases are transferred to the
dongal can be used to other requirements. Almost all the web and mobile application are
compatible with this tiny HDMI wireless dongal. There is an option to manage the contents of the
device and using android phones and any iPhones you will be able to track the contents.
Chromecast works as an integrator through which you will be able to use services from different
service provider like youtube, netfix etc. the dongal itself does not affect the quality of the content
if depends on the source itself.. Users select the media to play using mobile apps and web
apps that support the Google Cast technology. Alternatively, content can be mirrored from
theGoogle Chrome web browser running on a personal computer, as well as from the screen of
some Android devices.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Acknowledgement is just like a drop in the ocean of the deep sense of gratitude within our heart for
people who helped us out of most embarrassing part of our life when we were standing at most difficult
step towards our dream of life.
Many people have contributed to the success of this. Although a single sentence hardly suffices,
we would like to thank Almighty God for blessing us with His grace. We extend our sincere and heartly
thanks to Prof. V. S. Mahajan, Head of Department, Computer Engineering, for providing us the right
ambience for carrying out this work.
We are grateful and sincerely appreciate the effort of our respected in-charge Prof. S. H. SHAIKH
who acted as a fulcrum for us and supported us during the ups and downs of our project. We are
profoundly indebted to our project guide of seminar Prof. P.R.PATIL for innumerable acts of timely
advice, encouragement and we sincerely express our gratitude to him.
We express our immense pleasure and thankfulness to all the teachers and staff of the
Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology for their cooperation and support.
GIRASE KIRAN V.
B.E.COMPUTER

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE
No. No.
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2
3. . RESEARCH OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY 3
3.1 SAMPLING PLAN 4
3.2 SURVEY CRITERIA
3.3 HYPOTHESIS FORMULATION
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 5
4.1 PUMP USER DEMOGRAPHICS
4.2 HYPOTHESIS TESTING 6
4.3 LIFE OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
COMPONENT
4.4 PROBLEM OCCURING IN CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP 8
5. CONCLUSION 10

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Chromecast is a device developed by Google and it is used as a digital media player. It is a 72
mm long dongle. This dongle helps to play audio or video streaming in television of high
definition quality. It uses Wi-Fi or local internet connection. This device is required to plug in the
HDMI port of the television. The HDMI dongle comes with 2.4GHZ wireless radio frequency to
communicate with mobile phones and tablets. It does not run on battery. It comes with a micro
USB cable and an adapter for source of energy. This device will be able to provide an integration
of services using different sources. It can fetch video from the iPhone as well as from the
Nexus4. Once the data is transferred to the dongle can be used for other requirements. Almost all
the web and mobile applications are compatible with this tiny HDMI wireless dongle. There is an
option to manage the contents of the device and using android phones or any iPhone you will be
able to track the contents. Chromecast works as an integrator through which you will be able to
use services from different service providers like youtube, netfix etc. The dongle itself does not
affect the quality of the content it depends on the source itself.
Chromecast is one of the most affordable yet functional. What it lacks in apps now is
made up for by its support for browser tab sharing. And the fact it works for both Android and
iOS opens up its potential user base even wider. With a little time, after it is released
internationally, it could be the new device developers can't ignore when making apps. Its
simplicity of use makes Chromecast a viable upgrade for anyone that enjoys streaming online
video, music and photos. Look out for an open SDK, international expansion and new devices
from Google's Chromecast system over the coming year. The search giant is planning to bring its
streaming dongle to a number of international markets the idea is to persuade app publishers
around the world to make their apps Chromecast-compatible, so that users will be able to access
more content using the device. "There will be an expectation from consumers that any and every
app will be castable to that end, an open SDK will be launched during 2014. Right now a preview
is available to developers, but it's not yet possible to distribute apps with the functionality. The
eventual goal is to make Chromecast an ecosystem in its own right, persuading consumer
electronics manufacturers to build it in to devices as standard.

