Chapter 8: Business Processes
Upon successful completion of this chapter,
you will be able to:
• Define the term business process;
• Understand the tools of
documentation of business
processes;
• Identify the different systems
needed to support business
processes in an organization;
• Explain the value of an enterprise
resource planning (ERP) system;
• Explain how business process
management and business process
reengineering work; and
• Understand how information
technology combined with
business processes can bring an
organization competitive
advantage.
Introduction
The fourth component of information systems is process. But what
is a process and how does it tie into information systems? And in
what
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 161
ways do processes have a role in business? This chapter looks to
answer those questions and also describe how business processes
can be used for strategic advantage.
What Is a Business Process?
We have all heard the term process before, but what exactly
does it mean? A process is a series of tasks that are completed in
order to accomplish a goal. A business process, therefore, is a
process that is focused on achieving a goal for a business.
Processes are something that businesses go through every day in
order to accomplish their mission. The better their processes, the
more effective the business. Some businesses see their processes
as a strategy for achieving competitive advantage. A process that
achieves its goal in a unique way can set a company apart. A
process that eliminates costs can allow a company to lower its
prices (or retain more profit). If you have worked in a business
setting, you have participated in a business process. Anything
from a simple process for making a sandwich at Subway to
building a space shuttle utilizes one or more business processes.
In the context of information systems, a business process is a set
of business activities performed by human actors and/or the
information system to accomplish a specific outcome.
Documenting a Process
Every day each of us will perform many processes without
even thinking about them such as getting ready for work, using
an ATM, texting a friend, etc. As processes grow more complex,
documenting becomes necessary. It is essential for businesses to
do this because it allows them to ensure control over how
activities are undertaken in their organization. It also allows for
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 162
standardization. For example, McDonald’s has the same process for
building a Big Mac in all of its restaurants. The simplest way to
document a process is to just create a list. The list shows each step
in the process. Each step can be checked off upon completion. A
simple process such as how to create an account on Gmail might
look like this:
1. Go to gmail.com.
2. Click “Create accoun ...
422019 Business Processeshttpslearn.umuc.edud2llec.docxtroutmanboris
4/2/2019 Business Processes
https://learn.umuc.edu/d2l/le/content/363415/fullscreen/14082183/View 1/17
Business Processes
Introduction
The fourth component of information systems is process. But what is a process and how does it tie into
information systems? And in what ways do processes have a role in business? This reading will look to
answer those questions and also describe how business processes can be used for strategic advantage.
What Is a Business Process?
We have all heard the term process before, but what exactly does it mean? A process is a series of tasks that
are completed in order to accomplish a goal. A business process, therefore, is a process that is focused on
achieving a goal for a business. If you have worked in a business setting, you have participated in a business
process. Anything from a simple process for making a sandwich at Subway to building a space shuttle
utilizes one or more business processes.
Learning Resource
4/2/2019 Business Processes
https://learn.umuc.edu/d2l/le/content/363415/fullscreen/14082183/View 2/17
Processes are something that businesses go through every day in order to accomplish their mission. The
better their processes, the more effective the business. Some businesses see their processes as a strategy
for achieving competitive advantage. A process that achieves its goal in a unique way can set a company
apart. A process that eliminates costs can allow a company to lower its prices (or retain more profit).
Documenting a Process
Every day, each of us will conduct many processes without even thinking about them: getting ready for
work, using an ATM, reading our email, etc. But as processes grow more complex, they need to be
documented. For businesses, it is essential to do this because it allows them to ensure control over how
activities are undertaken in their organization. It also allows for standardization: McDonald’s has the same
process for building a Big Mac in all of its restaurants.
The simplest way to document a process is to simply create a list. The list shows each step in the process;
each step can be checked off upon completion. For example, a simple process, such as how to create an
account on eBay, might look like this:
1. Go to ebay.com.
2. Click on “register.”
3. Enter your contact information in the “Tell us about you” box.
4. Choose your user ID and password.
5. Agree to User Agreement and Privacy Policy by clicking on “Submit.”
For processes that are not so straightforward, documenting the process as a checklist may not be sufficient.
For example, here is the process for determining if an article for a term needs to be added to Wikipedia:
4/2/2019 Business Processes
https://learn.umuc.edu/d2l/le/content/363415/fullscreen/14082183/View 3/17
1. Search Wikipedia to determine if the term already exists.
2. If the term is found, then an article is already written, so you must think of another term. Go to 1.
3. If the term is not found, th.
1. The document discusses business processes and how documenting processes is important for businesses. It provides examples of how to document simple and more complex processes using checklists and diagrams.
2. Managing business process documentation is also discussed as being vital, including using a management system to store, track, and update documents with versions, approvals, and change notifications.
3. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are summarized as centralized software applications that can manage an entire company's operations. Reasons for implementing ERP include integrating financials, standardizing manufacturing and HR processes, and providing business intelligence tools.
Customized for the students of CA-IPCC.
This study notes will give you the detailed knowledge about Business Process and from the basic also explain what is process its types and more, in addition, this will take you towards the automated process how it will create and why we need automated process. In addition study notes also show you the business process flow. It also defines Enterprise Risk Managment with all relevant Risk and Control. It also includes the IT Act and its requirement. This chapter also covers the Flowe Chart, Data Flow Diagram and more.
1. The document discusses enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and introduces some key concepts. ERP systems aim to integrate business functions and information across departments.
2. As companies grew larger, departments became more isolated with their own procedures and data. ERP systems eliminate these "islands of information" by creating a centralized enterprise-wide database.
3. ERP systems provide benefits like improved efficiency, flexible and real-time decision making support, and eliminating limitations of legacy systems. However, ERP implementations sometimes fail if not chosen, implemented, and used properly. User training and acceptance is important for success.
Analysis of AIS of any Public Limited Corporation (UBL)waQas ilYas
The document provides information about United Bank Limited (UBL), including:
1) UBL is one of the largest banks in Pakistan with over 1,400 domestic branches and 19 overseas branches.
2) The document describes some of UBL's accounting information systems like Omni accounts which allow customers to conduct banking via SMS.
3) It provides details on how to open a UBL Omni account, conduct transactions via SMS/mobile top-ups, and make withdrawals at agents or branches.
Chapter 6Systems6.1 Information Systems6.1.1 What JinElias52
Chapter 6
Systems
6.1 Information Systems
6.1.1 What is an Information System?
CS, Complex Problems
● Computer Science
● Software Engineering
● Information Systems
● Information Technology
● Customer CS, Applied
Solution
s
D
is
co
ve
ry
Customer Support
CS Venn Diagram
A system is a group of procedures and different elements
that work together in order to complete a task. Now we
can add on to this to get information systems. Informa-
tion systems are much the same, there are elements and
procedures to work to complete a task. The difference
is information systems are used to generate information
for the users on a need basis. Information systems man-
age and process data as soon as they are created. They
can also be used for long term planning or just the day
to day work. While systems are great and can ease your
life, they are static, which means someone will need to
change the systems when new needs arise. This is called
system development. While it could be costly, there re-
ally is a need for system development since things change
constantly. Whether there are new laws or a new policy
within the company.
