study of contents of cold drinks.....
ideal for class 12 cbse students for their investigatory project.
pls send ur vauble feedacks to adilshamsudeen10@gmail.com
contact me @ 98476886**
wish u all good luck and have a nice day
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKETNishaanth Zurc
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into various
questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they
contain harmful pesticide, which arouse many interest in
knowing its contents because I have been drinking them
for years. I wanted to confirm that whether the charge
impose on these brands are true or not.
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON -
AIM:-
COMPARATIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET
PURPOSE:-
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into various questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they Contain harmful pesticide, which arouses many interests in knowing its contents because I have been drinking them for years I wanted to confirm that whether the charge imposed on these brands are true or not.
Another fact which inspired me to do this project is that I am in touch with qualitative analysis whose knowledge of other factors helped me to do so.
study of contents of cold drinks.....
ideal for class 12 cbse students for their investigatory project.
pls send ur vauble feedacks to adilshamsudeen10@gmail.com
contact me @ 98476886**
wish u all good luck and have a nice day
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKETNishaanth Zurc
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into various
questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they
contain harmful pesticide, which arouse many interest in
knowing its contents because I have been drinking them
for years. I wanted to confirm that whether the charge
impose on these brands are true or not.
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON -
AIM:-
COMPARATIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET
PURPOSE:-
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into various questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they Contain harmful pesticide, which arouses many interests in knowing its contents because I have been drinking them for years I wanted to confirm that whether the charge imposed on these brands are true or not.
Another fact which inspired me to do this project is that I am in touch with qualitative analysis whose knowledge of other factors helped me to do so.
Comparative study and qualitative analysis of different brands of cold drinksSaumyadeep Bora
It's a Comparative study and qualitative analysis of different brands of cold drinks available in the market and side effects of cold drinks consumption are discussed here
Chemistry IP 12th CLASS { content of cold drinks }avneesh1234
Topic:- content of cold drinks available in market CLASS XII
i faced a lot of difficulties to do this ip, atleast now u can be download and submit without any trouble
Chemisry project on content of cold drinksRam Mehra
Different types of cold drinks available on the Pontian market such as alcoholic drinks, Sprite, 100 Plus, Soya, Chrysanthemum Tea and Lemon Tea were analysed for its content (protein, vitamin C, alcohol, carbon dioxide, glucose, sucrose, pH value) with respective method
Chemistry word can be represented as C for chemistry, H for health, E for environment, M for medicines, I for industries, S for sciences, T for teaching, R for research and Y for you.
we are a living chemistry as we are made of chemicals only and there are a lot of chemical reactions going in our body.
Comparative study and qualitative analysis of different brands of cold drinksSaumyadeep Bora
It's a Comparative study and qualitative analysis of different brands of cold drinks available in the market and side effects of cold drinks consumption are discussed here
Chemistry IP 12th CLASS { content of cold drinks }avneesh1234
Topic:- content of cold drinks available in market CLASS XII
i faced a lot of difficulties to do this ip, atleast now u can be download and submit without any trouble
Chemisry project on content of cold drinksRam Mehra
Different types of cold drinks available on the Pontian market such as alcoholic drinks, Sprite, 100 Plus, Soya, Chrysanthemum Tea and Lemon Tea were analysed for its content (protein, vitamin C, alcohol, carbon dioxide, glucose, sucrose, pH value) with respective method
Chemistry word can be represented as C for chemistry, H for health, E for environment, M for medicines, I for industries, S for sciences, T for teaching, R for research and Y for you.
we are a living chemistry as we are made of chemicals only and there are a lot of chemical reactions going in our body.
These are the class 12 practicals held in cbse schools and it contains all the inorganic and organic salt tests in a simplified way and all the other experiments
chemistry project for class 12 on analysis of honeyRadha Gupta
this is a project for class 12 boards for chemistry subject on analysis of honey.it will be very helpful for students who are searching for chemistry project
Chemistry Investigatory project on "Study of constituents of an alloy"Swaroop Somanna
This is a CBSE class 12 Chemistry Investigatory Project on the topic "Study of constituents of an alloy".
THIS PROJECT HAS ALREADY BEEN SUBMITTED TO THE RESPECTIVE SCHOOL BY THE AUTHOR AND MUST NOT BE COPIED.
This project must only be used for idea gaining and reference purpose.