Chapter 2
ARCHITECTURE
We present a system which has server-side modules and client side interfaces for media service
on second screen environment. Server-side has two servers which are web server and media
server. Web server has Chromecast receiver that is a HTML web page showing video content
using video player .this web page is working on web browser of the Chromecast. Media server
has two modules which are Aligned Thumbnails Creator (ATC) and Synchronize Manger (SM).
ATC creates and stores thumbnails to the Thumbnails store, and then SM performs
synchronization between sliding interface on mobile device and currently playing video on TV.
Client-side has two devices which are Chromecast connected TV and mobile device as a user
interface. The mobile device is used as a second screen for showing aligned thumbnails on
sliding interface for video browsing.
Figure 2.1 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

2.1 ALIGNED THUMBNAILS
Aligned thumbnails are representing of shot sequences. Aligned thumbnails make user can easily
access to their wanting contents by reducing search space. ATC creates aligned thumbnails to be
used by sliding interface as shown in Fig. 2.1. First, ATC extracts frames from stored video.
Then it detects shots using color histogram based shot boundary detection algorithm. After shots
are detected, ATC used first frames such as a1,a75, and b1 of shots as key frame. Then ATC
aligns the similar shots using shot sequence alignment algorithm. Finally, The ATC selects first
key frames of the shot sequence as aligned thumbnails such as A1, B1, and C1 as shown in Fig.
2.1.
Figure 2.2 Aligned Thumbnails Creation

2.2 SYNCHRONIZATION
SM synchronizes between the sliding interface on mobile device and currently playing video on
TV. Its role is to keep the video players current time to be the same as the current time of the
displayed thumbnail. It aids users who are finding nearby scenes from current scene. Before
playing video, video player sends player’s current time to the SM. Then SM sends the thumbnail
metadata which is composed by pairs of thumbnail images that are taken from Thumbnail store
with its respective current time to the mobile Application. Then images of each thumbnail are
loaded and added to sliding interface.
Figure 2.3 Hierarchical Sliding Interface

2.3 USER INTERFACE FOR MOBILE DEVICE
To access detailed thumbnail such as B2, B3, D2, we present hierarchical sliding interface. As
illustrated in Fig. 3, hierarchical sliding interfaces have a video navigation module and a video
browsing module. Navigation module is located in the right side of browsing interface. It
contains video navigation buttons, such as play, pause, and so on. Browsing module has a sliding
interfaces showing aligned thumbnails without the time slider. Users who use sliding interface
can slide left/right for finding contents. When they slide to right thumbnail C1 from B1, the video
player on TV will play a particular time 00:32:43 which is represented by the thumbnail C1.
Moreover, when users want to jump to detailed shot such as B2 or B3, they can click current
showing thumbnail B1. Then sliding interface provides detail shots as shown in Fig.2.2.
2.4 IMPLEMENTATION AND EXPERIMENT
The implementation of this system includes the development of client and server side
applications, the Chromecast device, HDMI capable TV, and an android phone. The client
application is implemented as an android application for providing hierarchical sliding interface
as shown in Fig.3. It uses Chromecast API to communicate with a Chromecast device in order to
synchronize and interact with playing video on TV. The final implementation is shown in
Fig.2.4. The experimentation uses three videos (V1,V2 and V3) from a popular TV series.
RESULT OF ALIGNED THUMBNAILS
Video Frames Shots Aligned Thumbnails
V1 41980 357 122
V2 34315 278 63
V3 34690 319 109
Table 2.1
As shown is Table 2.1, we successfully decrease the average search space into 98 thumbnails by
using our aligned thumbnails creation method. Compare to video browsing method that using key

frames of shots as their search space has reduced 69% of the search due to the smaller search
space.
(a) (b)
Fig.2.4. Final implementation of proposed system (a) finding specific scene (b) Synchronization
between the sliding interfaces on mobile and currently playing video on TV

Chapter 3
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Chromecast contains the Marvell 88DE3005 (Armada 1500-mini) system on a chip, which
includes codecs for hardware decoding of the VP8 and H.264 video compression formats. Radio
communication is handled by Azure Wave NH-387 Wi-Fi which implements 80211b/g/n (2.4
GHz). The device has 512 MB of Micron DDR3L RAM and 2GB of flash storage. The model
number H2G2-42 is likely a reference to the Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy abbreviation
“H2G2”—in the novel, the number 42 is the “Answer to the Ultimate Question of life, the
Universe, and Everything.” The bundled power adapter bears the model number MST3K-US,
likely a reference to Mystery Science Theater 3000.

