This document provides an overview and introduction to database concepts and terminology. It discusses Premiere Products, a company that initially used spreadsheets to store data but faced problems with that approach. Management then decided to use a database management system (DBMS) to store and manage the company's data. Key concepts discussed include entities, attributes, relationships, and how these apply to the data for Premiere Products and another example company. Advantages and disadvantages of using a DBMS are also summarized.
This module introduces concepts related to file and database organization. It describes how data is organized in a hierarchy from characters to fields, records, files, and databases. It then discusses different database organization methods like hierarchical, network, and relational models. It also describes what a database management system is and why it is needed to create and manage databases. The key aspects covered are data modeling and organization, database components, and the role of a DBMS.
Modern Database Management 12th Global Edition by Hoffer solution manual.docxssuserf63bd7
https://qidiantiku.com/solution-manual-for-modern-database-management-12th-global-edition-by-hoffer.shtml
name:Solution manual for Modern Database Management 12th Global Edition by Hoffer
Edition:12th Global Edition
author:by Hoffer
ISBN:ISBN 10: 0133544613 / ISBN 13: 9780133544619
type:solution manual
format:word/zip
All chapter include
Focusing on what leading database practitioners say are the most important aspects to database development, Modern Database Management presents sound pedagogy, and topics that are critical for the practical success of database professionals. The 12th Edition further facilitates learning with illustrations that clarify important concepts and new media resources that make some of the more challenging material more engaging. Also included are general updates and expanded material in the areas undergoing rapid change due to improved managerial practices, database design tools and methodologies, and database technology.
This document provides an overview of database management systems and different data models. It defines key concepts like data, database, DBMS, file management system, and data redundancy. The goals of a DBMS are listed as reducing data redundancy and inconsistency while facilitating data sharing and security. DBMS is compared to a file management system, noting advantages like lower redundancy, higher consistency, and easier data sharing with DBMS. Finally, several data models are introduced, including hierarchical, network, entity-relationship, relational, object-oriented, and object-relational models.
The document provides an introduction to databases including:
- The structure of databases and the hierarchy of data types
- The differences between file-based and database approaches
- The components of a database system including the database, DBMS, applications, users, and tools
- The purposes of using a database including storing, finding, and analyzing information
A database management system (DBMS) is a software system that is used to create and manage databases. It allows users to define, create, maintain and control access to the database. There are four main types of DBMS: hierarchical, network, relational and object-oriented. A DBMS provides advantages like improved data sharing, security and integration. It also enables better access to data and decision making. However, DBMS also have disadvantages such as increased costs, management complexity and the need to constantly maintain and upgrade the system.
This module introduces concepts related to file and database organization. It describes how data is organized in a hierarchy from characters to fields, records, files, and databases. It then discusses different database organization methods like hierarchical, network, and relational models. It also describes what a database management system is and why it is needed to create and manage databases. The key aspects covered are data modeling and organization, database components, and the role of a DBMS.
Modern Database Management 12th Global Edition by Hoffer solution manual.docxssuserf63bd7
https://qidiantiku.com/solution-manual-for-modern-database-management-12th-global-edition-by-hoffer.shtml
name:Solution manual for Modern Database Management 12th Global Edition by Hoffer
Edition:12th Global Edition
author:by Hoffer
ISBN:ISBN 10: 0133544613 / ISBN 13: 9780133544619
type:solution manual
format:word/zip
All chapter include
Focusing on what leading database practitioners say are the most important aspects to database development, Modern Database Management presents sound pedagogy, and topics that are critical for the practical success of database professionals. The 12th Edition further facilitates learning with illustrations that clarify important concepts and new media resources that make some of the more challenging material more engaging. Also included are general updates and expanded material in the areas undergoing rapid change due to improved managerial practices, database design tools and methodologies, and database technology.
This document provides an overview of database management systems and different data models. It defines key concepts like data, database, DBMS, file management system, and data redundancy. The goals of a DBMS are listed as reducing data redundancy and inconsistency while facilitating data sharing and security. DBMS is compared to a file management system, noting advantages like lower redundancy, higher consistency, and easier data sharing with DBMS. Finally, several data models are introduced, including hierarchical, network, entity-relationship, relational, object-oriented, and object-relational models.