Some information systems are meant to be used by all lev-
els of employees while others are specifically designed
to handle the needs of employees with certain respon-
sibilities. As one goes higher up the company ladder,
it can be seen how responsibilities may increase relative
to position. It is for this reason that some information
systems are designed to hone in on the needs of certain
Management Pyramid
level employees. At the ground level, employees gener-
ally make job related decisions that are based on “on-the-
job” input without having to consider how those decisions
will effect other departments or employees in other po-
sitions. These usually involve transaction systems such
as point-of-sales or warehouse systems that record stock
and inventory. Operational managers such as supervisors
or foremen use separate information systems designed to
meet short term goals and gains. They might use systems
that show the productivity of employees or the cost effec-
tiveness of certain changes they've made in production.
Middle managers are a step up from this and use informa-
tion systems that house a broader range of information to
make more tactical decisions. These decisions are usually
aimed at a farther sighted goal than those of Operational
managers and often need more intelligence pulled from
data systems in order to reach these objectives. Middle
managers might be more concerned with how to improve
yearly gains and may use systems that will deliver more
detailed information about specific locations of factories
or retailers in certain states. Executive managers think
in terms of the future and the direction of a company re-
lated to their peer corporations. They make very strategic
decisions to ensure the survival of the entire company as
a whole in relation to the economy and competition. The
systems they use mi ...
Suggest an intelligent framework for building business process management [ p...ijseajournal
As companies enter into the digital world, information technology is playing a major role in bringing
process improvements to the forefront of business management. In the recent decades, many organizations
have struggled to redesign and improve their business processes to reduce their total cost. The main
contribution of this research study is to propose an intelligent framework that possesses the ability to
employ a database of best practices, business standards, and business activity history in order to permit the
manager to analyze and improve the design of the business processes.
In addition, the other objective of this research is to build a business process or workflow directly from its
process design logic in order to enable rapid process development and deployment. This procedure
requires some technical improvements of the business design, as it is mainly based on building the business
process using Microsoft Office Visio, which communicates the defined business process to the business
process management engine.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software integrates internal and external management of resources across an entire organization. ERP aims to integrate all data and processes of a company into a single system. It benefits organizations by streamlining processes, improving communication and access to real-time information across departments. While ERP implementation requires significant costs and process changes, it provides increased efficiency and control when successfully adopted.
422019 Business Processeshttpslearn.umuc.edud2llec.docxtroutmanboris
4/2/2019 Business Processes
https://learn.umuc.edu/d2l/le/content/363415/fullscreen/14082183/View 1/17
Business Processes
Introduction
The fourth component of information systems is process. But what is a process and how does it tie into
information systems? And in what ways do processes have a role in business? This reading will look to
answer those questions and also describe how business processes can be used for strategic advantage.
What Is a Business Process?
We have all heard the term process before, but what exactly does it mean? A process is a series of tasks that
are completed in order to accomplish a goal. A business process, therefore, is a process that is focused on
achieving a goal for a business. If you have worked in a business setting, you have participated in a business
process. Anything from a simple process for making a sandwich at Subway to building a space shuttle
utilizes one or more business processes.
Learning Resource
4/2/2019 Business Processes
https://learn.umuc.edu/d2l/le/content/363415/fullscreen/14082183/View 2/17
Processes are something that businesses go through every day in order to accomplish their mission. The
better their processes, the more effective the business. Some businesses see their processes as a strategy
for achieving competitive advantage. A process that achieves its goal in a unique way can set a company
apart. A process that eliminates costs can allow a company to lower its prices (or retain more profit).
Documenting a Process
Every day, each of us will conduct many processes without even thinking about them: getting ready for
work, using an ATM, reading our email, etc. But as processes grow more complex, they need to be
documented. For businesses, it is essential to do this because it allows them to ensure control over how
activities are undertaken in their organization. It also allows for standardization: McDonald’s has the same
process for building a Big Mac in all of its restaurants.
The simplest way to document a process is to simply create a list. The list shows each step in the process;
each step can be checked off upon completion. For example, a simple process, such as how to create an
account on eBay, might look like this:
1. Go to ebay.com.
2. Click on “register.”
3. Enter your contact information in the “Tell us about you” box.
4. Choose your user ID and password.
5. Agree to User Agreement and Privacy Policy by clicking on “Submit.”
For processes that are not so straightforward, documenting the process as a checklist may not be sufficient.
For example, here is the process for determining if an article for a term needs to be added to Wikipedia:
4/2/2019 Business Processes
https://learn.umuc.edu/d2l/le/content/363415/fullscreen/14082183/View 3/17
1. Search Wikipedia to determine if the term already exists.
2. If the term is found, then an article is already written, so you must think of another term. Go to 1.
3. If the term is not found, th.
1. The document discusses business processes and how documenting processes is important for businesses. It provides examples of how to document simple and more complex processes using checklists and diagrams.
2. Managing business process documentation is also discussed as being vital, including using a management system to store, track, and update documents with versions, approvals, and change notifications.
3. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are summarized as centralized software applications that can manage an entire company's operations. Reasons for implementing ERP include integrating financials, standardizing manufacturing and HR processes, and providing business intelligence tools.
Customized for the students of CA-IPCC.
This study notes will give you the detailed knowledge about Business Process and from the basic also explain what is process its types and more, in addition, this will take you towards the automated process how it will create and why we need automated process. In addition study notes also show you the business process flow. It also defines Enterprise Risk Managment with all relevant Risk and Control. It also includes the IT Act and its requirement. This chapter also covers the Flowe Chart, Data Flow Diagram and more.
1. The document discusses enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and introduces some key concepts. ERP systems aim to integrate business functions and information across departments.
2. As companies grew larger, departments became more isolated with their own procedures and data. ERP systems eliminate these "islands of information" by creating a centralized enterprise-wide database.
3. ERP systems provide benefits like improved efficiency, flexible and real-time decision making support, and eliminating limitations of legacy systems. However, ERP implementations sometimes fail if not chosen, implemented, and used properly. User training and acceptance is important for success.
Analysis of AIS of any Public Limited Corporation (UBL)waQas ilYas
The document provides information about United Bank Limited (UBL), including:
1) UBL is one of the largest banks in Pakistan with over 1,400 domestic branches and 19 overseas branches.
2) The document describes some of UBL's accounting information systems like Omni accounts which allow customers to conduct banking via SMS.
3) It provides details on how to open a UBL Omni account, conduct transactions via SMS/mobile top-ups, and make withdrawals at agents or branches.
Chapter 6Systems6.1 Information Systems6.1.1 What JinElias52
Chapter 6
Systems
6.1 Information Systems
6.1.1 What is an Information System?
CS, Complex Problems
● Computer Science
● Software Engineering
● Information Systems
● Information Technology
● Customer CS, Applied
Solution
s
D
is
co
ve
ry
Customer Support
CS Venn Diagram
A system is a group of procedures and different elements
that work together in order to complete a task. Now we
can add on to this to get information systems. Informa-
tion systems are much the same, there are elements and
procedures to work to complete a task. The difference
is information systems are used to generate information
for the users on a need basis. Information systems man-
age and process data as soon as they are created. They
can also be used for long term planning or just the day
to day work. While systems are great and can ease your
life, they are static, which means someone will need to
change the systems when new needs arise. This is called
system development. While it could be costly, there re-
ally is a need for system development since things change
constantly. Whether there are new laws or a new policy
within the company.