3.1 OPERATING SYSTEM
Chromecast is running a simplified version of chrome OS. Subsequently, a team of hackers
reported that the device is more android than Chrome OS” and appears to be adapted from
software embedded in Google TV. As with Chrome OS devices, Chromecast operating system
updates are downloaded automatically without notification.
Table 3.1 New Fetures and updates
3.2 SUPPORTED OPERATING SYSTEM
The whole premise of the Chromecast is to stream content from the web to your television, from
another. Google is being very open when it comes to device support. Supported opening mobile
apps enabled for Chromecast are available for both Android 2.3+ and iOS 6.0+; web apps
enabled for Chromecast are available on computers running Google Chrome (on Microsoft

Windows 7+, Mac OS 10.7+, and Chrome OS for Chrome books running Chrome 28+) through
the installation of the "Cast extension" in the browser.
 Android 4.1 and higher.
 iOS 7.0 and higher.
 Windows 7 and higher.
 Mac OS 10.7 and higher.
 Chrome OS (on a Chromebook running Chrome 28 & higher).

Chapter 4
DEVICE DISCOVERY PROTOCOLS
Chromecast uses the mDNS (multicast Domain Name System) protocol to search for available
devices on a Wi-Fi network. Chromecast previously used the DIAL (Discovery And Launch)
protocol, co-developed by Netflix and YouTube.
MULTICAST DNS (mDNS):
In computer networking, the multicast Domain Name System (mDNS) resolves host names to IP
addresses within small networks that do not include a local name server. It is a zero-configuration
service, using essentially the same programming interfaces, packet formats and operating
semantics as the unicast Domain Name System (DNS).
DISCOVER AND LAUNCH (DIAL):
It is a mechanism for discovering and lauching applications on a single subnet, typically a home
network. It relies on Universal Plug and Play (UPnP), Simple Service Discovery Protocol
(SSDP), and HTTP protocols. The protocol works without requiring a pairing between devices. It
was formerly used by the Chromecast media streaming adapter that was introduced in July 2013
by Google. (Chromecast instead uses mDNS.) DIAL enables so called “2nd
screen” devices, such
as tablet computers and mobile phones to send content to “1st
screen” devices, such as television,
Blu-ray players, and set-top boxes.
Figure 4.1 DIAL OPERATION IN CHROMECAST

Chapter 5
CHROMECAST INSTALLATION
Chromecast is an inexpensive way to stream media from online to your HDTV over your home
Wi-Fi network, using your computer or mobile device as a bridge. It’s not as simple as plugging
it in, though. That’s where this guide comes in. The setup process is very straightforward, but if
you need a little more help, this guide can walk you through each step and make sure you get
everything working properly on the first try.
5.1 CHROMECAST COMPONENTS:
Figure 5.1 Chromecast Component
1. CHROMECAST: Chromecast plugs into any HDMI port on your TV and uses your
existing Wi-Fi network to stream video from the internet to your TV. Chromecast is
controlled from devices on the same Wi-Fi network, such as smartphones, tablets, or
computers, and is powered using the USB cable.

2. USB POWER CABLE: The USB power cable provides power to your Chromecast, One
end plugs into your Chromecast and the other end plugs into either a USB port on your
TV or the power supply.
3. POWER SUPPLY (OPTIONAL): The power supply is optional and can be used with
the USB cable to power to power your Chromecast if your TV does not have a USB port.
4. HDMI EXTENDER (OPTIONAL): The HDMI extender is optional and can be used if
your Chromecast does not fit directly into your TV. The HDMI extender may be used to
improve your Wi-Fi reception, and if recommended for your set up, you may see a
notification on your TV screen to use the extender. The HDMI extender should be
connected to the TV first, then to the Chromecast.
5.2 SETUP:
1. PLUG YOUR CHROMECAST INTO YOUR TV:
This step is self-explanatory, but good luck getting your Chromecast to work without
performing it. Plug the Chromecast into an HDMI port and its power cable into a USB port. If
your TV lacks a USB port, you can use a power adapter (not included) and plug it into the wall
instead. Turn your TV on, and select the appropriate input.