The document provides an introduction to databases including:
- The structure of databases and the hierarchy of data types
- The differences between file-based and database approaches
- The components of a database system including the database, DBMS, applications, users, and tools
- The purposes of using a database including storing, finding, and analyzing information
A database management system (DBMS) is a software system that is used to create and manage databases. It allows users to define, create, maintain and control access to the database. There are four main types of DBMS: hierarchical, network, relational and object-oriented. A DBMS provides advantages like improved data sharing, security and integration. It also enables better access to data and decision making. However, DBMS also have disadvantages such as increased costs, management complexity and the need to constantly maintain and upgrade the system.
The document introduces databases and their components. It defines key terms like data, information, database, DBMS, and discusses the evolution from file-based systems to database systems. The main advantages of database systems are minimal data redundancy, sharing of data across systems, improved data consistency when values are stored and updated in one place.
This document provides an overview of data modeling concepts. It discusses the importance of data modeling, the basic building blocks of data models including entities, attributes, and relationships. It also covers different types of data models such as conceptual, logical, and physical models. The document discusses relational and non-relational data models as well as emerging models like object-oriented, XML, and big data models. Business rules and their role in database design are also summarized.
The document provides an introduction to basic database terminology and concepts. It defines key terms like data, data item, entity, entity set, record, file, key, and information. It then discusses common data organization issues such as data redundancy, inconsistency, difficulty accessing data, isolation, integrity problems, and security issues that databases aim to address. It provides an overview of the difference between file systems and database management systems (DBMS), and how DBMS solutions are better suited to organizing large amounts of structured data for efficient querying and sharing across users.
Explain growth and importance of databases
Name limitations of conventional file processing
Identify five categories of databases
Explain advantages of databases
Identify costs and risks of databases
List components of database environment
Describe evolution of database systems
This document discusses database management systems and contains sections on databases, data warehousing, and data mining. It defines what a database and database management system are, and describes their components and advantages. It outlines three database models - hierarchical, network, and relational - and provides more details on the relational model. The document also defines data warehousing and lists its functions and benefits. Finally, it briefly introduces the topic of data mining.
This document provides an overview of database management systems and the normalization process. It begins with definitions of data hierarchy and traditional file processing approaches. It then describes the benefits of a database approach using a DBMS, including features like querying, backup/replication, and security. Components of a DBMS are explained, including data definition languages, data manipulation languages, and the data dictionary. Common data models like hierarchical, network, relational, and object models are also summarized. The document concludes by defining key concepts in normalization like functional dependencies and normal forms, and providing an overview of the normalization process.
This document provides an overview of database management systems and related concepts. It discusses data hierarchy, traditional file processing, the database approach to data management, features and capabilities of database management systems, database schemas, components of database management systems, common data models including hierarchical, network, and relational models, and the process of data normalization.
This document is from a textbook on database systems. It introduces fundamental concepts such as what a database is, the role of database management systems, and typical database functionality including defining schemas, loading data, querying, and concurrency control. It also discusses different types of database users and the advantages of the database approach such as data sharing and integrity enforcement. Examples of entity-relationship diagrams and database relations are provided to illustrate conceptual data modeling.
helps the DBA in day to day activities
2
Security Administrator: responsible for security policies and implementation
3
Performance Tuner: responsible for tuning the database for better performance
4
Backup and Recovery Administrator: responsible for backup and recovery plans
2. Database Designer
Responsible for conceptual, logical and physical design of the database
Determines the data model, structure and constraints
Defines the schema and metadata
Works closely with the DBA and users
3. Database Programmer
Responsible for implementing the design into
The document provides an introduction to database systems. It defines key terms like database, database management system (DBMS), and database system. It describes the characteristics of database systems and some advantages over file-based systems, like reduced redundancy and supporting multiple users. It also outlines typical DBMS functionality, components of a database system environment, different types of database users, and the historical development of database technology.
The document provides an overview of database management systems and related concepts. It discusses database components like the data dictionary and data repository. It also covers different data models including hierarchical, network, and relational models. Key concepts covered include entities, attributes, relationships, schemas, and data abstraction which allows users to interact with data without knowing details of how it is structured and stored.
This document provides an overview of database systems and database management systems (DBMS). It defines what a database is, the problems with traditional file-based data storage, and how DBMS solutions address those problems. Specifically, it discusses how DBMS allow for centralized, shared data access which improves data integrity while reducing redundancy. It also outlines some typical applications of database systems and the components and personnel involved in DBMS environments.
Database management system by Gursharan singhGursharan Singh
Database Management System (DBMS) organizes data into a database and provides tools to store, access, and analyze the data. It offers several advantages over traditional file-based data storage, including reduced data redundancy, improved data consistency, data sharing across users, and enhanced security. A typical DBMS uses a 3-tier architecture separating the user interface, application logic, and data storage tiers. It also employs standard data models like the entity-relationship and relational models to structure the database content.
