Christian’s post: The case I chose to focus on for this discussion was Sonia's hard time adjusting to school. From the description, I have an understanding that Sonia is struggling in school due to a cultural/language barrier that sets her apart from her peers, as well as, having a hard time being away from her mother, or "comfort zone", which leads me to believe that she is also having trouble, and/or experiencing separation anxiety from the one's she is comfortable and feels safe with when going into a new environment or around other people.  While Sonia is in school, she is around new people and new influences. The reading acknowledges that, "peer acceptance during middle childhood plays an important role in a child's upbringing and self-esteem" (Wong et al., 2021). Sonia is nine years old, and is in that stage of development where making friends and building connections is prominent, though with some of the challenges she has (language barrier), this could impact her ability to follow through with establishing these key relationships in her early adolescent years. Other challenges that Sonia may struggle with is the feeling of isolation from feeling and/or being different than others, experiencing high levels of stress, and with how her situation is, she could potentially face the problem of struggling with self-identity or self-esteem issues. As far as stress goes, the textbook states that, "chronic stress has been found to significantly affect cognitive development by interrupting prefrontal cortex functioning--stress in children and adolescents can result in higher levels of depression and a lower sense of self-worth" (Wong et al., 2021). For psychosocial conflicts, based on Sonia's age, this places her in Erik Erikson's "Industry vs Inferiority" stage of development. "Industry" is described as children during this stage, developing a sense of competence with learning new skills and tasks (which is heavily influenced in a school type of environment). "Inferiority" is described when a child lacks confidence in doing certain tasks, which can result in negative feelings the child could experience. While Sonia is embracing this stage of development, she will learn to grow and will be challenged in certain ways because of her unique differences. Since Sonia has a language barrier, she will need support and recognition, not just from her home life, but from her school in order to have the right accommodations and aid to further adapt and be resilient. Having a counselor that is multilingual and can understand, encourage, and motivate Sonia would be a positive step in the right direction with the insecurities and challenges that she and her parents are facing. This change could benefit her situation with giving her concerned parents peace at mind while she is away, give Sonia the right help and attention she needs to thrive while at school, could help her social skills in trying to make friends and participate in group activities, and lastly, ...

1. Christian’s post:
The case I chose to focus on for this discussion was Sonia's
hard time adjusting to school. From the description, I have an
understanding that Sonia is struggling in school due to a
cultural/language barrier that sets her apart from her peers, as
well as, having a hard time being away from her mother, or
"comfort zone", which leads me to believe that she is also
having trouble, and/or experiencing separation anxiety from the
one's she is comfortable and feels safe with when going into a
new environment or around other people.
While Sonia is in school, she is around new people and new
influences. The reading acknowledges that, "peer acceptance
during middle childhood plays an important role in a child's
upbringing and self-esteem" (Wong et al., 2021). Sonia is nine
years old, and is in that stage of development where making
friends and building connections is prominent, though with
some of the challenges she has (language barrier), this could
impact her ability to follow through with establishing these key
relationships in her early adolescent years. Other challenges
that Sonia may struggle with is the feeling of isolation from
feeling and/or being different than others, experiencing high
levels of stress, and with how her situation is, she could
potentially face the problem of struggling with self-identity or
self-esteem issues. As far as stress goes, the textbook states
that, "chronic stress has been found to significantly affect
cognitive development by interrupting prefrontal
cortex functioning--stress in children and adolescents can
result in higher levels of depression and a lower sense of self-
worth" (Wong et al., 2021).
For psychosocial conflicts, based on Sonia's age, this places her
in Erik Erikson's "Industry vs Inferiority" stage of development.
"Industry" is described as children during this stage,
developing a sense of competence with learning new skills and
tasks (which is heavily influenced in a school type of

