The document summarizes a chemistry project analyzing the contents of different cold drink brands. The student conducted qualitative analyses to test for various components in drinks like Coca Cola, Sprite, Limca and Fanta. Tests showed the drinks contained glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. Coca Cola had the lowest pH, making it the most acidic. Sprite had the most carbon dioxide while Fanta had the least. The conclusion discusses both advantages and disadvantages of cold drink consumption.
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON -
AIM:-
COMPARATIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET
PURPOSE:-
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into various questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they Contain harmful pesticide, which arouses many interests in knowing its contents because I have been drinking them for years I wanted to confirm that whether the charge imposed on these brands are true or not.
Another fact which inspired me to do this project is that I am in touch with qualitative analysis whose knowledge of other factors helped me to do so.
Comparative study and qualitative analysis of different brands of cold drinksSaumyadeep Bora
It's a Comparative study and qualitative analysis of different brands of cold drinks available in the market and side effects of cold drinks consumption are discussed here
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON -
AIM:-
COMPARATIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET
PURPOSE:-
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into various questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they Contain harmful pesticide, which arouses many interests in knowing its contents because I have been drinking them for years I wanted to confirm that whether the charge imposed on these brands are true or not.
Another fact which inspired me to do this project is that I am in touch with qualitative analysis whose knowledge of other factors helped me to do so.
Comparative study and qualitative analysis of different brands of cold drinksSaumyadeep Bora
It's a Comparative study and qualitative analysis of different brands of cold drinks available in the market and side effects of cold drinks consumption are discussed here
study of contents of cold drinks.....
ideal for class 12 cbse students for their investigatory project.
pls send ur vauble feedacks to adilshamsudeen10@gmail.com
contact me @ 98476886**
wish u all good luck and have a nice day
Chemistry IP 12th CLASS { content of cold drinks }avneesh1234
Topic:- content of cold drinks available in market CLASS XII
i faced a lot of difficulties to do this ip, atleast now u can be download and submit without any trouble
study of contents of cold drinks.....
ideal for class 12 cbse students for their investigatory project.
pls send ur vauble feedacks to adilshamsudeen10@gmail.com
contact me @ 98476886**
wish u all good luck and have a nice day
Chemistry IP 12th CLASS { content of cold drinks }avneesh1234
Topic:- content of cold drinks available in market CLASS XII
i faced a lot of difficulties to do this ip, atleast now u can be download and submit without any trouble
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKETNishaanth Zurc
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into various
questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they
contain harmful pesticide, which arouse many interest in
knowing its contents because I have been drinking them
for years. I wanted to confirm that whether the charge
impose on these brands are true or not.
Chemisry project on content of cold drinksRam Mehra
Different types of cold drinks available on the Pontian market such as alcoholic drinks, Sprite, 100 Plus, Soya, Chrysanthemum Tea and Lemon Tea were analysed for its content (protein, vitamin C, alcohol, carbon dioxide, glucose, sucrose, pH value) with respective method
Many youngsters today are addicted to the cool refreshing beverages, the soft drinks. Recently, Soft drink brands have been put into various questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they contain harmful pesticide, which aroused our interest in knowing its contents because we have been drinking them for so many years. We wanted to confirm whether the accusations on the major soft drink brands are true or not. Hence we took up this project.
Similar to Chemistry Investigatory for class 12th (15)
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
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Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
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Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
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This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
1. CHEMISTRY PROJECT
On Determination Of The
contents Of Cold Drinks
PROJECT PREPARED BY:
Anupam Anand
XII
Session : 2017-2018
Roll Number : 12111
Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1, Satna (M.P.)
2. AIM
COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF
COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET.
3. CERTIFICATE
This is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine
investigation work has been carried out to investigate
about the subject matter and the related data
collection and investigation has been completed
solely, sincerely and satisfactorily by Anupam of
CLASS XII A, Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1, Satna
(M.P.) , regarding his project titled
“Determination of the Contents of Cold Drinks”.