The document discusses database normalization and provides examples to illustrate the concepts of first, second, and third normal forms. It explains that normalization is the process of evaluating and correcting database tables to minimize data redundancy and anomalies. The key steps in normalization include identifying attributes, dependencies between attributes, and creating normalized tables based on those dependencies. An example database for a college will be used to demonstrate converting tables into first, second, and third normal form. Additionally, an example will show when denormalization of a table may be acceptable.
This document provides an overview of database concepts. It discusses the traditional approach to data management versus the database approach. The traditional approach leads to problems like data redundancy, inconsistency, and inability to share data. A database management system addresses these issues by allowing centralized data storage and shared access. Key topics covered include data modeling, the relational database model, database administration, popular DBMSs, and emerging concepts like data warehousing, data mining and business intelligence.
The document discusses the security of database systems and some of the key threats they face, such as direct attacks on data and indirect attacks through other systems. It notes that as technology and computer networks have grown, so too have security issues like network intrusion and identity theft. The paper aims to outline important database security threats and effective solutions commonly adopted by companies to counter such risks.
Week 3 Classification of Database Management Systems & Data Modelingoudesign
The document discusses different types of database management systems and data models. It provides information on the following:
- The relational data model is the most commonly used model today and is supported by popular DBMS like Oracle, SQL Server, DB2, and MySQL.
- Other traditional models like hierarchical and network models are not commonly used now due to their complexity.
- The advantages of data models include increased effectiveness, reduced costs, simplicity, minimum redundancy, data integrity, independence, faster performance, reduced errors and risks.
- The types of data models discussed are hierarchical, network, relational, E-R and object oriented models. The characteristics and advantages/disadvantages of each model are described
Predictably Improve Your B2B Tech Company's Performance by Leveraging DataKiwi Creative
Harness the power of AI-backed reports, benchmarking and data analysis to predict trends and detect anomalies in your marketing efforts.
Peter Caputa, CEO at Databox, reveals how you can discover the strategies and tools to increase your growth rate (and margins!).
From metrics to track to data habits to pick up, enhance your reporting for powerful insights to improve your B2B tech company's marketing.
- - -
This is the webinar recording from the June 2024 HubSpot User Group (HUG) for B2B Technology USA.
Watch the video recording at https://youtu.be/5vjwGfPN9lw
Sign up for future HUG events at https://events.hubspot.com/b2b-technology-usa/
The document introduces databases and their components. It defines key terms like data, information, database, DBMS, and discusses the evolution from file-based systems to database systems. The main advantages of database systems are minimal data redundancy, sharing of data across systems, improved data consistency when values are stored and updated in one place.
This document provides an overview of data modeling concepts. It discusses the importance of data modeling, the basic building blocks of data models including entities, attributes, and relationships. It also covers different types of data models such as conceptual, logical, and physical models. The document discusses relational and non-relational data models as well as emerging models like object-oriented, XML, and big data models. Business rules and their role in database design are also summarized.
The document provides an introduction to basic database terminology and concepts. It defines key terms like data, data item, entity, entity set, record, file, key, and information. It then discusses common data organization issues such as data redundancy, inconsistency, difficulty accessing data, isolation, integrity problems, and security issues that databases aim to address. It provides an overview of the difference between file systems and database management systems (DBMS), and how DBMS solutions are better suited to organizing large amounts of structured data for efficient querying and sharing across users.
Explain growth and importance of databases
Name limitations of conventional file processing
Identify five categories of databases
Explain advantages of databases
Identify costs and risks of databases
List components of database environment
Describe evolution of database systems
This document discusses database management systems and contains sections on databases, data warehousing, and data mining. It defines what a database and database management system are, and describes their components and advantages. It outlines three database models - hierarchical, network, and relational - and provides more details on the relational model. The document also defines data warehousing and lists its functions and benefits. Finally, it briefly introduces the topic of data mining.
This document provides an overview of database management systems and the normalization process. It begins with definitions of data hierarchy and traditional file processing approaches. It then describes the benefits of a database approach using a DBMS, including features like querying, backup/replication, and security. Components of a DBMS are explained, including data definition languages, data manipulation languages, and the data dictionary. Common data models like hierarchical, network, relational, and object models are also summarized. The document concludes by defining key concepts in normalization like functional dependencies and normal forms, and providing an overview of the normalization process.