Many youngsters today are addicted to the cool refreshing beverages, the soft drinks. Recently, Soft drink brands have been put into various questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they contain harmful pesticide, which aroused our interest in knowing its contents because we have been drinking them for so many years. We wanted to confirm whether the accusations on the major soft drink brands are true or not. Hence we took up this project.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
3. It gives me a great
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
pleasure to express
my gratitude towards
our chemistry teacher
Mrs. Vrinda Joshi for
her guidance, support
and encouragement
throughout the
duration of the
project. Without her
motivation & help, the
successful completion
of this project would
not have been
possible.
4. PURPOSE
In recent days, soft drink brands
were put into various questions
regarding their purity. News
flashed that they contain harmful
pesticide, which arouse many
interest in knowing its contents
because I have been drinking
them for years. I wanted to
confirm that whether the charge
imposed on these brands are
true or not.
Another fact which inspired me
to do this project is That I am in
touch with qualitative analysis
whose knowledge with other
factors helped me to do so.
6. INTRODUCTION
The era of cold drinks began in 1952
but the industrialization in India marked
its beginning with launching of Limca
and Goldspot by parley group of
companies. Since, the beginning of cold
drinks was highly profitable and luring,
many multinational companies launched
their brands in India like Pepsi and
Coke.
Now days, it is observed in general that
majority of people viewed Sprite,
Miranda, and Limca to give feeling of
lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up
to activate pulse and brain.
7. THEORY
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc.
These soft
drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a
tangy taste
which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible
for the
formation of froth on shaking the bottle.
The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form
carbonic acid
which is also responsible for the tangy taste.
Carbohydrates are the
naturally occurring organic compounds and are major
source of
energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is
CX (H2O)Y.
8. On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are
classified as:Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides.
Glucose is a
monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free
State in
the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is
also
present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%.
Sucrose is one
of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely
distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of
many
plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which
contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about
10-17 %
sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It
is
produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is nonreducing
in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit
acidic
in nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their
pH
value. The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents
such as
citric acid and phosphoric acid.
9. APPARATUS
Test Tube
Test Tube Holder
Test Tube Stand
Stop Watch
Beaker
Burner
pH Paper
Tripod Stand
China Dish
Wire Gauge
Water Bath
10. CHEMICALS
REQUIRED
* Iodine Solution
* Potassium Iodine
* Sodium Hydroxide
* Fehling‟s A & B
Solution
* Lime Water
* Concentrated HNO3
* Benedict Solution
* Ammonium
Molybdate
11. DETECTION OF PH
EXPERIMENT
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were
taken in a test tube and put on the pH paper. The
change in the color of pH paper was noticed and was
compared with the standard pH scale.
OBSERVATION
SL.NO
NAME OF THE
DRINK
COLOUR
CHANGE
pH VALUE
1
COCA COLA
PINK
2.5-3
2
SPRITE
RED
3
3
LIMCA
PINKISH
4
4
FANTA
ORANGE
3-4
INFERENCE
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of
citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink
of different brands are different due to the variation in
amount of acidic contents.
12. TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE
EXPERIMENT
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one
the sample was passed through lime water. The
lime water turned milky.
OBSERVATON
SL.NO
NAME OF
THE
DRINK
TIME
TAKEN
(SEC.)
CONCLUSION
1
COCA
COLA
26.5
CO2 PRESENT
2
SPRITE
21
CO2 PRESENT
3
LIMCA
35
CO2 PRESENT
4
FANTA
36
CO2 PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in
water. The carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to form
carbonic acid, which is responsible for its tangy taste.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
Ca(OH) 2(s) + CO2 (g)
CaCO 3 (s) + H2O(s)
13. TEST FOR GLUCOSE
EXPERIMENT
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is
detected by the following test:1. BENEDICTS’S REAGENT TEST:Small samples of cold drinks of different brands
were taken in a test tube and a few drops of
Benedict‟s reagent were added. The test tube was
heated for few seconds. Formation of reddish color
confirmed the presence of glucose in cold drinks.
OBSERVATION
SL.NO
NAME OF THE
DRINK
OBSERVATO
IN
CONCLUSION
1
COCA COLA
REDDISH
COLOUR ppt
GLUCOSE
PRESENT
2
SPRITE
REDDISH
COLOUR ppt
GLUCOSE
PRESENT
3
LIMCA
REDDISH
COLOUR ppt
GLUCOSE
PRESENT
4
FANTA
REDDISH
COLOUR ppt
GLUCOSE
PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with
Benedict‟s reagent .Hence all the drinks contain
glucose.
