The document provides an introduction to the Internet, including: (1) It describes how the Internet has revolutionized communication and business by allowing people to work and do business globally. (2) It explains the origins of the Internet from research networks in the 1960s and the development of TCP/IP that allowed computers to connect. (3) It outlines some common applications and uses of the Internet including email, chatting, online marketing and business transactions.

1. Chirag Sharma
X-B
5
Topic=Introduction To
INTERNET?

2. Introduction To Internet
The Term INTERNET has changed the way millions of people
work and do business across the world. It has brought about a
revolutionary transformation in the field of science and
information technology. Today wherever we go, we frequently
interact with this term and see the different types of
advantages , such as mailing letter around the world, talking
or chatting with different people, marketing the goods and
making different types of business transaction on the Internet.
The term INTERNET is a blend of two words, INTERNATIONAL
and NETWORK, with ‘Inter’ from International and ‘Net’ from
Network. It means, Internet is a web of network of many
computer around the world. Internet is nothing but a world
wide network where many small networks have joined
together. That is why Internet is also called Networks of
network.

3. Origin To INTERNET
In late1960s,researchers started experimenting with
linking computer to computer and people under the
auspices of the Advanced Research Project
Agency(ARPA) an agency funded by the U.S.
Department of Defence. The outcome of their research
effort gave them and the world what is now on the lips
of everybody as ‘INTERNET’. Internet connects
computers to computers through Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Later-mail its was
developed as a result of its success for wider use and
saving of time. Now, Internet is the largest network
world wide and more than 8 million computers are
already connected to this network.

4. What is Internet?
INTERNET is an inter-connection between several computers of different
types belonging to various networks all over the globe. It has been
right called a Network of network.
The term ‘Network’ is defined as the interconnection of various
dumb terminals having one server(main) system.
Network is the attachment of various network together.
A terminal is a computer of network which does not contain any
hard disk.

5. Salient Feature of Internet
are:
Gust as one cannot think of Internet without thinking of
the computer, it is the Internet , in turn, which has
increased manifold the popularity of the computer..
Application Of Internet
a)One can seek jobs in India or
abroad best suitable to one’s
qualification in a short time,
without going anywhere.
b)Nowadays, it has become easier to
find one’s life partner by using

6. User Of Internet
Undoubtedly, everybody who can watch the television or who
can type on the typewriter and read and understand simple
English can be an Internetuser. And one who can use the
telephone, can also use Internet.
In fact, Internet is very easy to use because one need not learn
commands or learn any specific computer language. If one
can understand simple English word and react to them, one
can use Internet.
Given below is a table by which we can better
understand how Internet is helpful to various types
of professional or persons.

7. Internet User Use
Student= can gather information or reading material on
different subject according to their needs. Even rare
information or pictures which cannot be found in any books,
can be found Internet.
Children= Children love chat with their friends and are
interested in making new friends, specially in other countries.
They also like to play on-line games. They can do both these
on Internet.
Housewives= Can chat with hubbies when they are on tour
and can slash down the STD, ISO bills. They can also attend
Cookery, Decoration, Art & Craft and other on-line courses,
and consult the experts.
Businessmen= Have multifarious advantages of using
Internet. They can sell their products and services on-line and
without opening showroom at different cities and countries.
They can even give demo on computer and make new
customer and client.

8. • Doctors= Doctors can consult their serious on-line for
analysing or studying cases of typical patient and can get
guidance and expert opinion to give treatment to their
patient. They can also work as Medical Consulants offering
on-line services.
• Scientists= Are very much dependent on the computer with
Internet. They collect data from different agencies world-
wide, and can use the same to find scientific solution of
problems. For examples, they can get current pictures taken
through the satellite and use for analysis/ experiments.
• Office Secretaries= Are using Internet to send and receive e-
mails and have instant communicatation with associates and
client. The document sent or received by Internet is just like
fax, so it is used as an evidence also.

9. Advantages of Internet
The following are main advantages of Internet:
(i). Internet acts as a network where different organization can
use it to link their offices and employees to access for a
variety of information.
(ii). Internet acts as a medium which serves as a communication
channel for the business-oriented people dealing with
product marketing to corporate communications.
(iii). Internet acts as a vast virtual market place, where one can
buy and sell any goods from the market. We can ever
advertise our products.

10. How to make Internet Operational?
To start Internet and make it fully operational on PC, the following points must be kept
in mind:
(1) Preferably, we should have a Pentium Processor with 64 Mb or more memory
(RAM).
(2) The operating system like WINDOWS 98/2000/XP with CD-ROM must be
installed in our PC.
(3) To safeguard against the virus problem on the Internet, we must load an Anti Virus
Software on our system.
(4) A modem must be connected to our system which should have a speed of33.6kbps
(Kilo bytes per second ).
(5) A Telephone connection must be there to connect the Internet.

11. Internet Protocol (IP) Addressing
System
The Internet has more than million computers attached to it, from which
arises the need of a proper addressing system for communicating. This
system of addressing is called the Internet Protocol (IP) addressing
system. Each computer on the network is called a host, and has a name
and a number that identifies it The I P addressing system uses two types
of addressing system:
(1). Letter Addressing system; and
(2). Number addressing system.

12. Accessing Internet
A proper access of the Internet depends on two things:
1. The user’s interface connecting; and
2. The installed browser.
Different networks provide different kinds of services and connections.
The type of connection chosen by a user will depend on the purpose for
which the user intends to use the Internet.
1.Dedicated Access
2. Dial-up Access

13. Modem
Modem is a short name for ‘Modulation Demodulation’. It is a connecting device
which helps in connecting digital signals and vice-versa. We know that, to
connect to the Internet or to communicate with any other computer on-line,
we need a modem, a telephone line and a PC. Here PC understands digital
signals whereas telephone lines are designed to carry analog signals. So,
modem was invented to convert digital signals into analog from that allows
them to travel over telephone lines. At the same time, a modem at the
other end of the line can understand and convert the analog signals back
to digital from that a computer can understand.

