The document discusses various methods of purification in chemistry, focusing specifically on distillation techniques. It outlines three main types: fractional distillation, distillation under reduced pressure, and steam distillation, detailing their processes and applications. Acknowledgments are made to contributors, resources, and supportive figures throughout the project.

1. C H E M I S T R Y P R A C T I C A L P P T .
METHODS OF
PURIFICATION
D I S T I L L A T I O N

2. NAME- MANIK MAURYA
CLASS- 11
SECTION- S1
ROLL NO.- 21
SUBJECT- CHEMISRTY(ORGANIC)
TOPIC- DISTILLATION PURIFICATION
SUBMITTED TO- RESPECTED, Mr. SHAILENDRA SINGH
INTRODUCTION

3. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those
who contributed to the successful completion of this
chemistry practical project. Special thanks to my
dedicated teacher and mentor Sir Shailendra Singh for
their unwavering support and collaborative efforts
throughout the experimental process. I am also thankful
for the resources and facilities provided by the laboratory
staff, which greatly facilitated our experiments.
Additionally, I acknowledge the assistance received from
fellow classmates and friends who offered valuable
suggestions and feedback.
Finally, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my
family for their encouragement and understanding
during the project. This journey would not have been
possible without the collective support of everyone
involved. Thank You
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

4. FRACTIONAL
CH3OH,
CH3COCH3,
CRUDE OIL, ETC.
SIMPLE
C6H6,
C6H5CH3,
C2H5OH, ETC. UNDER REDUCED
PRESSURE
GLYCEROL
(CONC. OF SUGAR)
THE PROCESS OF HEATING OF LIQUID INTO VAPOUR
AND THEN COOLING THE VAPOURS BACK INTO THE
LIQUID STATE IS CALLED AS DISTILLATION.
IT CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO 4 CATEGORIES:
DEFINITION
STEAM
MIX OF ORTHO
NITROPHENOL &
PARA NITROPHENOL

5. TYPES OF DISTILLATION
PURIFICATION
METHODS:
01FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
02DISTILLATION UNDER REDUCED
PRESSURE
03STEAM DISTILLATION

6. Fractional distillation is a process that separates a
mixture into its component parts, or fractions. The
process uses distillation to fractionate.
Fractional distillation is used in petroleum refineries,
petrochemical and chemical plants, and natural gas
processing plants. A common example of fractional
distillation in industries is the separation of various
components of crude oil. The order of separation is
determined by the boiling points of each component
in the mixture.
the steps of fractional distillation:
• Evaporation: Heat the crude oil until it evaporates.
• Condensation: The temperature is highest at the
bottom of the column.
• Collection: Collect the fractions.
FRACTIONAL
DISTILLATION

7. Distillation under reduced pressure, also known as
vacuum distillation, is a technique that separates
compounds based on their boiling points. It's used to
purify compounds that are difficult to distill at normal
pressures, or to save time and energy.
Distillation under reduced pressure works:
• A water aspirator or mechanical pump reduces
the pressure.
• The boiling points of liquids decrease at reduced
pressure.
• Organic compounds can be distilled at lower
temperatures.
• The liquid boils at a temperature lower than its
boiling point.
• The liquid doesn't degrade as it would otherwise.
DISTILLATION UNDER
REDUCED PRESSURE

8. Steam distillation is a process that separates water
from other volatile and non-volatile components. It's
a continuous distillation process that's useful for
removing temperature-sensitive solutes, like natural
aromatic compounds. Steam distillation involves
passing dry steam through plant material. The
volatile compounds in the steam are then volatilized,
condensed, and collected in receivers.
Steam distillation is a traditional technology for
extracting essential oils. It's also a method for
separating miscible liquid bases based on their
volatilities.
Steam distillation is an alternative method for
achieving distillation at temperatures lower than the
normal boiling point.
STEAM DISTILLATION
METHOD

9. WIKIPEDIA RESEARCH PAPER
ON METHODS OF
PURIFICATION OF ORGANICE
COMPOUNDS.
NCERT CLASS 11
TEXTBOOK FOR
CHEMISTRY PART 2
M.S. CHAUHAN ORGANIC
CHEMISRTY FOR CLASS 11TH,
TEXTBOOK OF GOC.
CHAT GPT
OPEN AI EDUCATION TOOL
CANVA PRESENTATION
EDITOR AND MS POWEROINT
BIBLIOGRAPHY

10. THANK YOU!