Teacher’s Signature
4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincere
thanks to My Chemistry Teacher Mrs. Amrit Kaur
in providing a helping hand in this project. Their
valuable guidance, support and supervision
all through this project titled
“Determination of the Contents of Cold Drinks”,
are responsible for attaining its present form.
Anupam
XII
5. PURPOSE
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into
various questions regarding their purity. News
flashed that they contain harmful pesticide, which
arouse many interest in knowing its contents because
I have been drinking them for years. I wanted to
confirm that whether the charge imposed on these
brands are true or not.
Another fact which inspired me to do this project is
that I am in touch with qualitative analysis whose
knowledge with other factors helped me to do so.
6. CONTENTS
I. Introduction
II. Theory
III. Apparatus
IV. Chemicals Required
V. Detection of pH
VI. Test for Carbon Dioxide
VII. Test for Glucose
VIII. Test for Phosphate
IX. Test for Alcohol
X. Test for Sucrose
XI. Result
XII. Conclusion
7. INTRODUCTION
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the
industrialization in India marked its beginning with
launching of Limca and Goldspot by parley group of
companies. Since, the beginning of cold drinks was
highly profitable and luring, many multinational
companies launched their brands in India like Pepsi
and Coke.
Now days, it is observed in general that majority of
people viewed Sprite, Miranda, and Limca to give
feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to
activate pulse and brain.
8. THEORY
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft
drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste
which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the
formation of froth on shaking the bottle.
The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid
which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the
naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of
energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is
CX (H2O)Y.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:-
Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is a
monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in
the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also
present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one
of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely
distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many
plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which
contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 %
sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It is
produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing
in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic
in nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their pH
value. The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such as
citric acid and phosphoric acid.
9. APPARATUS
Test Tube
Test Tube Holder
Test Tube Stand
Stop Watch
Beaker
Burner
pH Paper
Tripod Stand
China Dish
Wire Gauge
Water Bath
11. DETECTION OF PH
EXPERIMENT
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube
and put on the pH paper. The change in the color of pH paper was noticed
and was compared with the standard pH scale.
OBSERVATION
SR. NO.
NAME OF THE
DRINK
COLOUR
CHANGE
pH VALUE
1 COCA COLA PINK 2.5-3
2 SPRITE RED 3
3 LIMCA PINKISH 4
4 FANTA LIGHT ORANGE 3-4
INFERENCE
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid and
phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of different brands are different due
to the variation in amount of acidic contents.
12. TEST FOR CARBON
DIOXIDE
EXPERIMENT
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the sample was passed
through lime water. The lime water turned milky.
OBSERVATON
SR.
NO.
NAME OF THE
DRINK
TIME TAKEN
(SEC.)
CONCLUSION
1 COCA COLA 26.5 CO2 IS PRESENT
2 SPRITE 21 CO2 IS PRESENT
3 LIMCA 35 CO2 IS PRESENT
4 FANTA 36 CO2 IS PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbon
dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is responsible
for its tangy taste.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) ----------- CaCO3(s) + H2O(s)
13. TEST FOR GLUCOSE
EXPERIMENT
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following
test:-
1. BENEDICTS’S REAGENT TEST:-
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube
and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added. The test tube was heated
for few seconds. Formation of reddish color confirmed the presence of
glucose in cold drinks.
OBSERVATON
SR.
NO.
NAME OF THE
DRINK
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
1 COCA COLA
REDDISH COLOUR
PRECIPITATE
GLUCOSE IS
PRESENT
2 SPRITE
REDDISH COLOUR
PRECIPITATE
GLUCOSE IS
PRESENT
3 LIMCA
REDDISH COLOUR
PRECIPITATE
GLUCOSE IS
PRESENT
4 FANTA
REDDISH COLOUR
PRECIPITATE
GLUCOSE IS
PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict’s reagent.
Hence all the drinks contain glucose.
