this is a project for class 12 boards for chemistry subject on analysis of honey.it will be very helpful for students who are searching for chemistry project
Physics investigatory project for class 12 on the topic " to estimate charge induced on two styro foam / pith balls separated by a distance "
Just change the name and cover page.
Physics investigatory project for class 12 on the topic " to estimate charge induced on two styro foam / pith balls separated by a distance "
Just change the name and cover page.
TOPIC-To investigate the relation between the ratio of :- 1. Input and outpu...CHMURLIDHAR
TOPIC-To investigate the relation between the ratio of :- 1. Input and output voltage. 2. Number of turnings in the secondary coil and primary coil of a self made transformer.
This project contains topic "Effect of sodium carbonate on foaming capacity of Soap" with several observations to help class XII students for their projects.
Project is from the chapter Electrochemistry . Project is based on the rusting of iron when coupled with different metals . One of the easiest projects in chemistry.
Please do like , share and comment if my work helped you ;)
TOPIC-To investigate the relation between the ratio of :- 1. Input and outpu...CHMURLIDHAR
TOPIC-To investigate the relation between the ratio of :- 1. Input and output voltage. 2. Number of turnings in the secondary coil and primary coil of a self made transformer.
This project contains topic "Effect of sodium carbonate on foaming capacity of Soap" with several observations to help class XII students for their projects.
Project is from the chapter Electrochemistry . Project is based on the rusting of iron when coupled with different metals . One of the easiest projects in chemistry.
Please do like , share and comment if my work helped you ;)
These are the class 12 practicals held in cbse schools and it contains all the inorganic and organic salt tests in a simplified way and all the other experiments
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKETNishaanth Zurc
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into various
questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they
contain harmful pesticide, which arouse many interest in
knowing its contents because I have been drinking them
for years. I wanted to confirm that whether the charge
impose on these brands are true or not.
Comparative study and qualitative analysis of different brands of cold drinksSaumyadeep Bora
It's a Comparative study and qualitative analysis of different brands of cold drinks available in the market and side effects of cold drinks consumption are discussed here
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
chemistry project for class 12 on analysis of honey
1. CHOITHRAM SCHOOL
CHEMISTRY PROJECT:
ANALYSIS OF HONEY
SUBMITTED BY:
AKSHARA GUPTA
XII –C
GUIDED BY:
MRS.MANISHA SHARMA
2014
2. This is to certify that AKSHARA GUPTA of class 12th has
successfully completed the project work on chemistry, titled as
“ANALYSIS OF HONEY”, for class XII practical examination
of the Central Board of Secondary Education in the year 2014-
2015. It is further certified that this project is the individual work
of the candidate.
Principal SUBJECT TEACHER
MR.RAJESH AWASTHI Mrs.MANISHA SHARMA
3. I hereby declare that the project work entitled “ANALYSIS OF
HONEY” submitted to the "CHOITHRAM SCHOOL ", is a
record of original work done by me except of the experiments,
which are duly acknowledged, under the guidance of my
subject teacher “Mrs.MANISHA SHARMA” ma’am.
4. I would like to express my special thanks to our school
‘CHOITHRAM SCHOOL’, principal sir Mr. ‘RAJESH
AWASTHI’, to the management team of our school who gave
me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the
topic ANALYSIS OF HONEY, which also helped me in doing a
lot of Research and I came to know about so many new things.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends who
helped me a lot in finishing this project within the limited time.
THANKS AGAIN TO ALL WHO HELPED ME.
6. To analyze the
available honey for
presence of
different minerals
and carbohydrates.
7. APPARATUS
TEST TUBE
TEST TUBE STAND
BURNER
WATER BATH
CHEMICALS
FEHLING SOLUTION A
FEHLING SOLUTION B
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION
AMMONIUM OXALATE SOLUTION
AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
CONC.NITRIC ACID
POTASSIUM SULPHOCYANIDE SOLUTION
8. Honey, thick, sweet, super saturated
sugar solution manufactured by bees
to feed their larvae and for the
subsistence during winter.
Bee honey is composed of
fructose, glucose and water, in varying
proportions. It also contains several
enzymes and OILS. The color & flavor
depends on the age of the honey and
the sources of the nectar .It colored
honeys are usually of higher quality
than dark coloured honeys. Other high
grade honeys are made by bees from
orange blossoms, clover and Alfalfa. A
well known, poorer grade honey is
produced from buckwheat.
9. Honey has a fuel value of about 3307
cal/kg [1520 cal/ lbs]. It readily picks up
moisture from the air and is
consequently used as a moistioning
agent for Tobacco and in baking.
Glucose crystallizes out of honey on
standing at room temperature, leaving
on uncrystallized layer of dissolved
fructose. Honey to be MARKETED is
usually heated by a special process to
about 66oC [150.01 F] to dissolve the
crystals and is sealed to prevent
crystallization. The fructose in
crystallized honey ferments readily at
about 160C.
10. TEST FOR MINERALS:-
1. Test for Potassium:-
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube
and picric acid solution is added.
Yellow precipitate indicates the
presence of K+.
2. Test for Calcium:-
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube
and NH4Cl solution and NH4OH
solution are added to it. The solution is
filtered and to the filtrate 2ml of
ammonium oxalate solution is added.
White ppt. or milkiness indicates the
presence of Ca2+ ions.
11. 3. Test for Magnesium:-
2 ml of honey is taken in a test tube
and NH4Cl solution is added to it and
then excess of Ammonium phosphate
solution is added. The side of the test-tube
is scratched with a glass rod.
White precipitate indicates the
presence of Mg2+ ions.
4. Test for Iron:-
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube
and a drop of conc. HNO3 is added
and it is heated. It is cooled and 2-3
drops of Potassium sulphocyanide
solution is added to it. Blood red colour
shows the presence of iron.
12. TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES
1. Fehling`s test:
2ml of honey is taken in a test tube
and 1ml each of Fehling`s solution A
and Fehling`s solution B are added to
it and boiled. Red precipitate indicates
the presence of reducing sugars.
2. Tollen`s test:
2-3 ml of aqueous solution of honey is
taken in a test tube. 2-3ml of Tollen`s
reagent is added. The test tube is kept
in a boiling water bath for about ten
minutes. A shining silver mirror
indicates the presence of reducing
carbohydrates.
13. Substance taken: Honey
SL.
NO
TESTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1.
Test for
Potassium:-
Honey + Picric
acid solution
Yellow ppt.is
observed
Potassium is
present.
2.
Test for
Calcium:-
Honey + NH4Cl
soln. + NH4OH
soln. filtered +
(NH4)2C2O4
White ppt.or
milkiness is not
observed
Calcium is
absent.
3.
Test for
Magnesium:-
Honey+ NH4OH
(till solution
becomes alkaline)
+ (NH4)3Po4
White ppt.is not
observed
Magnesium
is absent.
14. 4.
Test for Iron:-
Honey+
conc.HNO3,
heated and
cooled, +
potassium
sulphocyanide
Blood red colour
is observed
Iron is
present.
5.
Fehling`s test:-
Honey + 1mL
each of Fehling`s
solution A and
Fehling`s solution
B
Red ppt. is
observed
Reducing
sugar is
present.
6.
Tollen’s test:-
Honey + 2-3mL
Tollen`s reagent,
test tube in water
bath for 10
minutes
Shining silver
mirror is
observed
Reducing
carbohydrate
is present
15. Potassium is present.
Iron is present.
Calcium is absent.
Magnesium is absent.
Honey contains reducing sugar.