2. CONNECT YOUR COMPUTER TO YOUR WI-FI NETWORK:
You’ll need your computer and your Chromecast to be connected to the dame Wi-Fi network in
order to set it up, so boot up your computer ,and make sure it’s connected to the Wi-Fi network
you intend to use for streaming content.
3. VISIT THE CHROMECAST SETUP SITE:
At this point, your TV should be instructing you to visit chromecast/setup.

4. DOPWNLOAD THE CHROMECAST APP:
Follow the prompt to download and install the Chromecast app on your computer.
5. START CHROMECAST ON YOUR COMPUTER:
The Chromecast app should start automatically. If not, double-click the Chromecast shortcut on
your desktop, or navigate to the location where you installed it.

6. CHECK YOUR CODE:
At this point, both your TV and your computer will display a randomized Chromecast code.
Ensure that the two codes match, then click “That’s My Code.”
7. ENTER YOUR WI-FI CREDENTIALS:
On your computer, enter your Wi-Fi network’s password (its name should already be there, but
if not, enter that, too). You can also name your Chromecast, if you like.

8. GET THE GOOGLE CAST EXTENSION:
Follow the link to download the Google Cast extension. This will allow you to broadcast
content from your computer to your TV via Chromecast. Keep in mind that you will need the
Google Chrome browser to use this extension.
To install the Google Cast extension, simply click the “+Free” button. You will get a notification
once the installation is complete.

For everything else, you can mirror what you see on the small screen to the big screen. If you’re
on your laptop, you can cast any website in Chrome; and from your Android phone or tablet, you
can mirror your screen to the TV.
With Chromecast, your phone is your personalised remote control. You can use it to search and
browse, play, pause, rewind, control the volume and even make playlists. While casting, you’re
free to use your phone for other things. Your friends and family can cast to the TV using their
own phone or tablet too-with no additional setup required. Everyone can sit back and enjoy
together on the biggest screen in the home.

Chapter 6
CHROMECAST WORKING
The Chromecast works in two ways;
1.USE OF MOBILE APPS AND WEB APPS
 Use of local version of chrome browser.
 Supported apps: Android and iOS mobile apps.
 While using of other functions-
 User can answer phone call
 Can use other apps
 No disruption of playback.
2. TAB CASTING
 This beta feature can mirror most content from the web browser google chrome.
 The quality of the image depends on the processing power of the computer and minimum
system requirements apply to video streaming.

Chapter 7
SUPPORTED APPLICATIONS
At the time of Chromecast launch, four compatible apps were available: YouTube and Netflix
were supported as Android, iOS, and Chrome web apps; Google Play Music and Google Play
Movies & TV were also supported, but originally only as android apps.
The Google Cast software development kit (SDK), which gives developers a way of handling
“second-screen interactions” and making their apps Chomecast enabled, was released as a
preview. Google advised interested developers to create and test Chromecast-enabled apps, but
not distribute them until the company released the production version of the devices SDK. While
that admonition remained in force, Chomecast-enabled applications for Hulu Plus and Pandora
Radio were released in October 2013, and HBO GO in November.
The development framework has two components: a sender app and a receiver app, both of
which make use of API’s provided by the SDK.
The sender app is based on a vendors existing Android or iOS mobile app, or desktop Web app,
and provides users with content discovery and media controls, including the ability to select to
which device content is streamed. Under the hood, sender apps can detect receiver on the same
local network, establish a secure channel, and exchange messages.
The receiver app is a web app executing in a chrome browser-like environment resident on the
cast receiver device. Receiver apps of varying complexities can be developed depending on the
variety of content formats the app can play. For example, a simple receiver app might just play
HTML5 content, whereas custom receiver apps, which require more programming effort, can
take a variety of streaming protocols, including MPEG-DASH, HTTP Live Streaming, and the
Microsoft Smooth Streaming Protocol.