2. environment). "Inferiority" is described when a child lacks
confidence in doing certain tasks, which can result in negative
feelings the child could experience. While Sonia is embracing
this stage of development, she will learn to grow and will be
challenged in certain ways because of her unique differences.
Since Sonia has a language barrier, she will need support and
recognition, not just from her home life, but from her school in
order to have the right accommodations and aid to further adapt
and be resilient. Having a counselor that is multilingual and can
understand, encourage, and motivate Sonia would be a
positive step in the right direction with the insecurities and
challenges that she and her parents are facing. This change
could benefit her situation with giving her concerned parents
peace at mind while she is away, give Sonia the right help and
attention she needs to thrive while at school, could help her
social skills in trying to make friends and participate in group
activities, and lastly, could help educate her and other students
about the differences in cultural diversity amongst other
students. I feel that these suggestions would
greatly benefit Sonia with her education, as well as, help her
build and learn new ways of communication, social skills, and
embracing her cultural differences in how that ties into her
identity.
References
Wong, D. W., Hall, K. R., Hernandez, L. W. (2021). Counseling
Individuals Through the Lifespan. US: SAGE Publications, Inc.
kimberly’s post:
Chapter 18
1. In your own words, describe what privacy means and what
privacy protection companies should give employees.
Privacy means the right of the individuals to exert control over
their lives, which includes deciding who should and who
shouldn’t have access to their personal information.
Companies should give employees privacy when it comes to
their personal lives and should not be involved in it unless they

3. were invited into it. It is the company’s responsibilities to
protect the employee’s personal information. Everyone should
not have access to employee’s personal information, and it
should be locked and only access given to management and that
is only if it is necessary.
2. How has the World Trade Center tragedy affected workplace
privacy? What are the long-term implications of that?
The World Trade Center tragedy had an impact on workplace
privacy because the loss of staff the privacy was extremely
hindered.
One of the long-term implications will be employee’s
willingness to shift their emphasis from protecting their
workplace privacy to increasing their security. There is little
doubt that privacy will reemerge as a paramount concern once
employees begin to feel physically secure.
Chapter 19
3. Do you think racial inequality is caused by racism,
favoritism, or both?
I think that racial inequality is caused by both, favoritism, and
racism. Racism is defined by discrimination and prejudice
against another race. Favoritism is a display of partiality toward
a favored person or group. The combination of racism and
favoritism is what leads to racial equality. When you have
management that favor certain group of people based off their
race it may be viewed as racial discrimination.
4. Has the concept of diversity supplanted the concept of
affirmative action in leading companies today? Why or why
not?
No, I don’t think that the concept of diversity supplanted the
concept of affirmative action in leading to companies today.
The concepts of diversity and affirmative action are often
confused with each other, but there are substantial differences
between both. Although equal employment opportunity,
diversity, and affirmative action are all different, they are

4. interrelated. Each is directed to achieving equal opportunity in
the workplace. Diversity and affirmative action each broaden
the concept of equal employment opportunity in different ways.
Together, diversity, equal employment opportunity and
affirmative action provide a strong foundation for the
company’s efforts to achieve a fair and inclusive workplace.
shanice’s post:
Chapter 18
1.In your own words, describe what privacy means and what
privacy protection companies should give employees.
Privacy is the capability to have your own property and your
body remains within and unseen by others organizations should
protect the privacy of their workers or employees the right and
freedom not to be monitored unless it is important and workers
should be adequately informed when they are being monitored
and surveyed. organizations should also not involve themselves
in the personal affairs' of their employees unless they are made
aware.
2. How has the World Trade Center tragedy affected workplace
privacy? What are the long-term implications of that?
World Trade Center tragedy affected workplace privacy because
it has caused workplace privacy to decline in the wake of
September 11th and raise issues on employee privacy since
Bosses are now more willing to sacrifice their workers' privacy
in the name of safety. The long-term implications are that this
behavior can cause employees to fail to be loyal. They may
interpret the measures to safeguard as distrust since they start to
see them as "Big Brothers" guarding over them and everything
they do someone is watching. Also, it can drive litigation to be
brought upon very nervous employers since several view
monitoring practices as an assault upon constitutional rights;
hence employers should grant them the freedom of not being
monitored unless necessary.
Chapter 19
3. Do you think racial inequality is caused by racism,