This document provides an overview of database management systems and related concepts. It discusses data hierarchy, traditional file processing, the database approach to data management, features and capabilities of database management systems, database schemas, components of database management systems, common data models including hierarchical, network, and relational models, and the process of data normalization.
This document is from a textbook on database systems. It introduces fundamental concepts such as what a database is, the role of database management systems, and typical database functionality including defining schemas, loading data, querying, and concurrency control. It also discusses different types of database users and the advantages of the database approach such as data sharing and integrity enforcement. Examples of entity-relationship diagrams and database relations are provided to illustrate conceptual data modeling.
helps the DBA in day to day activities
2
Security Administrator: responsible for security policies and implementation
3
Performance Tuner: responsible for tuning the database for better performance
4
Backup and Recovery Administrator: responsible for backup and recovery plans
2. Database Designer
Responsible for conceptual, logical and physical design of the database
Determines the data model, structure and constraints
Defines the schema and metadata
Works closely with the DBA and users
3. Database Programmer
Responsible for implementing the design into
The document provides an introduction to database systems. It defines key terms like database, database management system (DBMS), and database system. It describes the characteristics of database systems and some advantages over file-based systems, like reduced redundancy and supporting multiple users. It also outlines typical DBMS functionality, components of a database system environment, different types of database users, and the historical development of database technology.
The document provides an overview of database management systems and related concepts. It discusses database components like the data dictionary and data repository. It also covers different data models including hierarchical, network, and relational models. Key concepts covered include entities, attributes, relationships, schemas, and data abstraction which allows users to interact with data without knowing details of how it is structured and stored.
This document provides an overview of database systems and database management systems (DBMS). It defines what a database is, the problems with traditional file-based data storage, and how DBMS solutions address those problems. Specifically, it discusses how DBMS allow for centralized, shared data access which improves data integrity while reducing redundancy. It also outlines some typical applications of database systems and the components and personnel involved in DBMS environments.
Database management system by Gursharan singhGursharan Singh
Database Management System (DBMS) organizes data into a database and provides tools to store, access, and analyze the data. It offers several advantages over traditional file-based data storage, including reduced data redundancy, improved data consistency, data sharing across users, and enhanced security. A typical DBMS uses a 3-tier architecture separating the user interface, application logic, and data storage tiers. It also employs standard data models like the entity-relationship and relational models to structure the database content.
The document discusses database normalization and provides examples to illustrate the concepts of first, second, and third normal forms. It explains that normalization is the process of evaluating and correcting database tables to minimize data redundancy and anomalies. The key steps in normalization include identifying attributes, dependencies between attributes, and creating normalized tables based on those dependencies. An example database for a college will be used to demonstrate converting tables into first, second, and third normal form. Additionally, an example will show when denormalization of a table may be acceptable.
This document provides an overview of database concepts. It discusses the traditional approach to data management versus the database approach. The traditional approach leads to problems like data redundancy, inconsistency, and inability to share data. A database management system addresses these issues by allowing centralized data storage and shared access. Key topics covered include data modeling, the relational database model, database administration, popular DBMSs, and emerging concepts like data warehousing, data mining and business intelligence.
The document discusses the security of database systems and some of the key threats they face, such as direct attacks on data and indirect attacks through other systems. It notes that as technology and computer networks have grown, so too have security issues like network intrusion and identity theft. The paper aims to outline important database security threats and effective solutions commonly adopted by companies to counter such risks.
Week 3 Classification of Database Management Systems & Data Modelingoudesign
The document discusses different types of database management systems and data models. It provides information on the following:
- The relational data model is the most commonly used model today and is supported by popular DBMS like Oracle, SQL Server, DB2, and MySQL.
- Other traditional models like hierarchical and network models are not commonly used now due to their complexity.
- The advantages of data models include increased effectiveness, reduced costs, simplicity, minimum redundancy, data integrity, independence, faster performance, reduced errors and risks.
- The types of data models discussed are hierarchical, network, relational, E-R and object oriented models. The characteristics and advantages/disadvantages of each model are described
Predictably Improve Your B2B Tech Company's Performance by Leveraging DataKiwi Creative
Harness the power of AI-backed reports, benchmarking and data analysis to predict trends and detect anomalies in your marketing efforts.
Peter Caputa, CEO at Databox, reveals how you can discover the strategies and tools to increase your growth rate (and margins!).
From metrics to track to data habits to pick up, enhance your reporting for powerful insights to improve your B2B tech company's marketing.
- - -
This is the webinar recording from the June 2024 HubSpot User Group (HUG) for B2B Technology USA.