Some information systems are meant to be used by all lev-
els of employees while others are specifically designed
to handle the needs of employees with certain respon-
sibilities. As one goes higher up the company ladder,
it can be seen how responsibilities may increase relative
to position. It is for this reason that some information
systems are designed to hone in on the needs of certain
Management Pyramid
level employees. At the ground level, employees gener-
ally make job related decisions that are based on “on-the-
job” input without having to consider how those decisions
will effect other departments or employees in other po-
sitions. These usually involve transaction systems such
as point-of-sales or warehouse systems that record stock
and inventory. Operational managers such as supervisors
or foremen use separate information systems designed to
meet short term goals and gains. They might use systems
that show the productivity of employees or the cost effec-
tiveness of certain changes they've made in production.
Middle managers are a step up from this and use informa-
tion systems that house a broader range of information to
make more tactical decisions. These decisions are usually
aimed at a farther sighted goal than those of Operational
managers and often need more intelligence pulled from
data systems in order to reach these objectives. Middle
managers might be more concerned with how to improve
yearly gains and may use systems that will deliver more
detailed information about specific locations of factories
or retailers in certain states. Executive managers think
in terms of the future and the direction of a company re-
lated to their peer corporations. They make very strategic
decisions to ensure the survival of the entire company as
a whole in relation to the economy and competition. The
systems they use mi ...
Suggest an intelligent framework for building business process management [ p...ijseajournal
As companies enter into the digital world, information technology is playing a major role in bringing
process improvements to the forefront of business management. In the recent decades, many organizations
have struggled to redesign and improve their business processes to reduce their total cost. The main
contribution of this research study is to propose an intelligent framework that possesses the ability to
employ a database of best practices, business standards, and business activity history in order to permit the
manager to analyze and improve the design of the business processes.
In addition, the other objective of this research is to build a business process or workflow directly from its
process design logic in order to enable rapid process development and deployment. This procedure
requires some technical improvements of the business design, as it is mainly based on building the business
process using Microsoft Office Visio, which communicates the defined business process to the business
process management engine.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software integrates internal and external management of resources across an entire organization. ERP aims to integrate all data and processes of a company into a single system. It benefits organizations by streamlining processes, improving communication and access to real-time information across departments. While ERP implementation requires significant costs and process changes, it provides increased efficiency and control when successfully adopted.
Development reference model to build management reporter using dynamics great...CSITiaesprime
The digital technology transformation impacts changes in business patterns that require companies to innovate to act appropriately in making strategic decisions quickly, precisely, and accurately to increase efficiency, be practical company performance, and impacts changes in business patterns that require companies to innovate to act appropriately in making strategic decisions quickly to improve the performance. An enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is one step toward achieving performance. ERP system is one step to achieving performance. ERP system is essential for companies to automate the efficiency of business processes. The decisions from management in implementing the ERP system are necessary for ERP implementation to be successful. However, in practice, companies still experience complexity. For that, it needs to be considered related a business process reference model is essential to enhance efficiency in implementing the ERP used. This research discusses the business process reference model based on the ERP dynamics great plain (GP) application aggregated using management reporter (MR) to help users better understand the practical overview. The methodology utilizes a reference model based on Microsoft Dynamics GP guidelines with a business process redesign approach. This contributes to developing business processes to help users understand using the ERP dynamics GP application.
BPM or Business Process Management is a holistic management approach that aligns business processes with customer wants and needs to improve business effectiveness and efficiency. It aims to continuously improve processes through a process optimization process. BPM sees processes as strategic assets that must be understood, managed, and improved to deliver value. It offers an integrated approach to organizational change that is both human and technological.
This document provides information about an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system assignment submitted by 5 students to their professor. It includes a title page with their names and submission date, a letter of transmission to the professor requesting acceptance of their work, and an acknowledgement section thanking the professor and others for their support and guidance. The document then outlines the table of contents and provides details in 5 chapters on the introduction of ERP systems, their technical and financial profiles, ERP in Bangladesh, and a conclusion.
Traditional BPM focuses on continuously improving business processes through a defined lifecycle of modeling, implementing, executing, monitoring, and optimizing processes. However, in today's digital world, a proactive digital strategy is needed that identifies customer outcomes and uses digital technologies to improve processes, combine data and capabilities, and enhance customer experiences. Disruptive digital innovations are transforming traditional ways of doing business and relationships. Healthcare in the US is very expensive yet quality lags other countries - costs are over double the median for other industrialized nations but preventable medical errors and issues with access and chronic care remain problems.
This presentation provides a high-level overview of BPM and where it is today.
It also touches on some of the core technologies and standards.
Its focus is on the four specific “Challenges” facing BPM and they are aligned to the four phases of the typical application development life cycle.
1. Discovery
2. Design
3. Development
4. Deployment
This presentation is about managment and how it is affect the whole organization in a good way or bad way. I've made a small research about Toyota company and how they've applied the six business objectives.
This presentation was one of the requirements of MIS203 course in Yanbu University College.
BPM (Business Process Management) uses automated systems and tools (BPMS - Business Process Management Systems) to model, execute, monitor and optimize business processes. A BPMS helps achieve benefits like increased efficiency, visibility, agility and cost savings. Case studies on BP and Nextel Mexico show how a BPMS reduced transaction costs by 80% and 300% ROI for BP, and reduced activation time from 5 to <3 hours with 71% lower costs for Nextel Mexico. Overall, a BPMS can impact both revenues and costs to provide quantifiable value to organizations.
This document discusses Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. It defines ERP as a way to integrate all data and processes of an organization into a single system using a unified database. The document outlines key components of ERP systems including integration of functions like finance, HR, supply chain etc. It describes advantages of ERP like improved productivity, data sharing and forecasting. Implementation challenges include significant changes required, long timelines and high costs.
Evaluating phase level for critical success factors of BPM-system implementat...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
This document provides an introduction to business process reengineering (BPR) and enterprise resource planning (ERP). It defines BPR as fundamentally rethinking and redesigning business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in areas like cost, quality and speed. The objectives of BPR include reducing costs and time, improving customer service and reinventing business rules. ERP software aims to integrate all departments and functions across a company onto a single system. It discusses the benefits of ERP including lower costs and better data access, as well as challenges such as high implementation costs and potential inflexibility.
This document provides an overview of business process management (BPM) and key related concepts like enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. It discusses what BPM is, the typical stages of BPM, how organizations can model and improve business processes, and how information systems play an important role in implementing business processes. Specific topics covered include cross-functional processes, supply chain management processes, the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) standard, customer relationship management (CRM) systems, and how ERP systems integrate activities across the organization's value chain.
MBA 5401, Management Information Systems 1 Course Le.docxandreecapon
MBA 5401, Management Information Systems 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Explain the concepts and applications of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
systems.