Chapter 8
LIST OF SUPPORTED APPS

Chapter 9
ADVANTAGES
 It’s the smallest device around: Unlike other set top boxes, the Chromecast up virtually
no space. If you have an open HDMI port and a place to plug in the power, you’ll never
even see the little device.
 Your phone is your remote: While remote controls have been one of the most beloved
technological advances of the 20th
century, they’re also very rudimentary and easy to lose.
We tend to be much better at keeping up with our phones. While Apple TV users can
download a remote app for the iPhone, the Chromecast remotes tend to be cross platform.
 More importantly, your app is your remote: With the Chromecast, your “remote
control” is the native app of whatever you’re watching rather than some direction pad and
set of buttons. It’s an app designed for mobile, and instead of clicking around a menu,
you’re picking your media from the app’s normal menus. It’s a much nicer experience.
While not every company does this perfectly, the big names like Netflix, Hulu, and
YouTube have done a good job. Note also that some devices like the Roku have
smartphones-based remote control apps, but few are terribly well designed.

Chapter 10
DISADVANTAGES
 Many apps are still missing: Want to watch Amazon Instant Video on your TV?
Sorry. You’re currently out of luck. Tab casting may be a decent solution if you want
to pull out a laptop, but not all apps are so lucky. The advent of the Chromecast SDK
means that we may see a flood of new options, but for now, there are still some areas
where it’s a waiting game.
 You have no physical remote: Yes, this very thing was listed as a feature in the
previous section, but it cuts both ways. If you have a member of the house that
doesn’t own a smartphone (for example, your children), it won’t be easy for them to
use the Chromecast.
 It lacks a native interface: One of the silent advantages to using a standalone
streaming box is that everyone can browse together. A big wall of Netflix movies is
visible to everyone in the room and each person can offer their input as you look for
something to watch. With a Chromecast, everyone has to crowd around the phone or
tablet to see what’s available, which isn’t exactly ideal.

Chapter 11
FUTURE SCOPE
Look out for an open SDK, international expansion and new devices from Google’s Chromecast
system over the coming year. The search giant is planning to bring its streaming dongle to a
number of international markets the idea is to persuade app publishers around the world to make
their apps Chromecast-compatible, so that users will be able to access more content using the
device.
There will be an expectation from consumers that any every app will be “castable” To that end,
an open SDK will be launched during 2017. Right now a preview is available to developers, but
it’s not yet possible to distribute apps with the functionality. The eventual goal is to make
Chromecast an ecosystem in its own right, persuading consumer electronics manufacturers to
build it in to devices as standard.
 Casting will be supported to more applications
 SDK (Software Development Kit) will be available to all developers.
 Bringing the Chrome casting technology to other devices.
 In future Android smartphones and tablet owners will be able to mirror their devices
screen to their televisions through Chromecast’s Android app.

Chapter 12
CONCLUSION
While there are plenty of alternatives out there to make an older television smart, Chromecast is
one of the most affordable yet functional. What it lacks in apps now is made up for by its support
for browser tab sharing. And the fact it works for both Android and iOS opens up its potential
user base even wider.
With a little time, after it is released internationally, it could be the new device developers can’t
ignore when making apps. Its simplicity of use makes Chromecast a viable upgrade for anyone
that enjoys streaming online video, music and photos.

REFERENCES
[1] Designing the Chromecast Out-of-Box Experience by: Noor Ali-Hasan
[2] Chromecast for business: Five smart Things to Stream on your Screen by Mathew Guay.
[3] Chromicise Available at mail to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromecast.
[4] Chromecast Deployment Guide, Release 7.6, First Published: March, 2014.
[5] CHROMECAST by Ryan Ferro, John marsh.

Chromecast Technology Report(HDMI dongal developed by google)

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