Watch the video recording at https://youtu.be/5vjwGfPN9lw
Sign up for future HUG events at https://events.hubspot.com/b2b-technology-usa/
ViewShift: Hassle-free Dynamic Policy Enforcement for Every Data LakeWalaa Eldin Moustafa
Dynamic policy enforcement is becoming an increasingly important topic in today’s world where data privacy and compliance is a top priority for companies, individuals, and regulators alike. In these slides, we discuss how LinkedIn implements a powerful dynamic policy enforcement engine, called ViewShift, and integrates it within its data lake. We show the query engine architecture and how catalog implementations can automatically route table resolutions to compliance-enforcing SQL views. Such views have a set of very interesting properties: (1) They are auto-generated from declarative data annotations. (2) They respect user-level consent and preferences (3) They are context-aware, encoding a different set of transformations for different use cases (4) They are portable; while the SQL logic is only implemented in one SQL dialect, it is accessible in all engines.
#SQL #Views #Privacy #Compliance #DataLake
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Analysis insight about a Flyball dog competition team's performanceroli9797
Insight of my analysis about a Flyball dog competition team's last year performance. Find more: https://github.com/rolandnagy-ds/flyball_race_analysis/tree/main
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Key Highlights:
Foundations of SQL: Understand the basics of SQL, including data retrieval, filtering, and aggregation.
Advanced Queries: Learn to craft complex queries to uncover deep insights from your data.
Data Trends and Patterns: Discover how to identify and interpret trends and patterns in your datasets.
Practical Examples: Follow step-by-step examples to apply SQL techniques in real-world scenarios.
Actionable Insights: Gain the skills to derive actionable insights that drive informed decision-making.
Join us on this journey to enhance your data analysis capabilities and unlock the full potential of SQL. Perfect for data enthusiasts, analysts, and anyone eager to harness the power of data!
#DataAnalysis #SQL #LearningSQL #DataInsights #DataScience #Analytics
06-04-2024 - NYC Tech Week - Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
Round table discussion of vector databases, unstructured data, ai, big data, real-time, robots and Milvus.
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Enhanced Enterprise Intelligence with your personal AI Data Copilot.pdfGetInData
Recently we have observed the rise of open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) that are community-driven or developed by the AI market leaders, such as Meta (Llama3), Databricks (DBRX) and Snowflake (Arctic). On the other hand, there is a growth in interest in specialized, carefully fine-tuned yet relatively small models that can efficiently assist programmers in day-to-day tasks. Finally, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architectures have gained a lot of traction as the preferred approach for LLMs context and prompt augmentation for building conversational SQL data copilots, code copilots and chatbots.
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How can we build one?
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Research: Technology breakthroughs and their capabilities.
Industry: Areas of commercial application for AI and its business impact.
Politics: Regulation of AI, its economic implications and the evolving geopolitics of AI.
Safety: Identifying and mitigating catastrophic risks that highly-capable future AI systems could pose to us.
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1. Concepts of Database Management, Fifth Edition 1-1
Chapter 1
Introduction to Database Management
At a Glance
Table of Contents
Overview
Objectives
Teaching Tips
Instructor Notes
Quick Quizzes
Classroom Activities
Discussion Questions
Key Terms
Applying Database Concepts
Lecture Notes
Overview
In this chapter, students examine the requirements of Premiere Products, a company that will be used in many
examples in this chapter and in the rest of the text. Students learn how Premiere Products initially stored its data,
what problems employees encountered with this storage method, and why management decided to use a database
management system. Students then study the basic terminology and concepts of databases and database
management systems. They also learn the advantages and disadvantages of database processing. Finally, students
examine the database requirements for Henry Books, the company featured in the case that is used throughout the
text.
2. Concepts of Database Management, Fifth Edition 1-2
Chapter Objectives
Introduce Premiere Products, the company that is used as the basis for many of the examples throughout the
text.
Introduce database terminology.
Describe database management systems.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of database processing.
Introduce Henry Books, the company that is used in the case that runs throughout the text.
Teaching Tips
Encourage students to use the embedded questions and answers included throughout the chapter to test their
understanding of the concepts as well as the design of the two databases. It is critical that students understand
the entities, attributes, and relationships for both the Premiere Products database and the Henry Books
database. Students will use these databases in exercises and assignments throughout the text.
Make sure students understand how to navigate the tables in both the Premiere Products and Henry Books
databases. Encourage them to use the embedded questions and answers to test their understanding of the
tables.
