The document discusses the evolution of rhetoric from Aristotle to contemporary perspectives, highlighting its importance in persuasion and communication. It contrasts various philosophical views, including Plato's criticism of sophists and the role of language in shaping identities and social change. Additionally, it emphasizes the impact of modern technology on rhetoric and communication, suggesting that understanding rhetoric is crucial for navigating cultural and ideological complexities.

1. Chapter Response 1 (Chapter 1)
Aristotle's explanation embraces justifications that have an
impact on contemporary
literary and public speaking. The definition indicates that one
may use his or her
persuasion skills to persuade others to agree with the topic of
discussion because the
speaker has effective speaking patterns and thus excellently
deliberates on various
issues to the speaker's satisfaction. It usually refers to the study
of and use of written,
visual, and spoken language. According to the definition
provided, rhetoric is an art of
speech and writing that allows audiences to consider different
lines of reasoning and
comprehend logic, ethics, politics, and jurisprudence. The
rhetorical information is
presented in a way that calls the audience's attention to the facts
supporting the
argument.
Isocrates also defined rhetoric as the "ability to persuade
individuals and to make dear to
ourselves what we want. not only do we consider living like
animals, but we have come
together, built cities made laws, and invented the arts." He
continued by saying that
speech is crucial to almost all of our inventions because it
provides the foundation for
law and justice, which helps us a reason and act morally. We

2. use speech to make
arguments with others and to involve them in our thought
processes. Isocrates asserted
that talk has great influence over how things develop and how
people think and behave.
The definition is difficult in that one might use speech as a
means of negatively
persuading others, which would lead to subpar performance
across a range of
endeavors. According to Francis Bacon's definition, rhetoric
involves using persuasions
and insinuations to win over the audience's will more so than it
does use conventional
propositions and proofs, but it also pays close attention to
seditions of affections for the
audience.
Chapter Response 2 (Chapter 2)
According to Burke Kenneth, rhetoric is the use of languages to
symbolize inducing
cooperation in human beings and that nature responds to
symbolic means. Rhetoric
involves the audience, symbols, truth, analytics, and invention.
Sophists were ancient
Greek teachers who traveled, teaching rhetoric methods to
citizens. Plato disliked the
Sophists because of their interest in achieving fame, wealth, and
higher social standards.
Plato maintained that the Sophists were not philosophers and
argued that the sophists
were trading the wrong education to the rich. Plato suggested
that the Sophists did not
offer actual knowledge due to their interest in wealthy students
rather than sharing and

3. building knowledge. The sophist’s rhetoric teaching
contradicted the philosophy
portrayed by Plato; hence this issue formed the source of Plato's
distrust and disliked
among sophists. According to several studies, Plato’s doubt of
the sophists is justified
because the sophist also claimed that they could teach justice.
Yet, according to Plato, to
teach justice, one must fully dedicate him to scholarship, deep
thoughts, and virtues.
Plato hated the sophists because they used rhetoric rather than
philosophy; Plato
maintains that the sophists taught and applied natural skills
rather than applying or
teaching knowledge based on study or research.
The cannons of the rhetoric approach include invention, which
is the determination of
supporting materials and topics. Another canon is the structural
arrangement of
speeches and style, which is the usage of languages to develop a
desirable effect on the
audience. Delivery or speech presentation involves the use of
non-verbal and verbal
aspects; finally, memory is the essential canon because rhetors
only rely on; the
arrangement of the least important canon, which is concerned
with the structure or
order of the speech. According to Bircher, the modern
Christians are the equivalents of
the sophists; the text of St. Augustine's "On Christians
Doctrine" is used as a learning
manual in the training of clergy. Aristotle suggested that

4. rhetoric is the counterpart to
the dialectic approach. He suggested that individuals tend to
attack and defend
themselves in an argument. Quintilian also maintained that
philosophy played a crucial
role in rhetoric teachings. Finally, Cicero argued that the
dialectic approach aims to
acquire knowledge from personal experiences rather than
training. According to the
book, rhetoric is inferior to a dialectic method, and dialectic
encompasses the rhetoric
approach. The dialectic method seems more reasonable because
it proposes that talents
and own experiences, and training are essential in learning.
Chapter Response 3 (Chapter 4)
A language designed to bring out the art of effective writing or
persuasive speaking is
referred to as rhetoric. It involves studying how language can be
used for the
mantainence and organization of social groups to construct
meaningful identities and
create change.
Rhetoric psychology suggests that thinking is often
argumentative and rhetorical. To
attain the latter, it is recommendable that one creates
understanding and moves people
to action. The study of outward language is critical as language
often can arouse
emotions and motivate an audience. The interaction between
feelings and mental images
will usually result in outward expressions and actions that can
be expressed through
body language.

