Earth and Life

1. L
What is
L I F E

2. Life Science
INTRODUCTION

3. Objectives
•Recognize the common theme of living
organisms.
•Trace how energy is passed in the
environment for organisms to survive.
•Value life by taking good care of all
organisms

4. Activity
Together, identify the difference of living and
non-living.
◦Your task is to mark the boxes that correctly
describes the each matter given.
◦At the end of the paper, identify the distinctive
characteristics of living matter from those non-
living.

5. Activity
Tree Rock Human Water
Has cells
Houses energy
Converts energy to do work
Maintains internal conditions
Able to produce offspring
Passes genes

6. Recall the Geologic Time Scale…
Precambrian
◦ Hadean (earth)
◦ Archean (bacteria)
◦ Proterozoic (cyanobacteria)
Phanerozoic
◦ Paleozoic (invertebrate – vertebrate – land plants –
amphibians – reptiles)
◦ Mesozoic (dinosaurs)
◦ Cenozoic (mammals)

7. Origin of Life
Extraterrestrial Panspermia Creation Living from
non-living

8. Miller –Urey experiment
 replicated early Earth condition
 Stanley Miller (American Chemist) and Harold Urey
(provided proof that amino acids and other organic
molecules could be formed)
 Earth’s atmosphere: hydrogen, carbon dioxide, methane,
water vapor, nitrogen, ammonia, carbon monoxide
 heated the mixture and zapped it with electrical sparks to
stimulate lightning

9. Early Life Forms
 eubacteria (true bacteria)
 archaebacteria (ancient bacteria)
 cyanobacteria (photosynthetic bacteria)
 eukaryotes (complex life forms)

10. Cells are the structural and functional units of life
Cells are the level at which the properties of life emerge.
A cell can
◦ regulate its internal environment,
◦ take in and use energy,
◦ respond to its environment,
◦ develop and maintain its complex organization, and
◦ give rise to new cells.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

11. Cells are the structural and functional units of life
There are two basic types of cells.
1. Prokaryotic cells
◦ were the first to evolve,
◦ are simpler, and
◦ are usually smaller than eukaryotic cells.
2. Eukaryotic cells
◦ contain membrane-enclosed organelles, including a nucleus containing
DNA, and
◦ are found in plants, animals, and fungi.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

12. Figure 1.3
Eukaryotic cell
Membrane
Prokaryotic
cell
DNA
(no nucleus)
Organelles
Nucleus
(membrane-
enclosed)
DNA (throughout
nucleus)

13. The diversity of life can be arranged into three domains
The diversity of life can be arranged into three domains.
1.Bacteria are the most diverse and widespread prokaryotes.
2.Archaea are prokaryotes that often live in Earth’s extreme
environments.
3.Eukarya have eukaryotic cells and include
◦ single-celled protists and
◦ multicellular fungi, animals, and plants.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

14. Figure 1.6
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya
Bacteria
Archaea
Protists
(multiple kingdoms)
Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Plantae

15. Themes of Life Science
UNIFYING GUIDELINES IN STUDYING LIVING MATTER

16. Arrange It!
Atoms compound
molecules
organelles
cell
tissues
organs
system
organism
population
community
ecosystem

17. Arrange It!
Atoms
compound
molecules
organelles
cell
tissues
organs
system
organism
population
community
ecosystem

18. In life’s hierarchy of organization, new properties emerge at each level
Biological organization unfolds as follows:
◦ Biosphere—all of the environments on Earth that support life,
◦ Ecosystem—all the organisms living in a particular area and the physical
components with which the organisms interact,
◦ Community—the entire array of organisms living in a particular
ecosystem,
◦ Population—all the individuals of a species living in a specific area,
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

19. In life’s hierarchy of organization, new properties emerge at each level
◦ Organism—an individual living thing,
◦ Organ system—several organs that cooperate in a specific function,
◦ Organ—a structure that is composed of tissues and that provides a
specific function for the organism,
◦ Tissues—a group of similar cells that perform a specific function,
◦ Cells—the fundamental unit of life,
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

20. In life’s hierarchy of organization, new properties emerge at each level
◦ Organelle—a membrane-bound structure that performs a
specific function in a cell, and
◦ Molecule—a cluster of small chemical units called atoms held
together by chemical bonds.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