Use Appendix B for a group assignment. Appendix B includes an additional case problem, Alexamara Marina
Group with exercises for Chapters 1 through 6.
Instructor Notes
Premiere Products Background
Premiere Products, a distributor of appliances, housewares, and sporting goods is a fictitious company that will be
used throughout the text. Since its inception, the company has used spreadsheet software to maintain company
data. Use Figure 1.1 to illustrate the problems associated with using spreadsheets to maintain this data.
Problems
Redundancy.
Difficulty accessing related data.
Limited security features.
Multiple updates.
Size limitations.
Define redundancy. Redundancy wastes spaces, makes changes more cumbersome and time-consuming, and can
lead to inconsistencies. Review the embedded question and answer on page 3. Use Figure 1.2 to introduce the type
of data that Premiere Products must be able to store and retrieve. Premiere Products must maintain information
about sales reps, customers, and parts inventory as well as store information about orders. The company needs to
maintain data on more than one category (customers, sales reps, orders, parts) and is interested in the relationships
between the categories. Point out that the amounts in the Total column are not stored in the database but are
calculated.
3. Concepts of Database Management, Fifth Edition 1-3
Database Background
Define and discuss the database terms: entity, attribute, and relationship. An entity is a person, place, object,
event, or idea for which you want to store and process data. An attribute is a characteristic or property of an entity.
The terms column and field are used as synonyms in many database systems. A relationship is an association
between entities. Use Figure 1.3 to point out the Rep and Customer entity and the attributes for each entity. The
one-to-many relationship that exists between sales reps and customers in the Premiere Products database is
illustrated in Figure 1.4. In a database system, a one-to-many relationship is handled by using common columns in
the two tables.
Define database. A database is a structure that can store information about multiple types of entities, the attributes
of those entities, and the relationships among the entities. A data file (a file used to store data) is not the same as a
database. Figure 1.5 lists the five tables that make up the Premiere Products database. Each table represents an
entity. The data in the tables are related through common fields. It is these relationships that allow the user to
access data from more than one table and produce reports, queries, and forms. Because the same part can be found
on many orders and one order can include many parts, there is a many to many relationship between the Part and
the Orders table. The OrderLine table relates the Part and Orders table by including both the OrderNum field and
the PartNum field. The OrderNum field is the common field between the Orders and the OrderLine tables. The
PartNum field is the common field between the Part and OrderLine tables. Point out the problems with storing data
in the table structure shown in Figure 1.6. Students will learn how to solve these problems in later chapters.
Review the embedded questions and answers on page 11. Students should be able to navigate through the tables to
find the answers.
Define entity-relationship diagram (E-R). An entity-relationship (E-R) diagram is a visual way to represent a
database. Rectangles represent entities and lines represent relationships between entities. Use the E-R diagram in
Figure 1.7 to review the entities, attributes, and relationships in the Premiere Products database. Students learn
how to create E-R diagrams in Chapter 6.
Quick Quizzes
1. A(n) _____ is a characteristic or property of an entity.
Answer: attribute
2. A(n) _____ is a person, place, object, event, or idea for which you want to store and process data.
Answer: entity
3. A(n) _____ is a structure that can store information about multiple types of entities, the attributes of those
entities, and the relationships among the entities.
Answer: database
Database Management Systems
Define Database Management System (DBMS). A Database Management System (DBMS) is a program, or
collection of programs, through which users interact with a database. Popular DBMSs include Access, Oracle,
DB2, MySQL and SQL Server. Access currently is the most popular DBMS for use with personal computers.
There are versions of Oracle, DB2, MySQL and SQL Server that run under Windows, Unix, and Linux as well as
mainframe operating systems. Figure 1.8 illustrates using a DBMS directly and Figure 1.9 describes using a
DBMS through another program.
Database design is the process of determining the structure of a database. Students learn database design principles
in later chapters. Figures 1.10 and 1.11 illustrate forms created for Premiere Products. Forms are screen objects
used to maintain, view, and print data from a database. A DBMS also must be able to generate reports such as the
one shown in Figure 1.12. A DBMS such as Access has the ability to create switchboard systems – a set of special
forms used to provide controlled access to the data, forms, reports, and other objects in a database. Use Figures
1.13 and 1.14 to show part of the switchboard system for the Premiere Products database.
4. Concepts of Database Management, Fifth Edition 1-4
Advantages of Database Processing
Discuss the advantages of database processing.