5. Rhetoric is a means of creating knowledge itself. Contrary to
Campbell’s theory, it
enhances the investigation of how to construct meanings and
identities and produce
change, making knowledge. According to Campbell's approach,
the idea of good
imagination, moving the passion of an audience, and influencing
will, is dependent on
memory and assumptions essential to all reasoning. The
perspective is, therefore,
unreconcilable as a result of the dependency nature of the
Campbell theory.
Perelman's distinction between persuading the particular
audience vs. convincing the
universal is accurate. Persuasion often claims validity from a
specific audience. On the
other hand, convincing is based on facts and actual occurrences.
Argumentation is
exclusively aimed at a particular audience and is beyond doubt
the role of the speaker to
adapt to the listener's views.
Chapter Response 4 (Chapter 5) – I got points deducted
because this was plagiarized.
The dissertation is majorly to seeks the creation if vision of
virtuality culture by the use
of theoretical expansion of Ong’s orality and literacy models of
culture. It therefore
investigates the multimodal and ubiquitous natures of virtual
culture phenomenon which

6. is mediated through technology but never elaborated through
existing culture inventions
earlier on. The examinations of the underpinnings of literacy
culture and orality,
therefore, it explores culture shifts which is starting to
restructure the consciousness of
human in various ways that the society connects, explores and
communicates. Later, the
dissertation explains on the differences between the related
traditional orality types and
culture and the virtuality culture features and going further to
include the differences
between the virtuality culture theory and secondary orality
theory and proposes the
possible ways through which contemporary technology brings
about the human
presence relating with the virtuality culture. I lastly elaborate
on the developing of
culture in fields like philosophy, technology, education, ethics,
linguistics, and politics
among many others.
“The medium is the message” is a type of methodology that
shows that various ways in
which message is strongly delivered and that is majorly affected
by its channel of
transmission. Media that is the major channel of transmission of
message should
therefore the main focus of study and not the content. The
recent theory behind
medium as the message content is carried as it is perceived in
various roles. It is
compared in the news we get in media such as Facebook, twitter
among others.
Chapter Response 5 (Chapter 6)

7. The reading from chapter 6 provides various insights regarding
the evolving
conceptualization of language and meaning under the subjects
and rhetoric, respectively.
Prominent scholars like Aristotle and Korzybski present
different ideas about language
and implied meaning. One aspect that stands out across the
contrasting points of view is
the abstract nature of language. It seems agreeable that no word
represents a particular
object and that meaning must be implied for a specific word. In
that regard, it is evident
that the emergence of mass media made this even more
apparent. The rationale is that
communication using technology devices like radios ad
cellphones enable people within
different contexts to communicate. Two people in other
countries could describe the
weather as pleasant while it is entirely different in their
locations. In such cases, the
word pleasant could have different contextual meanings.
For this reason, Korzybski proposes five extensional
devices to remedy
misunderstanding by clarifying meaning during communication.
Chain-indexing seems
more practical in explaining the meaning. For example, pleasant
weather could mean
pleasant weather resulting from sunshine. In contrast, pleasant
weather could represent
pleasant weather from light snow. Quotations could indicate
vagueness or lack of
confidence when using certain words. From the above example,

8. stating that the weather
is ‘pleasant’ would help clarify that the particular type of
weather condition or meaning
for pleasant has not been communicated. Based on these
arguments, it is agreeable that
rhetoric creates
Chapter Response 6 (Chapter 7)
Rhetoric as identification is related to the cooperation between
the audiences and the
rhetors. The audiences must persuade themselves to identify
with the rhetor, and
therefore, the process might be considered internal. Persuasion
can never occur if the
audiences do not own the persuasion process. The audiences
have to internalize the
persuasion to be able to own the process. Burke tells us that we
can be the audience of
our thoughts and act upon our messages. Polarization in social
media can occur if the
audience internalizes the messages, and as such, the audiences
act upon the message to
create polarization. When ideological dissonance occurs, the
individuals must consider
the dissonance thoughts and be mindful of what other group
members feel. It is
important to note that distance can be controlled by allowing
individuals to justify their
behaviors and eliminate ideological distances. Tragic
redemption occurs when an
individual realizes their wrongdoings and transforms into a new
individual after a tragic
event. The redemption makes the individual become
nonjudgmental and truthful.
Popular television sitcoms provide great avenues for the
provision of comic redemptions.

9. The sitcom “the office” provides a good example of the
criticism of the corporate
environment and the business rituals involved.
Critique of Thesis Instructions
CRITIQUE of THESIS
Instructions:
Select a thesis (or dissertation) from the Electronic ProQuest
Dissertation Database in an area that fits your
professional and academic knowledge goals.
The thesis must be from a college/university in the United
States.
After reading and analyzing the complete thesis, complete the
following questions.
Number in bold indicates points per question.
1. Specifically, what is the purpose of this research?
2
2. What type of research is conducted? Primary - qualitative,
quantitative, mixed? Secondary? Identify
1 and describe.
3
3. Does the author use or reference a theory or theories?
Explain. Alternatively, is there no sign of theory?
2
4. What are the listed limitations of the study?
1
5. Do you feel that they are accurate? What could be done to
reduce limitations in a replication of this study?
2
6. Who are the research participants – population and sample?
How was the sample determined and contacted? Or was it
Secondary Data?
2

10. 7. Are they the appropriate population for this study? Do they
accurately represent this study to be able to generalize from the
results? If Secondary Data - was it appropriate for this study?
Did it provide sufficient detail?
2
8. What is the “So What?” of this research? What has been
added to the body of academic and/or professional knowledge?
2
9. What are the implications for future research from the
author?
1
10. What would you add for future research?
2
11. APA reference of the thesis.
1
Format for submission:
Submit your word file and highlighted PDF of the thesis.
Typed, 1” margins, 12 point font. Follow the APA 7th Edition
Style Manual for referencing.
Use this format to reference the thesis:
Author, A. A. (Year).
Title of thesis (Publication No.) [Master's thesis, Name
of Institution Awarding the Degree]. Database Name.
For example:
Su, H. W. (2019).
The effects of benefit types on customer loyalty in
integrated resorts (Publication No. 27592340) [Master's thesis,
University of North Texas]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
Global.