2. Explain the critical concepts of distributed systems and client/server systems,
including the role of middleware and the distinction between two-tier and
three-tier client/server systems.
3. Describe seven major types of organizational systems in use today.
4. Explain the concept of knowledge management and how it is implemented in
an organization.
5. Describe ten major types of managerial support systems in use today.
6. Differentiate the types of managerial support systems, and how they relate to
the enterprise systems.
Unit Lesson
Just What is ERP?
To answer this question, it helps to look back and consider how companies managed
before enterprise resource planning (ERP). Companies consist of a number of
functions that each work together to earn a profit. These include the creation of a
product, (Research and Development (R&D), the production of a product
(manufacturing), locating clients and offering the product for sale (Sales and
Marketing), shipping the product (warehouse functions), and finally, taking money and
accounting for the sale (Finance and Accounting). Prior to the advent of computer
systems in business, each function carried out their respective jobs on paper, and kept
detailed records in journals, file folders, and filing systems. As the technology became
available, some of these paper functions became computerized in order to make them
more efficient. However, computerization did not solve the fundamental problem of the
paper organization—the difficulty of sharing data.
In a paper organization, accounting kept the books in accounting journals, sales and
marketing made notes of contacts in pocket planners and wrote paper reports—or
perhaps even sent and received faxes. R&D kept records in engineering notebooks,
and finally, the warehouse function kept files and records of incoming and outgoing
transactions. ERP was a response to the problem of the intra-organizational sharing of
Reading
Assignment
Chapter 5:
Enterprise Systems
Chapter 6:
Managerial Support
Systems
Key Terms
1. Batch processing
2. Data mining
3. Data warehousing
4. Decision support
system (DSS)
5. Enterprise resource
planning (ERP)
6. Enterprise systems
7. Executive support
system (EIS)
8. Group support
system (GSS)
9. Groupware
10. Intranet
11. Managerial support
systems
12. Material requirements
planning (MRP)
13. Online processing
UNIT III STUDY GUIDE
Enterprise and Support Systems
MBA 5401, Management Information Systems 2
data that previously resided in a function so that companies could become more
focused and competitive. However, ERP was not born in a day—rather, it started in ...
Discuss about business processes in organizations and related approaches such as business process management and business process re-engineering. Also it highlights about information systems that used to manage processes such as document management systems and ERP systems. And Finally introducing ISO certification.
my professor ask me this question what should be answer(your resea.docxJinElias52
my professor ask me this question what should be answer(
your research does a very good job of explaining the topic and the changes in FASB. How did you plan to incorporate your reading from the Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan text?
Daniels, J., Radebaugh, L., and Sullivan, D. (2015). International Business: Environments and Operations 15e. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN: 13:978-0-13-345723-0.
i want only answer this question
.
My assignment is to create a 12-page argumentativepersuasive rese.docxJinElias52
My assignment is to create a 12-page argumentative/persuasive research paper given one of the following option:
Argue for or against a business decision, organizational plan, business philosophy, policy decision, or concept related to the class. On Corporate Social Responsibility
.
Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the Globe Please respond to th.docxJinElias52
Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the Globe"
Please respond to the following,
using sources under the Explore heading as the basis of your response
:
Describe the functions of ancient myths, using examples from two (2) different neolithic cultures, and comment on whether myth is inherently fictional. Using modern examples, discuss ways modern belief systems, secular or religious, function for modern cultures in a similar fashion.
Explore
Neolithic societies and myths
Chapter 1 (pp. 6-8. 18-23, 29), myths in prehistory and early cultures
Ancient myths in regions around the globe at
http://www.windows2universe.org/mythology/worldmap_new.html
and
http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/
.
.
Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the GlobePlease respond to .docxJinElias52
"Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the Globe"
Please respond to the following,
using sources under the Explore heading as the basis of your response
:
Describe the functions of ancient myths, using examples from two (2) different neolithic cultures, and comment on whether myth is inherently fictional. Using modern examples, discuss ways modern belief systems, secular or religious, function for modern cultures in a similar fashion.
Explore
Neolithic societies and myths
Ancient myths in regions around the globe at
http://www.windows2universe.org/mythology/worldmap_new.html
and
http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/
.
.
Mycobacterium tuberculosisYou must review the contents of your n.docxJinElias52
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
You must review the contents of your news article and discuss what type of microorganism it is, if the organism is in nature or is used in industry or causes disease. If it causes disease you must discuss transmission, increasing incidence, factors contributing to the spread of the organism, lab culturing, etc.
300-400 words
.
My TopicI would like to do my case application on Helen Keller’s.docxJinElias52
My Topic:
"I would like to do my case application on Helen Keller’s fight with learning disability. I chose Helen Keller because she is one of the most important personality and the first person without hearing or sight to earn a BA. Her story is narrated in the movie “The Miracle Worker.”
For additional details, please refer to the Milestone Two Rubric document and the Final Project Document in the Assignment Guidelines and Rubrics section of the course.
.
My topic is the terms a Congress person serves and debate on adding .docxJinElias52
My topic is the terms a Congress person serves and debate on adding limitations to how long a person can be in Congress.
The Pros and Cons of the unlimited terms in congress
Do members of congress to support position people of the state they represent therefore should be able to change and if it will benefit.
How to Add limitations on the term served by congress
Follow the directions below for the completion of the Annotated Bibliography assignment for Unit II.
Purpose: The purpose of the annotated bibliography is to summarize the sources that you have gathered to support your research proposal project. These summaries help you to think about the complex arguments presented in your sources. Description: In this assignment, you will create an annotated bibliography consisting of seven sources. Each entry will consist of a reference list citation, a summary of the source’s information, and a one-sentence assessment. Each annotation should be between 150 to 200 words. If an entry is shorter than 150 words, it is likely you have not fully developed your summary, and this lack of development can severely impact your grade for this assignment.
.
My topic is anywhere, anytime information work, which means tele-wor.docxJinElias52
My topic is anywhere, anytime information work, which means tele-work, and we choose ( AT&T toggle)
I've done all the questions but i need more detail , deep answers .
1- write an introduction about ( anywhere, anytime information work) in details and conclusion about the company and application
2-write a brief explanation about the company it self ( AT&T)
3- plagiarism not accepted
4- use simple words
5- make it 12 or 11 pages
.
Development reference model to build management reporter using dynamics great...CSITiaesprime
The digital technology transformation impacts changes in business patterns that require companies to innovate to act appropriately in making strategic decisions quickly, precisely, and accurately to increase efficiency, be practical company performance, and impacts changes in business patterns that require companies to innovate to act appropriately in making strategic decisions quickly to improve the performance. An enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is one step toward achieving performance. ERP system is one step to achieving performance. ERP system is essential for companies to automate the efficiency of business processes. The decisions from management in implementing the ERP system are necessary for ERP implementation to be successful. However, in practice, companies still experience complexity. For that, it needs to be considered related a business process reference model is essential to enhance efficiency in implementing the ERP used. This research discusses the business process reference model based on the ERP dynamics great plain (GP) application aggregated using management reporter (MR) to help users better understand the practical overview. The methodology utilizes a reference model based on Microsoft Dynamics GP guidelines with a business process redesign approach. This contributes to developing business processes to help users understand using the ERP dynamics GP application.