1. Getting more information from
the same amount of data
In a nondatabase, file-oriented environment, data often is partitioned
into several disjointed systems. Getting data from multiple systems can
be difficult and in some cases, impossible. When data is stored in a
single database, access is quick and easy.
2. Sharing data Several users can have access to the same data and still use it in a
variety of ways.
3. Balancing conflicting
requirements
A database administrator (DBA) is a person or group in charge of the
database. The DBA is responsible for keeping the overall needs of the
organization in mind and ensuring that the database benefits the entire
organization and not just one group.
4. Controlling redundancy In a nondatabase, file-oriented system, multiple copies of the same data
usually exist. With a database approach, data is stored only once, thus
eliminating redundancy.
5. Facilitating consistency When the same data is stored more than once, the potential for
inconsistency exists. This means that the same piece of data can be
stored correctly in one location and incorrectly in another location.
Because the potential for inconsistency is a direct result of redundancy,
and because the database approach reduces redundancy, there is much
less potential for the occurrence of this sort of inconsistency.
6. Improving integrity An integrity constraint is a rule that must be followed by data in the
database. A database has integrity if the data in it satisfies all
established integrity constraints. A good DBMS should provide an
opportunity to incorporate integrity constraints in the database design.
7. Expanding security Security is the prevention of access to the database by unauthorized
users. A DBMS has features, for example, passwords, encryption, and
group permissions that help ensure the security of the data.
8. Increasing productivity A good DBMS reduces the need for individual programs to manipulate
data.
9. Providing data independence Data independence is a property that allows changes to the structure of
the database without changes to the programs that access the database.
Disadvantages of Database Processing
Discuss the disadvantages of database processing.
1. Larger file size A DBMS is a large program that occupies a great amount of disk space as well a
substantial amount of internal memory. Also, because the data is stored in one
file, the database file requires a large amount of both disk space and internal
memory.
2. Increased complexity A DBMS is a complex product. To take full advantage of the system requires a
significant amount of learning. A sound database design is critical to the
successful use of a DBMS.
3. Greater impact of
failure
In a nondatabase, file-oriented system, a failure of one system does not
necessarily affect users of any other systems. In a database approach, a failure on
the part of one user that damages the database can affect other users.
4. More difficult recovery If a database is damaged in some way, the process of recovering the database
requires several steps that restore the database first to its last known correct
status and then re-apply any database updates.
5. Concepts of Database Management, Fifth Edition 1-5
Introduction to Henry Books Database Case
Describe Henry Books. Ray Henry, the owner of a bookstore chain, must maintain information about bookstore
branches, publishers, authors, and books. Ray has decided to store his data in a database. The type of data that
Henry needs to maintain is described in Figures 1.17 through 1.20. The E-R diagram for the database appears in
Figure 1.21. The diagram shows six entities: Publisher, Author, Wrote, Branch, Book, and Inventory. There is a
one-to-many relationship (one publisher can publish many books) between the Publisher table and the Book table.
The common field between the two tables is Publisher Code. Because one author can write many books and one
book can be written by many authors, there is a many-to-many relationship between books and authors. The Wrote
table relates books and authors by including the BookCode field and the AuthorNum field. The BookCode field is
the common field between the Wrote and Book tables. The AuthorNum field is the common field between the
Wrote and Author tables. Because the same book can be found at many bookstore branches and one bookstore
branch has many books, there is a many-to-many relationship between the Branch and Book table. The BookCode
field is the common field between the Inventory and Book tables. The BranchNum field is the common field
between the Inventory and Branch tables. Review the embedded questions and answers in this section with
students to make sure they understand the Henry Books database.
Classroom Activities
Ask students for examples of entities, attributes, and relationships that would be appropriate for a database of
names, grades, and related information for this course to make sure they understand these important key terms.
Ask each student to list one place (for example, doctor’s office, dentist’s office, employer, school) where data
about them is stored. Write the list on the board. Ask students what happens when data that is stored about them is
incorrect. Students quickly see the advantages of minimizing data redundancy and improving integrity.
Pick up any object in the classroom, such as a coffee mug, a book, a pen, and ask students to list the attributes to
describe the object as an entity.
Discussion Questions
Now that you have an understanding of what a database is, have you interacted with any databases in the previous
24 hours? What were they and how did you interact with them?
When a database approach is used, a failure on the part of one user that damages the database can affect other
users. What are some specific examples of database failures? If you were one of the users, how would you be
affected?
6. Concepts of Database Management, Fifth Edition 1-6
Key Terms
All key terms are defined in the Glossary section of the textbook.
