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Crystallization 1.Evaporate slowly at  room temperature 2.Solution becomes more  and more concentrated  3.Solution becomes saturated  4.Solid crystals slowly grow in size After the removal of insoluble impurities, pure crystals of common salt can be separated out by crystallization.
water slowly evaporates at room temperature  Experiment 3.1 sodium  chloride crystals sea water more  concentrated solution solution saturated  with respect to sodium chloride sodium  chloride crystals Experiment 3.1 Example
Difference between  Crystallization & Evaporation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Difference between  Crystallization & Evaporation ,[object Object],[object Object]
sea water  water turns into vapour liquid in the cold receiver test tube  boiling condensing Isolation of pure water from sea water By  distillation ,   Learning tip
Distillation using  simple apparatus.   end of delivery tube should be  above  the distillate  delivery tube receiver test tube pure water (distillate) heat boiling tube clamp thermometer water (cooling agent) sea water anti-bumping granule (to prevent ‘bumping’ of solution) Distillation  at home
The distillation can also be carried out using ‘Quickfit’ apparatus. The solid left behind is called the  residue . The pure liquid that distils over is called the  distillate .
A set of ‘Quickfit’ apparatus.
Distillation using  ‘ Quickfit’ apparatus.   STSE connections   3.2 heat thermometer  pear-shaped flask  anti-bumping granule  solution  Liebig  condenser  receiver adaptor  test tube (as receiver) cold water in (from tap)   water out (to sink)   thermometer bulb distillate cold water  Experiment 3.2 Experiment 3 .2
Chemical Analysis Chemical analysis Chemical identity Chemical composition

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Chemistry Ch3 (26/11/2009)

  • 1. Crystallization 1.Evaporate slowly at room temperature 2.Solution becomes more and more concentrated 3.Solution becomes saturated 4.Solid crystals slowly grow in size After the removal of insoluble impurities, pure crystals of common salt can be separated out by crystallization.
  • 2. water slowly evaporates at room temperature Experiment 3.1 sodium chloride crystals sea water more concentrated solution solution saturated with respect to sodium chloride sodium chloride crystals Experiment 3.1 Example
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. sea water water turns into vapour liquid in the cold receiver test tube boiling condensing Isolation of pure water from sea water By distillation , Learning tip
  • 6. Distillation using simple apparatus. end of delivery tube should be above the distillate delivery tube receiver test tube pure water (distillate) heat boiling tube clamp thermometer water (cooling agent) sea water anti-bumping granule (to prevent ‘bumping’ of solution) Distillation at home
  • 7. The distillation can also be carried out using ‘Quickfit’ apparatus. The solid left behind is called the residue . The pure liquid that distils over is called the distillate .
  • 8. A set of ‘Quickfit’ apparatus.
  • 9. Distillation using ‘ Quickfit’ apparatus. STSE connections 3.2 heat thermometer pear-shaped flask anti-bumping granule solution Liebig condenser receiver adaptor test tube (as receiver) cold water in (from tap) water out (to sink) thermometer bulb distillate cold water Experiment 3.2 Experiment 3 .2
  • 10. Chemical Analysis Chemical analysis Chemical identity Chemical composition