BPM or Business Process Management is a holistic management approach that aligns business processes with customer wants and needs to improve business effectiveness and efficiency. It aims to continuously improve processes through a process optimization process. BPM sees processes as strategic assets that must be understood, managed, and improved to deliver value. It offers an integrated approach to organizational change that is both human and technological.
This document provides information about an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system assignment submitted by 5 students to their professor. It includes a title page with their names and submission date, a letter of transmission to the professor requesting acceptance of their work, and an acknowledgement section thanking the professor and others for their support and guidance. The document then outlines the table of contents and provides details in 5 chapters on the introduction of ERP systems, their technical and financial profiles, ERP in Bangladesh, and a conclusion.
Traditional BPM focuses on continuously improving business processes through a defined lifecycle of modeling, implementing, executing, monitoring, and optimizing processes. However, in today's digital world, a proactive digital strategy is needed that identifies customer outcomes and uses digital technologies to improve processes, combine data and capabilities, and enhance customer experiences. Disruptive digital innovations are transforming traditional ways of doing business and relationships. Healthcare in the US is very expensive yet quality lags other countries - costs are over double the median for other industrialized nations but preventable medical errors and issues with access and chronic care remain problems.
This presentation provides a high-level overview of BPM and where it is today.
It also touches on some of the core technologies and standards.
Its focus is on the four specific “Challenges” facing BPM and they are aligned to the four phases of the typical application development life cycle.
1. Discovery
2. Design
3. Development
4. Deployment
This presentation is about managment and how it is affect the whole organization in a good way or bad way. I've made a small research about Toyota company and how they've applied the six business objectives.
This presentation was one of the requirements of MIS203 course in Yanbu University College.
BPM (Business Process Management) uses automated systems and tools (BPMS - Business Process Management Systems) to model, execute, monitor and optimize business processes. A BPMS helps achieve benefits like increased efficiency, visibility, agility and cost savings. Case studies on BP and Nextel Mexico show how a BPMS reduced transaction costs by 80% and 300% ROI for BP, and reduced activation time from 5 to <3 hours with 71% lower costs for Nextel Mexico. Overall, a BPMS can impact both revenues and costs to provide quantifiable value to organizations.
This document discusses Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. It defines ERP as a way to integrate all data and processes of an organization into a single system using a unified database. The document outlines key components of ERP systems including integration of functions like finance, HR, supply chain etc. It describes advantages of ERP like improved productivity, data sharing and forecasting. Implementation challenges include significant changes required, long timelines and high costs.
Evaluating phase level for critical success factors of BPM-system implementat...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
This document provides an introduction to business process reengineering (BPR) and enterprise resource planning (ERP). It defines BPR as fundamentally rethinking and redesigning business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in areas like cost, quality and speed. The objectives of BPR include reducing costs and time, improving customer service and reinventing business rules. ERP software aims to integrate all departments and functions across a company onto a single system. It discusses the benefits of ERP including lower costs and better data access, as well as challenges such as high implementation costs and potential inflexibility.
This document provides an overview of business process management (BPM) and key related concepts like enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. It discusses what BPM is, the typical stages of BPM, how organizations can model and improve business processes, and how information systems play an important role in implementing business processes. Specific topics covered include cross-functional processes, supply chain management processes, the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) standard, customer relationship management (CRM) systems, and how ERP systems integrate activities across the organization's value chain.
MBA 5401, Management Information Systems 1 Course Le.docxandreecapon
MBA 5401, Management Information Systems 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit III
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Explain the concepts and applications of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
systems.
2. Explain the critical concepts of distributed systems and client/server systems,
including the role of middleware and the distinction between two-tier and
three-tier client/server systems.
3. Describe seven major types of organizational systems in use today.
4. Explain the concept of knowledge management and how it is implemented in
an organization.
5. Describe ten major types of managerial support systems in use today.
6. Differentiate the types of managerial support systems, and how they relate to
the enterprise systems.
Unit Lesson
Just What is ERP?
To answer this question, it helps to look back and consider how companies managed
before enterprise resource planning (ERP). Companies consist of a number of
functions that each work together to earn a profit. These include the creation of a
product, (Research and Development (R&D), the production of a product
(manufacturing), locating clients and offering the product for sale (Sales and
Marketing), shipping the product (warehouse functions), and finally, taking money and
accounting for the sale (Finance and Accounting). Prior to the advent of computer
systems in business, each function carried out their respective jobs on paper, and kept
detailed records in journals, file folders, and filing systems. As the technology became
available, some of these paper functions became computerized in order to make them
more efficient. However, computerization did not solve the fundamental problem of the
paper organization—the difficulty of sharing data.
In a paper organization, accounting kept the books in accounting journals, sales and
marketing made notes of contacts in pocket planners and wrote paper reports—or
perhaps even sent and received faxes. R&D kept records in engineering notebooks,
and finally, the warehouse function kept files and records of incoming and outgoing
transactions. ERP was a response to the problem of the intra-organizational sharing of
Reading
Assignment
Chapter 5:
Enterprise Systems
Chapter 6:
Managerial Support
Systems
Key Terms
1. Batch processing
2. Data mining
3. Data warehousing
4. Decision support
system (DSS)
5. Enterprise resource
planning (ERP)
6. Enterprise systems
7. Executive support
system (EIS)
8. Group support
system (GSS)
9. Groupware
10. Intranet
11. Managerial support
systems
12. Material requirements
planning (MRP)
13. Online processing
UNIT III STUDY GUIDE
Enterprise and Support Systems
MBA 5401, Management Information Systems 2
data that previously resided in a function so that companies could become more
focused and competitive. However, ERP was not born in a day—rather, it started in ...
Discuss about business processes in organizations and related approaches such as business process management and business process re-engineering. Also it highlights about information systems that used to manage processes such as document management systems and ERP systems. And Finally introducing ISO certification.
my professor ask me this question what should be answer(your resea.docxJinElias52
my professor ask me this question what should be answer(
your research does a very good job of explaining the topic and the changes in FASB. How did you plan to incorporate your reading from the Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan text?
Daniels, J., Radebaugh, L., and Sullivan, D. (2015). International Business: Environments and Operations 15e. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN: 13:978-0-13-345723-0.
i want only answer this question
.
My assignment is to create a 12-page argumentativepersuasive rese.docxJinElias52
My assignment is to create a 12-page argumentative/persuasive research paper given one of the following option:
Argue for or against a business decision, organizational plan, business philosophy, policy decision, or concept related to the class. On Corporate Social Responsibility
.
Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the Globe Please respond to th.docxJinElias52
Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the Globe"
Please respond to the following,
using sources under the Explore heading as the basis of your response
:
Describe the functions of ancient myths, using examples from two (2) different neolithic cultures, and comment on whether myth is inherently fictional. Using modern examples, discuss ways modern belief systems, secular or religious, function for modern cultures in a similar fashion.