Attribute
Column
Data file
Data independence
Database
Database administration (dba)
Database administrator
Database design
Database management system (dbms)
Entity
Entity-relationship (e-r) diagram
Field
Forms
Integrity
Integrity constraint
One-to-many relationship
Redundancy
Relationship
Security
Switchboard
Applying Database Concepts
Note: Each of the textbooks listed below has its own Instructor’s Manual that provides lecture notes, teaching tips,
and solutions. The integration tips are designed to help you integrate and reinforce material in the Concepts book
with the specific DBMS application text. The suggested exercises complement and enhance the exercises in the
Concepts book. You also will want to assign exercises that cover the material presented in the specific application
text.
Access 2003 New Perspectives (Brief, Introductory, Comprehensive)
Integration Tips
Tutorial 1 introduces students to Microsoft Access. Session 1.1 identifies the same database concepts that are
discussed in Chapter 1 of the Concepts book. Session 2.1 in Tutorial 2 presents basic guidelines for designing
databases.
Introduce Northeast Seasonal Jobs International and make sure students understand the purpose of the
database and the type of data needed by Elsa Jensen. (AC 3)
Use the database shown in Figures 1-1 and 1-2 to point out the entities (records), attributes (fields), and
relationships. Identify the common field (EmployerId) between the Employer table and the Position table.
(AC 4 and AC 5)
Ask students what type of relationship exists between the Employer table and the Position table (one to
many). (AC 5)
Use Quick Check questions 1 through 4 as review. (AC 13)
Point out the guidelines for designing databases in Session 2.1 (AC 36). Use Figure 2.3 to show inconsistent
data and data redundancy. (AC 37).
Suggested Exercises
Assign the Databases Lab Assignment in Tutorial 1 This assignment demonstrates the essential concepts of
file and database management systems. (AC 34)
Use Case Problem 4, Mountain River Adventures to ask students about other entities and attributes (in
addition to the client entity) to include in the database. Obtain some trip brochures (or use the WWW to find
information on adventure tours) and ask students to determine the design of the database. This can be an
individual or a group exercise. It can be a homework assignment or an in-class assignment. (AC 32)
Assign Tutorial Discussion Question 2 in Tutorial 1. Tutorial Discussion Questions are in the Instructor’s
Manual.
7. Concepts of Database Management, Fifth Edition 1-7
Access 2003 Shelly Cashman (Introductory, Complete, Comprehensive)
Integration Tips
Project 1 introduces students to Microsoft Access and identifies the same database concepts that are discussed in
Chapter 1 of the Concepts book. Data redundancy also is discussed.
Introduce Ashton James College and make sure students understand the purpose of the database and the type
of data needed by the administration. (AC 3)
Use the database shown in Figure 1-1 to point out the entities, attributes, and relationships. Identify the
common field (Trainer Number) between the Client table and the Trainer table. (AC 5)
Ask students what type of relationship exists between the Trainer table and the Client table (one to many).
(AC 5)
Discuss Designing a Database. Use Figure 1-83 to review the problems associated with redundancy. (AC 50)
Suggested Exercises
Use the Begon Pest Control database in Apply Your Knowledge 1 as a homework assignment. Ask students to
list the entities (Customer and Technician), the common field (Technician Number), and the type of
relationship that exists between the tables (one Technician is related to many Customers.) Ask them to
identify an additional attribute that could be added to the Technician table (telephone number or year-to-date
salary are two choices.) (AC 55)
Use Cases and Places 3 to ask students about the entities and attributes to include in the database. The
database design can have either two entities (Book, Publisher) or three entities (Book, Publisher, Author.) Ask
students for additional attributes that could be included in the Publisher table (publisher address and telephone
number are two choice.) This can be an individual or a group exercise. It can be a homework assignment or an
in-class assignment. (AC 63)
A Guide to SQL, Sixth Edition
Integration Tips
Chapter 1 describes both the Premiere Products database and the Henry Books database.
Point out that the Premiere Products and Henry Books databases used in this book have the same database
design. The actual data also is the same except for the dates in the Orders table. (2)
Use the Henry Books database to point out the entities, attributes, and relationships. (8)
Identify the common field (Publisher Code) between the Publisher table and the Book table. (9, 11)
Ask students what type of relationship exists between the Publisher table and the Book table (one to many).
(9, 11)
Suggested Exercises
Assign Premiere Products exercises 4, 5, 6, and 9 as complements to the exercises in the Concepts book. (15)
Assign Henry Books exercises 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, and 11 as complements to the exercises in the Concepts book.
(16)