14. External
Modem
The External Modem looks like a plastic box and it is connected to the
system unit like printer and other peripherals. This can be removed from
one computer and connected to the other computer easily.
Internal Modem
Internet Modem is just like a circuit-board which is fixed in the system
unit. It cannot be removed from one computer to be used in the other
computer so easily. However, Internet Modem is cheaper than External
Modem.

15. World Wide Web (WWW)
The Internet component that is currently drawing much attention is the WORLD
WIDE WEB (WWW). WWW is a series of servers that are interconnected
through hypertext.
The concept of WWW came in the mind of Tim Berners Lee, an engineer by profession,
who had the idea of creating an electronic web of research information. In the
1980, he developed a programming language called Hyper Text Markup Language
(HTML) on which the web is based. Early web pages contained only text but due
to rapid development in technology, the web pages now contain pictures and other
multimedia elements in addition to text.
WWW or W3 is a graphical Internet services which provides a network of interactive
documents and the software to access them. It is composed of different components.
HTML is one of those component of World Wide Web.

16. The World Wide Web is non-linear. There is no top, there is no bottom. Non-
linear means we do not have to follow a hierarchical path to information
resources.
We can do the following:
(1). Jump from one link (resource) to another.
(2). Go directly to a resource if we know the URL, Le., its address.
(3). Jump to specific parts of a documents.
There are many more advantages of WWW which can be listed as follows:
(1). It creates a link in a web document which is used to open documents.
(2). In WWW, a web page can contain pictures, buttons and even links to sound
files with text thus creating multimedia application.
(3). With the help of sophisticated web document in the WWW, the users may
be allowed to interact with the application through dialog boxes and forms.

17. Common Terminologies
Some of the most frequently used terms related to WWW are as under:
Web Servers
Web Server is a place where the web pages reside. It is such a software
programme that uses the TCP/IP network protocol to transmit data to
and from WWW browser. World Wide Web servers are information
provides. These are also used to refer to the computer that runs the
server Programs.
Some popular Web Servers available around us are the following:
(1). Internet Information Server (liS) from Microsoft.
(2). Fast Track From Netscape.
(3). Intra Netware from Novell.

18. Hyper Text Markup Language
(HTML)
The World Wide Web (WWW) has changed the way millions of people
work in the world. The HTML or Markup Language is at the heart of
the web. HTML is a language that is easy to write, easy to understand
and highly portable. It is defined as the encoding scheme that is used to
create and format a web document.
Origin of HTML
Html is not an invention but an improved version of stand Generalized Mark
Language (SGML). In 1990, Tim Berners Lee at CERN designed the
original HTML document type.

19. Communicate in Real Time
• In the last few years, the Internet has been hit by a wave
of real-time communication. The processes of getting
information, talking to others, and collaborating with
colleagues no longer require a waiting period.
Chatting
• At some point, you may want to remove the time delay
between sending and receiving e-mail. You may want to
converse directly with another person or have the ability to
address a group of people.
• Today the most popular chatting services and tools are IRC
and ICQ.

20. What Is IRC and How Does It
Work?
• IRC (Internet Relay Chat) was developed in
the late 1980s by Jarkko Oikarinen. It
consists of a network of chat servers located
all over the globe. Each server is connected
via the network, allowing users to have real-
time communications.
• Using IRC, large groups of people can
simultaneously participate in discussion
groups, called channels.
• A user's message is instantly viewed by all
the other guests in that channel.

21. • IRC poses no restrictions to the number of users. Tens of thousands of people
connect to IRC everyday to discuss everything from world news to what they
had for dinner last night.
• If you can't find a channel for your topic of discussion, you can always start
your own.
• Actually, a few separate networks make up IRC. The two biggest are EFnet
and Undernet. Some channels are shared by both, whereas other channels reside
on only one of the networks. Because of the network connections to either
EFnet or Undernet, you don't have to connect to the same server every time.
Try connecting to the one that is geographically closest to you. Doing so may
make your connection faster.

22. • FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is the one of the most important and
popular protocols used in Internet. Any two computers from any two
parts of the world can be connected to each other through FTP in
order to send, get any file to/from each other.
• You can use standard FTP commands in order to connect to an FTP
server, then you may upload (send) or download (get) any file
to/from this server (if you familiar with the command set of FTP).
• If you do not know FTP commands, you may use any FTP tools (e.i.:
Cute-FTP, Bulletproof- FTP) or a new generation web browser
which is supporting FTP (e.i.: Internet explorer, Netscape
Navigator, …) for this purpose.

23. • Most of the FTP servers require user accounts with passwords in
order to allow their users to connect themselves.
• FTP servers may allow foreign users to login (connect themselves)
as anonymous user with limited rights.

24. • World Wide Web (WWW) is going to be the most effective and the
cheapest publishing environment of today (it is competing with TV
now).
• Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is a language that forms the
documents in order to published in the WWW environment.
• Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a protocol, that is used
for transferring HTML pages from WEB servers to the clients
browsers.

25. Ames of Internet
 National Quake Teams (Play with other users)
 Bots (Play with computer characters that they have artificial intelligence)
Music on Internet
 RealAudio, Radio station on Internet, …
Video on Internet
 RealVideo, EmblazeVideo, Internet TV, …
Video Conferencing
 With the help of a small, inexpensive camera, and the right software on your
computer, you can conduct face-to-face business and personal meetings right
over the Internet.

26. • For an organization or individual who has contacts spread out over a large
geographic area but who needs face-to-face contact with them on a
regular basis, video conferencing is very useful.

27. Thank you