Explore
Neolithic societies and myths
Chapter 1 (pp. 6-8. 18-23, 29), myths in prehistory and early cultures
Ancient myths in regions around the globe at
http://www.windows2universe.org/mythology/worldmap_new.html
and
http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/
.
.
Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the GlobePlease respond to .docxJinElias52
"Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the Globe"
Please respond to the following,
using sources under the Explore heading as the basis of your response
:
Describe the functions of ancient myths, using examples from two (2) different neolithic cultures, and comment on whether myth is inherently fictional. Using modern examples, discuss ways modern belief systems, secular or religious, function for modern cultures in a similar fashion.
Explore
Neolithic societies and myths
Ancient myths in regions around the globe at
http://www.windows2universe.org/mythology/worldmap_new.html
and
http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/
.
.
Mycobacterium tuberculosisYou must review the contents of your n.docxJinElias52
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
You must review the contents of your news article and discuss what type of microorganism it is, if the organism is in nature or is used in industry or causes disease. If it causes disease you must discuss transmission, increasing incidence, factors contributing to the spread of the organism, lab culturing, etc.
300-400 words
.
My TopicI would like to do my case application on Helen Keller’s.docxJinElias52
My Topic:
"I would like to do my case application on Helen Keller’s fight with learning disability. I chose Helen Keller because she is one of the most important personality and the first person without hearing or sight to earn a BA. Her story is narrated in the movie “The Miracle Worker.”
For additional details, please refer to the Milestone Two Rubric document and the Final Project Document in the Assignment Guidelines and Rubrics section of the course.
.
My topic is the terms a Congress person serves and debate on adding .docxJinElias52
My topic is the terms a Congress person serves and debate on adding limitations to how long a person can be in Congress.
The Pros and Cons of the unlimited terms in congress
Do members of congress to support position people of the state they represent therefore should be able to change and if it will benefit.
How to Add limitations on the term served by congress
Follow the directions below for the completion of the Annotated Bibliography assignment for Unit II.
Purpose: The purpose of the annotated bibliography is to summarize the sources that you have gathered to support your research proposal project. These summaries help you to think about the complex arguments presented in your sources. Description: In this assignment, you will create an annotated bibliography consisting of seven sources. Each entry will consist of a reference list citation, a summary of the source’s information, and a one-sentence assessment. Each annotation should be between 150 to 200 words. If an entry is shorter than 150 words, it is likely you have not fully developed your summary, and this lack of development can severely impact your grade for this assignment.
.
My topic is anywhere, anytime information work, which means tele-wor.docxJinElias52
My topic is anywhere, anytime information work, which means tele-work, and we choose ( AT&T toggle)
I've done all the questions but i need more detail , deep answers .
1- write an introduction about ( anywhere, anytime information work) in details and conclusion about the company and application
2-write a brief explanation about the company it self ( AT&T)
3- plagiarism not accepted
4- use simple words
5- make it 12 or 11 pages
.
My topic for module-2 reaction paper was on news, data, and other me.docxJinElias52
My topic for module-2 reaction paper was on news, data, and other media means of delivering information to the public. When gathering all the information and reflecting on my personal experience when watching, reading or listening to the news outlets was very addicting. To see news clips from the wars past or deployments after the fact was real-time history for most of us (me), yet our families, friends and other members not physically at that location waiting to hear something can be very overwhelming. My question is the methods and absorbing of news
: Are citizens informed about terrorism and is it overwhelming?
.
My Topic for the paper I would like to do my case application on He.docxJinElias52
My Topic for the paper: I would like to do my case application on Helen Keller’s fight with learning disability. I chose Helen Keller because she is one of the most important personality and the first person without hearing or sight to earn a BA. Her story is narrated in the movie “The Miracle Worker.”
.
n a 2 page paper, written in APA format using proper spellinggramma.docxJinElias52
n a 2 page paper, written in APA format using proper spelling/grammar, address the following:
Briefly explain Piaget's and Erikson's theories of development. Who had a better theory of human development: Erikson or Piaget? Please offer detail to explain your choice.
What tips would you give to someone who has just suffered a major loss, now that you know the stages of grief?
.
My research proposal is on fall prevention WRTG 394 s.docxJinElias52
My research proposal is on fall prevention
WRTG 394 students,
Your next writing assignment will be a
memo to your instructor for the final report.
Steps to Take in Completing this Assignment:
•
Identify the decision-maker or group of decision-makers to whom you will write your final report
• Describe the specific problem you are attempting to address.
• Prepare some primary research for your report.
• Write a memo to your instructor using the template provided below.
The Role of this Assignment for your Research Report:
This assignment is designed to help you put together the final paper in WRTG 394.
Remember, your final paper in WRTG 394 will be a report in which you do the following:
•
define a problem in your workplace or community persuasively and accurately
•
propose a solution or solutions to the problem or issue
Previous assignments in the class pointed out some sample topics for the report:
• a report to your manager at work suggesting that more teleworking options be given to employees at your workplace
• a report to your supervisor at work suggesting that email be used less frequently for communication and that another application be used to improve communication.
• a report to your manager at work suggesting that your office become paperless
• a report to the board of directors at your townhouse community to argue that the playground area in your community should be renovated
• a report to the manager of your unit at work noting that recycling facilities in the workplace should be improved
For writing assignment #2, you completed a background and synthesis of the literature on your topic.
For this writing assignment, you are going to identify the specific needs in your workplace or community that will be identified for your final report.
Examples of Primary Research for Specific Topics:
•
If you write a report to your manager at work suggesting that more teleworking options be given to employees at your workplace, you cannot simply prepare a report on teleworking. You must show that teleworking will
solve a specific problem or problems in your organization
.
•
If you write a a report to your supervisor at work suggesting that email be used less frequently for communication and that another application be used to improve communication, you cannot simply prepare a report on the benefits of social media in the workplace. You must
show that your specific office has problems in communicating by email and indicate the benefits of using alternative communication systems for your workplace environment
.
•
If you write a report to your manager at work suggesting that your office become paperless, you cannot simply prepare a report on the benefits of a paperless office. You must
show that your specific office can go paperless and indicate the benefits of your specific office going paperless
.
•
If you write a report to the board of directo.
My portion of the group assignment Must be done by Wednesday even.docxJinElias52
My portion of the group assignment:
Must be done by Wednesday evening
•
EFE Matrix; -
•
SWOT (TOWS) analysis; -
•
IFE Matrix; -
•
A list of alternative strategies, giving advantages and disadvantages for each; -
Walt Disney Company, p. 441, Case 8 (photos of pages upladed)
.
my project is about construcation houses for poor poeple in Denver .docxJinElias52
The project is about constructing affordable housing for low-income people in Denver. It is a 30-page document. The goal is to produce a 10-page project notebook by assigning different knowledge areas to team members and combining their work to demonstrate synergy between the areas.
my name is abdullah aljedanii am from saudi arabia i graduate fr.docxJinElias52
Abdullah Aljedani is from Saudi Arabia and graduated from DHBAN high school in 2013. He went to the USA to study English and apply to university. He wants to apply for civil engineering and needs a 500 word letter within 24 hours explaining what he has done since high school.