14. 2. FEHLING’S SOLUTION TEST
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube
and a few drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B solution was added
in equal amount. The test tube was heated in a water bath for 10 minutes.
Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in cold
drinks.
OBSERVATON
SR.
NO.
NAME OF THE
DRINK
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
1 COCA COLA
REDDISH BROWN
PRECIPITATE
GLUCOSE IS
PRESENT
2 SPRITE
REDDISH BROWN
PRECIPITATE
GLUCOSE IS
PRESENT
3 LIMCA
REDDISH BROWN
PRECIPITATE
GLUCOSE IS
PRESENT
4 FANTA
REDDISH BROWN
PRECIPITATE
GLUCOSE IS
PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling’s (A & B)
solutions. Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.
15. TEST FOR PHOSPHATE
EXPERIMENT
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes
and Ammonium Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3)
was added to it. The solution was heated. Appearance of canary-yellow
precipitate confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks.
OBSERVATON
SR.
NO.
NAME OF
THE DRINK
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
1 COCA COLA
CANARY-YELLOW
PRECIPITATE
PHOSPHATE IS
PRESENT
2 SPRITE
CANARY-YELLOW
PRECIPITATE
PHOSPHATE IS
PRESENT
3 LIMCA
CANARY-YELLOW
PRECIPITATE
PHOSPHATE IS
PRESENT
4 FANTA
CANARY-YELLOW
PRECIPITATE
PHOSPHATE IS
PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate ions. Hence all
the cold drinks contain phosphate.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
NaHPO4 + 12(NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3 + 3H+ ---------- (NH4)3PO4.12MoO3
+ 21HN4NO3 + 12H2O
16. TEST FOR ALCOHOL
EXPERIMENT
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes
and Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
solution was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hot
water bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow colored precipitate
confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks
OBSERVATON
SR.
NO.
NAME OF
THE DRINK
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
1 COCA COLA
YELLOW
PRECIPITATE
ALCOHOL IS
PRESENT
2 SPRITE
YELLOW
PRECIPITATE
ALCOHOL IS
PRESENT
3 LIMCA
YELLOW
PRECIPITATE
ALCOHOL IS
PRESENT
4 FANTA
YELLOW
PRECIPITATE
ALCOHOL IS
PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the cold drinks samples gave positive test for alcohol. Hence all the cold
drinks contain glucose.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH ------ CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2O
17. TEST FOR SUCROSE
EXPERIMENT
5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate china
dishes and were heated very strongly until changes occur. Black colored
residue left confirmed the presence of sucrose in cold drinks.
OBSERVATON
SR.
NO.
NAME OF
THE DRINK
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
1 COCA COLA BLACK RESIDUE
SUCROSE IS
PRESENT
2 SPRITE BLACK RESIDUE
SUCROSE IS
PRESENT
3 LIMCA BLACK RESIDUE
SUCROSE IS
PRESENT
4 FANTA BLACK RESIDUE
SUCROSE IS
PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of sucrose varies
in each brand of drink. Fanta contains highest amount of sucrose.
18. RESULT
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of
cold drinks namely:
1. Coca Cola
2. Sprite
3. Limca
4. Fanta
All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All
cold drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different
brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the four
brands taken.
CARBON DIOXIDE
Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum
amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the minimum amount of
dissolved carbon dioxide.
19. CONCLUSION
DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS
1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they
contain sugar in large amount which cause problems in diabetes
patients.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body’s
natural ability to suppress hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also
harmful for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of 2.8. So they
can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must use
the hazardous matter place cards reserved for highly consive material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harmful
to our body.
USES OF COLD DRINKS
1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.
2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers.
3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent ‘detergent’ to remove grease from
clothes.
5. They can loose a rusted bolt.
20. BIBLIOGRAPHY
LABORATORY MANUAL OF CHEMISTRY
BY- VEENA SURI
DINESH COMPANION CHEMISTRY
BY- S.K. MALHOTRA
WEBSITES — www.meritnation.com
www.linkedin.com
www.bing.com