This document summarizes key concepts about health from several perspectives. It defines health using dictionaries and the WHO. It discusses dimensions of health and factors influencing health disparities. Key goals from Healthy People 2020 are outlined. Health risks that increase in young adulthood are identified. The document provides goals for risk reduction by age group and discusses prevention versus protection. Models of health behavior change are introduced.

1. Chapter
1
Elizabeth Lytle, MPH, BSN, RN
Los Altos School District
Your Invitation to a
Healthy Future
Shirley Treanor additions &

2. Defining Health
• WebsterWebster’s Dictionary’s Dictionary
• “the condition of being sound in body, mind
and spirit…..freedom from physical disease
or pain.”
• World Health OrganizationWorld Health Organization
• “a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being, not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.”

3. Create Your Definition Of Health
Some characteristics of health
Positive, optimistic outlook
Sense of control, able to relax
Energy and vitality
Supportive social network
Personally satisfying job or endeavor
How do you define being of sound of body,
mind and spirit?

4. Wellness Further Enhances Your Health
Wellness is purposeful, enjoyable living
What it
looks like
Decision to move to optimal health
Way of life to reach potential
Developing awareness that health
and happiness are possible now
Integration of mind, body, spirit
Belief that actions influence
personal health and health of world

5. Six Dimensions Of Health

6. Three Major Areas Of Health Disparity
Income
Level
Primary reason for minority health
disparities is poverty
Poor receive worse care
Race
Dramatic differences in disease, death
rates and injury between races
Sex/
Gender
May have greater impact than any other
variable
Biological, social, behavioral factors and
health habits differ between sexes

7. Many ways men and women are different

8. Healthy People 2020
Six of the 2020 Health Goals for Americans
1. Prevent weight gain
2. Increase recent smoking cessation
3. Increase condom use and abstention in youth
4. Reduce misuse of prescription drugs
5. Increase cardiovascular health
6. Reduce sport and recreation injuries

9. Health Risks Increase In Young Adulthood
Serious health threats peak in young adulthood
• Substance abuse
• Sexually transmitted infections
• Homicide
• Motor vehicle crashes
Other health risks also increase
Eating fast food Not exercising
Being obese Smoking
Not visiting doctor Binge drinking

10. Risk Reduction By Age Group
Goals for individuals 19-39 years of age
• Practice safety on the roads
• Wear seat belts, bicycle helmets, not driving
after drinking, observing traffic rules
• Establish preventative lifestyle habits
• Quit smoking, abstain from psychoactive drugs,
use alcohol in moderation, adhere to a sound
diet, exercise, manage stress and cultivate
mental health, practice safe sex, visit the doctor
regularly, keep up on your immunizations, avoid
environmental pollutants, and practice wise
consumerism

11. Exercise

12. Exercise

13. Exercise

14. Exercise

15. Exercise

16. Accidents happen! Take care….

19. Safety Measures

21. Preventative Lifestyle Measures
Don’t Smoke

24. Immunizations

25. Risk Reduction By Age Group
Goals for individuals 40-64 years of ageGoals for individuals 40-64 years of age
Continue the preventative measures
recommended for the 19-39 age group
Focus on specific lifestyle habits
• Keep exercising, including cardiovascular,
strengthening and flexibility exercises.
• Continue to eat nutritionally with modifications.
• Pay even more attention to medical
maintenance, blood pressure screening,
cholesterol tests, Pap tests, and sigmoidoscopy
and diabetes screening.

26. 40-64 years of age

27. Risk Reduction By Age Group
Goals for individuals 65 and olderGoals for individuals 65 and older
Focus on specific lifestyle habits
• Keep exercising, including
cardiovascular, strengthening and
flexibility exercises.
• Adjust the diet, if necessary.
• Step up medical maintenance further.
• Preserve mental health.

28. Health Prevention And Protection
Prevention
Information to help healthy people
identify risks, reduce stressors,
prevent potential medical
problems and enhance well-being
Protection
Making risky behavior safer to
prevent injury or unwanted risks

29. Evaluate Health Websites
Who created it?
When was it last updated?
Are there references?
Is the author qualified?
Is there a potential bias?

30. Table 1-1 p16

31. Medical Claims Can Be Misleading
Evaluate claims by asking questions:
Who are the scientists involved?
Where did they report their findings?
Is information a testimonial?
Are ‘amazing, secret, or quick’ used?
Are they trying to sell something?

32. p19

33. By graduation, 1 in 4 students
has at least one major risk factor
for Diabetes, Metabolic
Syndrome or Heart Disease

34. Four Life-Extending Behaviors
1. Not smoking
2. Eating lots of fruits and vegetables
3. Exercising regularly
4. Drinking alcohol in moderation

35. Health Behavior Change Is Possible
Three Factors Influence Health Behavior
1. Predisposing factors
2. Enabling factors
3. Reinforcing factors

36. Factors that shape positive behavior

37. Transtheoretical Model of Change
Stages of
Change
Six stages which are not linear
in sequence – often repeat
and cycle through
Processes of
Change
Cognitive and behavioral
activities that facilitate change
Self-Efficacy
Confidence and ability to cope
with change

38. Stages And Processes Of Change

39. Confidence Influences Success
Your belief that you can change influences the
likelihood of your success
Strong
Belief
Apply more energy to change
More likely to persist to change
Low self-
belief
Resigned to stress and feeling
helpless
More likely to give up