My hypothesis Being disconnected from social media (texting, Facebo.docxJinElias52
My hypothesis: Being disconnected from social media (texting, Facebook, cell phone use, etc) causes stress in teenagers.
It is my belief partly based on observation (I teach HS students) that we have created a society where even the slightest communication is cause for a teenager’s engagement with his/her electronic device. Being constantly connected to others, or at least knowing that is an option appears to give them some peace of mind and perhaps helps them feel less alone. This worries me because I fear they will be unable to engage in experiences on their own without that constant connection to others. This behavior doesn’t allow for self-reflection, meditation, or other important moments designed to focus the attention inward. In other words, a fear of being alone. On the other hand, teenagers can reach out to others as never before, which is great in many cases.
I would choose the Experimental Research method for the following experiment, being careful to adhere to its two components: 1) that there is a random assignment of participants. I would stress that this should be a double-blind experiment so I do not influence its outcome; and 2) a manipulation of an independent variable.
My experiment: After taking a base level of stress indicators (heart rate, blood pressure, brain waves, perspiration levels, etc) I would randomly assign two separate groups of HS students to spend 2 days camping in the wilderness. I would set up several exciting events to take place such as river rafting, hunting, building a shelter for the night, etc. One group would have their cell phones with them (assuming there is a cell phone connection in this remote area), the second group would not. The first group could contact whomever they chose during the events and during a down time say, at night. The second group would not have cell phones to be able to do this. I would somehow monitor both group’s stress levels while out in the wilderness.
Summary: Because I would want to avoid the Correlation/Causation Fallacy, I would need to not know which students were which in this experiment. And I foresee some challenges that might not be avoidable and might skew this idea. There could be variables such as a student who is naturally highly stressed in the wilderness and his anxiety could spike giving my experiment the expected result but for the wrong reason. Not to mention the difficulty of setting up this experiment in the first place.
Personal note: Thinking about this idea has caused me to think in a more scientific way about the results of all experiments I learn about. The Correlation/Causation issue is one I fall victim to a lot. I like to think that I am an objective observer, but so far in this course, I am not so sure of that anymore. At the same time that I hate to have my thinking challenged in this way, I also feel excited that I am thinking on a deeper level than I ever have.
How would you select the groups at random? Would you use a number system? Perha.
My group is the Los Angeles Rams. We are looking to be sponsors with.docxJinElias52
My group is the Los Angeles Rams. We are looking to be sponsors with Dunkin' Donuts.Attached is an example of the Portland Timbers and a sponsorship with Chevrolet. On the bottom of the excel document you can see there are 4 different tabs. The tabs I need done are Research and Activity.
Thank you.
.
My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;My father .docxJinElias52
My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;
The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;
From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won;
Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!
But I, with mournful tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
Examine the imagery in the stanza in bold. What is the significance of the two different images?
The speaker does not feel the joy everyone else is experiencing.
The speaker does not feel the misery everyone else is experiencing.
The speaker does not want anyone to know how unhappy he truly is.
The speaker does not want anyone to know how happy he truly is.
.
My character is Phoenix Jackson from the story A Worn PathMLA Form.docxJinElias52
My character is Phoenix Jackson from the story A Worn Path
MLA Format. 1200 words
Must have
Identify the type of character it is dealing with (A single character could be two or thres types.
Describe the character
Discuss the conflict in the story particularly in regards to the character's place in it.
Due tomorrow by 3pm
.
My assignment is to write an original essay of four to fivr parargra.docxJinElias52
My assignment is to write an original essay of four to fivr parargraphs describing a person I admire. My chocie is Lional Messi he is a famous soccer player. I need a hook in the introduction and three body paragraphs. First paragraphs about his childhoods secound paragraphs about join Barcalona fc third parargraph about change of the soccer history and a conclusion. I needed for secound English language person I don't want to too perfect.
.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
1. Chapter 8: Business Processes
Upon successful completion of this chapter,
you will be able to:
• Define the term business process;
• Understand the tools of
documentation of business
processes;
• Identify the different systems
2. needed to support business
processes in an organization;
• Explain the value of an enterprise
resource planning (ERP) system;
• Explain how business process
management and business process
reengineering work; and
• Understand how information
technology combined with
business processes can bring an
organization competitive
advantage.
Introduction
The fourth component of information systems is process. But
what
is a process and how does it tie into information systems? And
in
what
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 161
3. ways do processes have a role in business? This chapter looks to
answer those questions and also describe how business
processes
can be used for strategic advantage.
What Is a Business Process?
We have all heard the term process before, but what exactly
does it mean? A process is a series of tasks that are completed
in
order to accomplish a goal. A business process, therefore, is a
process that is focused on achieving a goal for a business.
Processes are something that businesses go through every day in
order to accomplish their mission. The better their processes,
the
more effective the business. Some businesses see their
processes
as a strategy for achieving competitive advantage. A process
that
achieves its goal in a unique way can set a company apart. A
process that eliminates costs can allow a company to lower its
prices (or retain more profit). If you have worked in a business
setting, you have participated in a business process. Anything
from a simple process for making a sandwich at Subway to
building a space shuttle utilizes one or more business processes.
In the context of information systems, a business process is a
set
of business activities performed by human actors and/or the
4. information system to accomplish a specific outcome.
Documenting a Process
Every day each of us will perform many processes without
even thinking about them such as getting ready for work, using
an ATM, texting a friend, etc. As processes grow more complex,
documenting becomes necessary. It is essential for businesses to
do this because it allows them to ensure control over how
activities are undertaken in their organization. It also allows for
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 162
5. standardization. For example, McDonald’s has the same process
for
building a Big Mac in all of its restaurants. The simplest way to
document a process is to just create a list. The list shows each
step
in the process. Each step can be checked off upon completion. A
simple process such as how to create an account on Gmail might
look like this:
1. Go to gmail.com.
2. Click “Create account.”
3. Enter your contact information in the “Create your Google
Account” form.
4. Choose your username and password.
5. Agree to User Agreement and Privacy Policy by clicking on
“Submit.”
For processes that are not so straightforward, documenting all
of
the steps as a checklist may not be sufficient. For example, here
is the process for determining if an article for a term needs to
be
added to Wikipedia:
1. Search Wikipedia to determine if the term already exists.
2. If the term is found, then an article is already written, so you
must think of another term. Go to step 1.
3. If the term is not found, then look to see if there is a related
term.
6. 4. If there is a related term, then create a redirect.
5. If there is not a related term, then create a new articl e.
This procedure is relatively simple. In fact, it has the same
number of steps as the previous example, but because it has
some
decision points, it is more difficult to track as a simple list. In
these cases, it may make more sense to use a diagram to
document the process.
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 163
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Diagram of an example business process (click to enlarge)
7. Business Process Modeling
Notation
A diagramming tool for documentation of business process is a
formalized visual language that provides systems analysts with
the
ability to describe the business processes unambiguously, to
visualize the business processes for systematic understanding,
and to communicate the business process for business process
management. Natural languages (e.g., English) are incapable to
explain complex business processes. Diagrams have been used
as tools for business process modeling in the information
systems
field. There have been many types of business process
diagramming tools, and each of them has its own style and
syntax
to serve its particular purpose. The most commonly used
business process diagramming tools are Business Process
Modeling Notation (BPMN), Data Flow Diagram (DFD), and the
Unified Modeling Language (UML).