5. favoritism, or both?
This is because racism is discriminations depending on the skin
color of the individual. on the other side, favoritism will come
into action when the two parties having personal friendship or
even due to any bad agreement such as corruption. because
racial inequality is caused by racism which is discriminations of
people based on their race, and skin color we therefore can
conclude that racial inequality is related to racism.
4. Has the concept of diversity supplanted the concept of
affirmative action in leading companies today? Why or why
not?
Diversity at work places refers to the composition of different
traits towards meeting envisaged organizational goals. In a
company an affirmative action refers to practice of favoritism.
The concept of diversity is more dominant compared to an
affirmative action in the current organizational standards. In the
current dispensation in management diversity is promoted in the
context on the company. Through diversity a company
inculcates innovation. Innovation encourages competitiveness in
the industry. Through diversity new ideas are developed which
encourages sustainability in the organization. Retention can be
achieved through diversity which provides the company with
ability to innovate and satisfy segmented consumers.
Affirmative action is not considered an option in the current
management of organizations to meet envisaged goals due to its
shortcomings.
Essay Prompt How to Guide
Instructions
Choose a topic you are interested in.
Choose a question or prompt over the topic

6. You can use one of the ones I provided or make your own.
Make sure it isn’t too broad. Since you will only be writing 750
words, it will be harder to answer a big question.
3. Write a thesis statement answering the question and
providing an overview of what your essay will be about.
The best way to do this is to decide how you want to answer the
question and find some historical evidence to prove it
Then organize the different pieces evidence into groups to help
you build a solid argument and prove your point
In your thesis statement, you don’t need to give every example,
but use the groups you identified as a foundation or sneak peak
into what your essay will say.
Note:
This is just a working thesis, so that I can have an idea of what
you will be writing about, and to help you organize your
thoughts. However, it is okay to change things around as you
research and write, and your final thesis may be different than
your original. That is okay.
Examples
This is what your thesis your turn in should look like. It should
include your topic and question, as well as your working thesis.
(without the comments. I added those in case you need some
help with writing your own thesis)
EX 1:
Prompt : Was Andrew Jackson an effective president, or did he
create more problems than he solved?
Thesis: Andrew Jackson, once revered as a hero of the common

7. man, has been considered controversial since his days as
president. Although he did much to expand democracy, his
abuse of his executive power, treatment of minorities, and poor
financial decisions left behind a presidential legacy of economic
and political turmoil; therefore, he was an ineffective president.
Comment by Kasey Collins: These are my groups or
examples. In my essay I would provide examples of him abusing
his executive power, his poor treatment of minorities and
financial decisions. Here I am just showing a sneak peak into
what the essay will say Comment by Kasey Collins: This is
my answer to the question
EX 2:
Prompt: Why was the War of 1812 considered a success? Why
or why not?
Thesis: Even though the War of 1812 technically ended without
a clear winner, the war had an important impact on America.
Throughout the war, the United States effectively ended British
intervention in American affairs, and demonstrated the ability to
hold her own against one of the world’s greatest super powers,
ultimately thrusting America into a position of power in the
eyes of other countries and a period of patriotism and peace
within the country.
Comment by Kasey Collins: These are my examples to
prove my answer. In the essay I would elaborate on these by
providing specific examples Comment by Kasey Collins: This
is my answer to the question. The war was a a success because
it let to being a world power and a time of peace
EX 3:
Prompt: What role did women play in the early Nineteenth
Century reform movements? Were these movements successful?

8. Thesis: The nineteenth century saw a wave of reform
movements, many of them led by and for women. Although the
major women’s movements of the era failed to see immediate
success, the strong leadership, social collaboration, and
dedication to promoting their causes, like women’s rights and
temperance, paved the way for future generations to take the
banner and achieve the goals of those who established the
movements. Comment by Kasey Collins: This is part of my
answer to the question Comment by Kasey Collins: Here are
my examples and/or evidence that I would elaborate on to prove
my answer. Comment by Kasey Collins: This is my other
part of the answer