21. Figure 1.2 Biosphere
Madagascar
Ecosystem:
Forest in
Madagascar
Community:
All organisms in
the forest
Population:
Group of ring-tailed
lemurs
Organism:
Ring-tailed lemur
Organ system:
Nervous system
Organ:
Brain
Tissue:
Nervous tissue
Nerve
Spinal cord
Brain
Organelle:
Nucleus
Cell:
Nerve cell
Nucleus Atom
Molecule:
DNA

22. Unifying Themes
◦Level of organization
◦Flow of energy
◦Evolution
◦Interacting Systems
◦Structure and Function
◦Ecology

23. Characteristics of Life
HOW COMMON ARE THE UNIQUE ORGANISMS

24. Cellular Organization
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Reproduction
Heredity

25. Biology = the study of life
What does it mean to be alive???
There are characteristics of life . . .
◦No single characteristic is enough to describe a living thing . . .

26. Characteristics of Life
1. Living things are made up cells.
2. Living things reproduce.
3. Living things are based on a universal genetic code
(DNA).
4. Living things grow and develop.

27. Characteristics of Life (cont.)
5. Living things obtain and use materials and energy.
6. Living things respond to their environment.
7. Living things maintain a stable internal environment.
(homeostasis)
8. Taken as a group, living things change over time.

28. 1—Made up of cells
They can be either unicellular or multicellular.
Picture of a Cell
***Unicellular = made up of ONE cell
Picture of a unicellular organism.
***Multi-cellular = made up of MORE than one cell
Picture of multicellular organisms

29. 2—Reproduction
***asexual = reproduction that
requires ONE parent
***sexual = reproduction that requires
TWO parents
There are 2 types of reproduction:
1. Asexual 2. Sexual

30. 3—Based on a genetic code
***DNA = DNA is the genetic code found in every cell.
DNA is inherited from parents and controls your traits.

31. 4—Grow and Develop
***Think about it . . . Do you
look the same as when you
were born????
**All living things grow and
develop during at least part of
their life.

32. 5—Need for materials and energy
**Living things need a constant supply of materials and energy.
**Metabolism = the process of using those materials.

33. 6—Response to the environment
**Internal stimuli = signal
comes from inside the
organism
**Organisms detect and respond to STIMULI
(or signals) from their environment.
**External stimuli = signal
comes from outside the
organism

34. 7—Maintaining internal balance
Despite changing conditions
around them, organism must
keep their internal conditions
stable/balanced.
**Homeostasis =
the process of keeping the internal environment
stable/balance/constant

35. 8—Change over time
Over hundreds, thousands, and millions of years, organisms have
the potential to change = evolution

36. Activity
Your task is to come up with a symbol or
image to symbolize the question “What is
life?”
Criteria: Presentation/Creativity-10pts;
Image/Symbol-10pts; Clip Art Background-
5pts; Neatness-5pts
Total: 30 points

37. Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
Presentation/Cre
ativity (x2)
Presentation
flows well and
logically.
Presentation
reflects
extensive use of
tools in creative
way.
Presentation
flows well. Tools
are used
correctly. Overall
presentation is
interesting.
Presentation
flows well. Some
tools are used to
show acceptable
understanding.
Presentation is
unorganized.
Tools are not
used in a
relevant manner.
Presentation has
no flow.
Insufficient
information.
Image/Symbol
(x2)
Images are
appropriate.
Most images are
appropriate.
Images are
inappropriate.
No images.
Clip Art
Background
Layout is
pleasing to the
eye.
Layout is
cluttered.
Layout is messy
Neatness

38. Chapter Quiz

39. •1-12. Level of Organization (Correct and exact
order) Start from the Bottom going towards the
TOP.
•13-14. Types of Metabolism
•15-16. Types of Reproduction
•17-20. Theories on the Origin of Life

40. ANSWERS

41. 1-12
Atoms
compound
molecules
organelles
cell
tissues
organs
system
organism
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere
Sub-atomic

42. 13-14. Catabolism, Anabolism
15-16. Asexual, Sexual

43. 17-20
Extraterrestrial Panspermia Creation Living from
non-living