Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures into individual components through differences in how they interact with mobile and stationary phases. It was invented in 1901 by Mikhail Tswett and has since been improved. There are several types including paper, gas, thin-layer, and liquid chromatography, each using different stationary and mobile phases to separate substances like plant pigments, pharmaceuticals, environmental pollutants, and more.

2. What is Chromatography???
Chromatography is a technique that is used to separate
mixture into their components in order to analyze, identify,
purify and quantify the mixture or components.

3. History
 Mikhail Tswett invented chromatography in 1901
during his research on plant pigments.
 He used this technique to separate various plant
pigments such as chlorophylls, xanthophyll and
carotenes.
 Modern Chromatography techniques were developed by
Archer John and Richard Laurence during the 1940s and
1950s.

4. Terminology
 The mobile phase is the phase that moves in a definite
direction.
 An immobilized phase is a stationary phase that is
immobilized on the support particles, or on the inner wall of
the column tubing.
Retardation Factor, is the ratio of distance travelled .

5. Types of Chromatography
 Paper Chromatography
 Gas Chromatography
 Thin-Layer Chromatography
 Liquid Chromatography

6. Paper Chromatography
 In this chromatography , the stationary
phase is very uniform absorbent paper.
 The mobile phase is suitable liquid
solvent or mixture of solvents.

7. Gas Chromatography
Gas Chromatography is the common type of
chromatography used in analytical chemistry for
separating and analyzing components that can be
vaporized without decomposition .

9. Thin-Layer Chromatography
 TLC is a simple, quick and inexpensive procedure that
gives the chemist a quick answer as to how many
components are in a mixture
 Thin-layer chromatography can be used to monitor the
progress of a reaction, identify compounds present in a
given mixture

10. Liquid Chromatography
Liquid chromatography is a technique used to separate a
sample into its individual parts. This separation occurs
based on the interactions of the sample with the mobile
and stationary phases.

12. Real Life Examples For The Use
of Chromatography
 Pharmaceutical Company
 Hospital Uses
 Environmental Agency
 Manufacturing Plants
 Forensic Toxicolgy
 Biological application