This chemistry project examines the contents and adverse effects of soft drinks. Through a series of tests, the student found that four popular soft drinks brands (Coca Cola, Sprite, Limca, Fanta) contain glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate, and carbon dioxide. Coca Cola had the lowest pH (most acidic). While sugars provide energy, high intake through soft drinks can lead to health issues like diabetes and weight gain. Phosphoric acid damages tooth enamel and the acidic environment harms digestive organs. However, trace alcohol levels do not affect health. The project concludes that while soft drinks taste good, their acidic contents and high sugars have negative health consequences.

1. CHEMISTRY PROJECT
FILE
TOPIC - Adverse Effects of Contents of
Soft Drinks
SUBMITTED TO -
SUBMITTED BY – HARSH JAIN

2. CLASS – XII
SESSION – 2017-18
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that HARSH JAIN of CLASS XII of SHRI
KRISHNA PUBLIC SCHOOL, INDORE has completed his
project file under my guidance. He has taken proper care
and has shown utmost sincerity in completing this
project.
I certify that this project is up to my expectations and as
per the guidelines issued by C.B.S.E.
DEPARTMENTOFCHEMISTRY,
S.K.P.S. INDORE
SIGNATURE-___________________________
INVIGILATER’S- __________________________
SIGN

3. PRINCIPAL’S- ___________________________ SCHOOL’S STAMP
SIGN
ACKNOWLED
GEMENT
In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many
people have best owned upon me their blessings and
heart pledged support, this time I am utilizing to thank all
the people who have been concerned with the project.
Primarily, I would like to thank school’s principal SIR
PAUL and chemistry teacher , his
valuable guidance has been the ones that helped me
patch this project and make it full proof success his

4. suggestions and his instructions has served as a major
contributor towards the completion of the project.
Thanking you,
HARSH JAIN
CONTENTS
I. Aim of the project.
II. Introduction.
III. Theory.
IV. Apparatus required.
V. Detection of pH.
VI. Test for carbon dioxide.

5. VII. Test for glucose.
VIII. Test for phosphate.
IX. Test for alcohol.
X. Test for sucrose.
XI. Result.
XII. Conclusion.
XIII. Biblography.
Aim of the
project:-

6.  To study the adverse
effects of contents of soft
drinks
INTRODUCTION

7. After the exit of Coca-Cola and Pepsi Co.
from the Indian market in 1977, Gold
Spot, Limca and Thumbs up were
launched by the Parle Group
of Companies. Since the beginning, soft
drinks business was highly profitable
which lured multinationals, namely Coca-
Cola and Pepsi into to India. Over the
years they have launched many new
brands of soft drinks in the Indian
market. It is noted that majority of
people drink Sprite , Mirinda , Limca to
give them a feeling of lightness while
Pepsi, Thumbs Up, Coca-Cola activate the
pulse and brain.
THEORY

8. Soft drinks of different brands consist of alcohol, carbohydrates,
carbon dioxide, phosphate ions, etc. These soft drinks give a feeling of
warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste which is enjoyed by everyone.
Carbon dioxide is responsible for the formation of froth on shaking
the bottle. The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form
carbonic acid which is also responsible for the tangy taste.
Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic compounds and are
major source of energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates
is (CX(H2O)Y).On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are
classified as:-
 Monosaccharide
 Disaccharides
 Polysaccharides
Glucose is a monosaccharide with formula (C6H12O6).It occurs in free
state in ripened grapes, in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is
also present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%.
Sucrose is one of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is
widely distributed in nature
in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many plants. The main source of
sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar
beet which has about 10-17 % sucrose. The molecular formula of
sucrose is (C12H22O11). It is produced by a mixture of glucose and
fructose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Soft
drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can be measured by
finding their pH value. The pH values also depend upon the acidic
contents such as citric acid and phosphoric acid.
APPARATUS
REQUIRED

9.  Test Tube.
 Test Tube Holder.
 Test Tube Stand.
 Stop Watch.
 Beaker.
 Burner.
 pH Paper.
 Tripod Stand.
 China Dish.
 Wire Gauge.
 Water Bath.

