Reproduction is one of the most fundamental characteristics of living organisms. It is the biological process by which organisms produce new individuals of the same species, ensuring the continuity of life on Earth. Without reproduction, life would cease to exist after the death of existing organisms. Reproduction not only maintains population size but also plays a crucial role in evolution, variation, and adaptation.
Reproduction occurs in various forms across different organisms, ranging from simple unicellular organisms to complex multicellular plants and animals. These methods are broadly classified into asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Each mode has its own mechanisms, advantages, and limitations, contributing to the survival and diversity of life.