Different types of distillation

2.  Distillation is a technique frequently used to
separate and purify liquids. Distillation occurs when
a liquid mixture is heated until one of the
components of the mixture is vaporized and those
vapors are then condensed back to a liquid.

3. There are three types of Distillation :-
1) Simple Distillation
2) Steam Distillation
3) Fractional Distillation

4. Fractional distillation is the separation of
a mixture into its component parts, or fractions,
such as in separating chemical compounds by their
boiling point by heating them to a temperature at
which one or more fractions of the compound will
vaporize.
Fractional distillation should be used when the
boiling point differences between the two
components of the mixture is less than 25°C.

5. Fractional distillation :-
A conical flask is used as a receiving
flask. Here the distillation head
and fractionating column are combined
in one piece.

6. Places where Fractional Distillation is used are as
follows :-
• Oil refineries
• Making spirits
• & there are many other uses

7. • Probably the most well-known use of fractional
distillation occurs at crude-oil
refineries. Crude oil is a soup
of various hydrocarbons,
which are separated in giant
fractionating towers. Through
fractional distillation, a barrel
of crude oil produces gasoline, diesel fuel,
kerosene, lightweight alkenes such as
butane and propane, and a slew of
other substances.

9. • The alcohol in beer and wine is the product of fermenting
organic material such as grain. To produce a stronger
alcoholic liquid, you need to distill the alcohol from the
mixture. But grain alcohol, or ethanol, boils at 181
degrees Fahrenheit, while water boils at 212 degrees.
Simple distillation works only when there is about 75
degrees' difference in boiling points; if the difference is
less, the mixture won't separate properly. That's why
distilled spirits are produced through fractional
distillation.

11. • Other applications of fractional distillation include
isolating specific chemicals. Liquid nitrogen and liquid
oxygen are also performed through fractional distillation,
except that in this case, the mixture air is super cooled
rather than heated. Each fraction of air turns to liquid at a
different temperature.