14. 2. FEHLING’S SOLUTION TEST
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands
were taken in a test tube and a few drops of
Fehling‟s A solution and Fehling‟s B solution was
added
in equal amount. The test tube was heated in a
water bath for 10 minutes. Appearance of brown
precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in
cold drinks.
OBSERVATON
SL.NO
NAME OF THE
DRINK
OBSERVATO
IN
CONCLUSION
1
COCA COLA
REDDISH
BROWN ppt
GLUCOSE
PRESENT
2
SPRITE
REDDISH
BROWN ppt
GLUCOSE
PRESENT
3
LIMCA
REDDISH
BROWN ppt
GLUCOSE
PRESENT
4
FANTA
REDDISH
BROWN ppt
GLUCOSE
PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with
Fehling‟s (A & B) solutions. Hence all the cold
drinks contain glucose.
15. TEST FOR
EXPERIMENT
PHOSPHATE
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were
taken in separate test tubes and Ammonium
Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid
(HNO3)
was added to it. The solution was heated.
Appearance of canary-yellow precipitate
confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in cold
OBSERVATON
drinks. NAME OF THE OBSERVATOIN
CONCLUSION
SL.NO
DRINK
1
COCA COLA
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE
ppt
PRESENT
2
SPRITE
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE
ppt
PRESENT
3
LIMCA
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE
ppt
PRESENT
4
FANTA
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE
ppt
PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for
phosphate ions. Hence all the cold drinks contain
phosphate.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
NaHPO4 + 12(NH4)2MoO4
+ 21HNO3 + 3H+
(NH4)3PO4.12MoO3
+ 21HN4NO3 +
12H2O
16. TEST FOR ALCOHOL
EXPERIMENT
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were
taken in separate test tubes and Iodine followed by
Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
solution was added to each test tube. Then the test
tubes were heated in hot water bath for 30
minutes. Appearance of yellow colored precipitate
confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks.
OBSERVATON
SL.NO
NAME OF THE
DRINK
OBSERVATOIN
CONCLUSION
1
COCA COLA
YELLOW ppt
ALCOHOL
PRESENT
2
SPRITE
YELLOW ppt
ALCOHOL
PRESENT
3
LIMCA
YELLOW ppt
ALCOHOL
PRESENT
4
FANTA
YELLOW ppt
ALCOHOL
PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the cold drinks samples gave positive test for
alcohol. Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
CH3CH2OH + 4I2
+6NaOH
CHI3 + HCOONa
+ 5NaI + 5H2O
17. TEST FOR SUCROSE
EXPERIMENT
5 separate ml samples of each brand of cold drinks
were taken in china dishes and were heated very
strongly until changes occur. Black colored residue
left confirmed the presence of sucrose in cold
drinks.
OBSERVATON
SL.NO
NAME OF THE
DRINK
OBSERVATOIN
CONCLUSION
1
COCA COLA
BLACK
RESIDUE ppt
SUCROSE
PRESENT
2
SPRITE
BLACK
RESIDUE ppt
SUCROSE
PRESENT
3
LIMCA
BLACK
RESIDUE ppt
SUCROSE
PRESENT
4
FANTA
BLACK
RESIDUE ppt
SUCROSE
PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But
amount of sucrose varies in each brand of drink.
Fanta contains highest amount of sucrose.
18. RESULT
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that
the different brands of
cold drinks namely:
1. Coca Cola
2. Sprite
3. Limca
4. Fanta
All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate
and carbon dioxide. All cold drinks are acidic in
nature. On comparing the pH value of different
brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca is
least acidic of all the four brands taken.
CARBON DIOXIDE
Among the four samples of cold drinks taken,
Sprite has the maximum amount of dissolved
carbon dioxide and Fanta has the minimum
amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.
19. CONCLUSION
DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD
DRINKS are little more harmful than sugar
1. Soft drinks
solution. As they contain sugar in large amount
which cause problems in diabetes patients.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they
interfere with the body‟s natural ability to suppress
hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so
they are also harmful for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a
pH of 2.8. So they can dissolve a nail in about 4
days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the
commercial truck must use the hazardous matter
place cards reserved for highly conceive material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so
they are very harmful to our body.
USES OF COLD DRINKS
1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.
2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car
humpers.
3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent „detergent‟
to remove grease from clothes.
5. They can loose a rusted bolt.