This document discusses osmosis and reverse osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. Reverse osmosis uses pressure to reverse this flow and purify water, removing ions, molecules and particles. It explains how reverse osmosis works and its uses in water purification, especially desalination. Advantages include effective water softening and filtration but disadvantages are it requires a lot of energy and produces demineralized water.

1. CHEMISTRY
PROJECT
PPT VISUALISATION

3. OSMOSIS AND REVERSE OSMOSIS

4. TOPICS
1. Introduction
2. Uses in daily life (applications).
3. Appearance in latest technology.
4. Advantages and Disadvantages.

5. Osmosis is a specialized type of diffusion
that describes the movement of water
molecules. Osmosis occurs when you have
membrane with unequal concentrations of
water molecules on either side. Water
molecules will diffuse across the membrane
until equilibrium is reached.
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification
process that uses a partially permeable
membrane to remove ions, unwanted
molecules and larger particles from drinking
water.

6. OSMOSIS :
 When you keep raisin in water and the raisin gets puffed.
 Movement of salt-water in animal cell across our cell membrane.
 Plants take water and mineral from roots with the help of Osmosis.
 If you are there in a bath tub or in water for long your finger gets pruned. Finger skin
absorbs water and gets expanded.
REVERSE OSMOSIS :
 Applying an external pressure to reverse the natural flow of pure solvent, thus, is
reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis is most commonly known for its use in drinking
water purification from seawater, removing the salt and other effluent materials from
the water molecules.

7. Reverse osmosis (RO) treatment systems
use membrane technology to provide
superior water purification. As the water
industry looks to alternative water sources to
provide both potable water and water that
can be used for industrial and agricultural
purposes, RO seems to be an obvious
treatment solution, and the market is
expected grow at a significant rate over the
next several years.
Reverse Osmosis filtration system works by
forcing water through a special fine
membrane to eliminate impurities that may
not be visible to the naked eye. These
membranes remove impurities based on their
size and shape. An RO purifier is equipped to
filter toxins such as lead, mercury, arsenic,
chlorine, and fluoride.

8. ADVANTAGES:
 It is the best method for water softening.
 No ion particles can be allowed to enter through the semipermeable membrane.
 Simple maintenance. Maintenance can be done when the machine is still operational.
DISADVANTAGES:
 A lot of energy is required for the entire process.
 There is a lot of pressure that is needed so that deionization can occur.
 The water becomes acidity because it has been deionised of all its mineral content. It is
not advisable drinking water from the process because naturally, the water must
possess some minerals which help in the functioning of the body.