10. DETECTION OF pH
RESULT:
Soft drinks tested were acidic in nature .Different pH levels
indicated that the acidic content in each brand was different
from the other. Cococola wasfound tobe most acidic

11. TEST FOR CARBON
DIOXIDE
RESULT:-
CO2 in the dissolved state was found in all the four soft drinks. CO2 is
responsible for the tangy taste in soft drinks.
CHEMICALREACTION:-
 Ca(OH)2(s)+CO2(g)
 CaCO3(s)+ H2O(s)

12. TEST FOR GLUCOSE
1. BENIDICT’SSOLUTIONTEST
EXPERIMENTOBSERVATIONINFERENCE
Small samples of each of the four soft drinks were taken in
test tubes and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added
to each. The test tube was heated for few seconds.
1. Coca cola reddish colour precipitate glucoseispresent.
2. Sprite reddish colour precipitate glucoseispresent.
3. Limca reddish colour precipitate glucoseispresent.
4. fanta reddish colour precipitate glucoseispresent.
RESULT
All the four samples contain glucose.
CHEMICAL REACTION:-
 2 CuSO4.5H2O + C6H12O6
 C6H12O7 + Cu2O + 2H2SO4 + 8 H2O

13. 2. FEHLING’S SOLUTION TEST
RESULT:-
All the four samples contain glucose.

14. CHEMICAL REACTION:-

15. TEST FOR
PHOSPHATE
RESULT:
All the four soft drinks contain phosphate.
CHEMICAL REACTION:-
 NaHPO4+ 12(NH4)2MoO4+ 21HNO3+ H2
 (NH4)3PO4.12MoO3+ 21HN4 NO3+ 12H2O+Na

16. TEST FOR ALCOHOL
RESULT:-
Traces of alcohol present in each of the four soft drinks.
CHEMICAL REACTION:-
 CH3CH2OH+4I2+6NaOH
 CHI3+HCOONa +5NaI + 5H2O

17. TEST FOR SUCROSE
RESULT:-
The four brands of soft drinks contain sucrose but the
amount of sucrose varies in each.
.
CHEMICAL REACTION:-
 C12H22O11 12C+11H2O.

18. RESULT
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the
different brands of soft drinks namely:
1. Coca Cola
2. Sprite
3. Limca
4. Fanta
contain glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and
carbon dioxide. All soft drinks are acidic in nature. On
comparing the pH value of different brands Coca Cola isthe most
acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the four brands taken.
CARBON DIOXIDE
Among the four samples of soft drinks taken, Sprite has the
maximum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and
Fanta has the minimum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.

19. CONCLUSION
Adverse Effects of Contents of Soft
Drinks
 GLUCOSE /SUCROSE
While sugar itself does not cause diabetes, high sugar intake
raises blood glucose levels, which can lead to a variety of
health problems including diabetes, high blood pressure, heart
disease and stroke.
High sugar content in soft drinks leads to weight gain.
The high amount of sugar consumed through soft drinks lead
to the development of bacteria that attack the teeth thus
aggravating dental problems.
 PHOSPHATE
High level of phosphorus in soft drinks can be especially
hazardous because the kidneys are less able to excrete
excess phosphorus, causing depletion of vital calcium. Excess
phosphorus is therefore, one of the major contributing
factors to the development of osteoarthritis.
Phosphoric acid in soft drinks easily dissolves tooth enamel.
The phosphoric acid and carbon dioxide combination makes
soft drinks highly acidic. This reacts with the acids already
present in the stomach to create a more acidic environment.

20. The phosphoric acid in soft drinks reacts with the
hydrochloric acid in the stomach, causing indigestion, gas and
bloating.
 ALCOHOL
Trace of alcohol found in soft drinks would not have any
noticeable effect on health.
 pH OF SOFT DRINKS
The pH of soft drink ranges from 2.5-3.4 which generates a
highly acidic environment in the stomach. Throughout the
digestive system that starts from the mouth and ends up at
the anus (liver, gall bladder and pancreas play the role of
accessory organs) only the stomach can resist an acidic
environment up to pH 2.0. But before the acidity of soft drink
reaches the stomach it passes through all the other organs
involved in the digestive system thus causing an abnormal
acidic environment. Hence the linings of the mouth, pharynx
and esophagus are highly sensitive to acids.

21. BLIOGRAPHY
1. Comprehensive Experimental Chemistry By V K Ahluwalia,
Sudha Raghav, Sudha Raghav
2. www.google.com
3. www.wikipedia.org
4. http://www.chem.sc.edu/analytical/chem321l/labs/expt8.pd
f
5. http://www.ffcr.or.jp/zaidan/FFCRHOME.nsf/7bd44c20b
0dc562649256502001b65e9/916cae3da5a8a11b49256f32
0018877f/$FILE/D282.pdf