BPMN is an extension of the traditional flowchart method by
adding more diagramming elements for descriptions of business
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 164
8. process. The objective of BPMN is to support business process
documentation by providing intuitive notations for business
rules.
The flowchart style diagrams in BPMN can provide detailed
specifications business processes from start to end. However,
BPMN is short of the ability of system decomposition for large
information systems. DFD has served as a foundation of many
other tools of documentation of business process. The central
concept of DFD is a top-down approach to understanding a
system. The top-down approach is consistent with the system
concept that views a system in a holistic manner and concerns
an
understanding of a system by examining the components and
their interactions within the system. More importantly, whil e
describing a business process by using DFD, the data stores
used
in the process and generated data flows in the process are also
defined. We will provide an example of DFD in the Sidebar
section of this chapter to illustrate the integration of data a nd
business tasks in documenting a business process.
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-purpose
modeling tool in the field of software engineering for
constructing
all types of computerized systems. UML includes a set of
9. various
types of diagrams with different subjects of modeling and
diversified graphics styles. The diversified diagrams in UML
can
provide detailed specifications for software engineering in many
perspectives for construction of information systems, but could
be
too complicated for documenting business processes from the
perspective of business process management.
Managing Business Process Documentation
As organizations begin to document their processes, it becomes
an
administrative responsibility to keep track of them. As
processes
change and improve, it is important to know which processes
are
the most recent. It is also important to manage the process so
that it
can be easily updated. The requirement to manage process
documentation has been one of the driving forces behind the
creation of the document management system. A document
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 165
10. management system stores and tracks documents and supports
the
following functions.
• Versions and timestamps. The document management
system will keep multiple versions of documents. The most
recent version of a document is easy to identify and will be
considered the default.
• Approvals and workflows. When a process needs to be
changed, the system will manage both access to the
documents for editing and the routing of the document for
approval.
• Communication. When a process changes, those who
implement the process need to be made aware of the
changes. The document management system will notify the
appropriate people when a change to a document has been
approved.
Of course, document management systems are not only used for
managing business process documentation. Many other types of
documents are managed in these systems, such as legal
documents or design documents.
ERP Systems
An Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is software with
11. a
centralized database that can be used to run an entire company.
Here
are some of the main components of an ERP system.
Computer program. The system is a computer program, which
means that it has been developed with specific logic and rules
behind it. It is customized and installed to work specifically for
an
individual organization.
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 166
An ERP System (click to enlarge)
12. • Centralized database.
All data in an ERP
system is stored in a
single, central database.
Centralization is key to
the success of an ERP. Data
entered in one part of the
company can be immediately
available to other parts of the company.
• Used to run an entire company. An ERP can be used to
manage an entire organization’s operations. Companies
can purchase modules for an ERP that represent different
functions within the organization such as finance,
manufacturing, and sales. Some companies choose to
purchase many modules, others choose a subset of the
modules.
An ERP system not only centralizes an organization’s data, but
the processes it enforces are the processes the organization has
adopted. When an ERP vendor designs a module, it has to
implement the rules for the associated business processes. Best
practices can be built into the ERP – a major selling point for
ERP. In other words, when an organization implements an ERP,
it also gets improved best practices as part of the deal.
For many organizations the implementation of an ERP system is
an
excellent opportunity to improve their business practices and
upgrade their software at the same time. But for others an ERP
brings a challenge. Is the process embedded in the ERP really
better
than the process they are currently utilizing? And if they
implement
this ERP and it happens to be the same one that all of their
competitors have, will they simply become more like them,
13. making
it much more difficult to differentiate themselves? A large
organization may have one version of the ERP, then acquire a
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 167
subsidiary which has a more recent version. Imagine the
challenge
of requiring the subsidiary to change back to the earlier version.
One of the criticisms of ERP systems has been that they
commoditize business processes, driving all businesses to use
the
same processes and thereby lose their uniqueness. The good
news is that ERP systems also have the capability to be
configured with custom processes. For organizations that want
to continue using their own processes or even design new ones,
ERP systems offer customization so the ERP is unique to the
organization.
14. Registered Trademark of SAP
There is a drawback to customizing an ERP system. Namely,
organizations have to maintain the changes themselves.
Whenever an update to the ERP system comes out, any
organization that has created a custom process will be required
to add that change to their new ERP version. This requires
someone to maintain a listing of these changes as well as re-
testing the system every time an upgrade is made. Organizations
will have to wrestle with this decision. When should they go
ahead and accept the best-practice processes built into the ERP
system and when should they spend the resources to develop
their own processes?
Some of the best-known ERP vendors are SAP, Microsoft, and
Oracle.
Business Process Management
Organizations that are serious about improving their business
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 168
15. processes will also create structures to manage those processes.
Business process management (BPM) can be thought of as an
intentional effort to plan, document, implement, and distribute
an
organization’s business processes with the support of
information
technology.
BPM is more than just automating some simple steps. While
automation can make a business more efficient, it cannot be
used
to provide a competitive advantage. BPM, on the other hand,
can
be an integral part of creating that advantage.
Not all of an organization’s processes should be managed this
way.
An organization should look for processes that are essential to
the
functioning of the business and those that may be used to bring
a
competitive advantage. The best processes to look at are those
that
include employees from multiple departments, those that require
decision-making that cannot be easily automated, and processes
that
change based on circumstances. Here is an example.
16. Suppose a large clothing retailer is looking to gain a
competitive
advantage through superior customer service. A task force is
created to develop a state-of-the-art returns policy that allows
customers to return any article of clothing, no questions asked.
The
organization also decides that, in order to protect the
competitive
advantage that this returns policy will bring, they will develop
their
own customization to their ERP system to implement this
returns
policy. In preparation for the rollout of the system, all customer
service employees are trained, showing how to use the new
system
and specifically how to process returns. Once the updated
returns
process is implemented, the organization will be able to
measure
several key indicators about returns that will allow them to
adjust
the policy as needed. For example, if it is determined that many
women are returning their high-end dresses after wearing them
once, they could implement a change to the process that limits
the
return period to 14 days from the original purchase date. As
changes
to the returns policy are made, the changes are rolled out via
internal
communications and updates to the returns processing on the
system are made.
If done properly, business process management will provide
several
17. Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 169
key benefits to an organization, which can be used to contribute
to
competitive advantage. These benefits include:
• Empowering employees. When a business process is
designed correctly and supported with information
technology, employees will be able to implement it on their
own authority. In the returns policy example, an employee
would be able to accept returns made before fourteen days or
use the system to make determinations on what returns would
be allowed after fourteen days.
18. • Built-in reporting. By building measurement into the
programming, the organization can stay current on key
metrics regarding their processes. In this example, these can
be used to improve the returns process and also, ideally, to
reduce returns.
• Enforcing best practices. As an organization implements
processes supported by information systems, it can work to
implement the best practices for that class of business process.
In this example, the organization may want to require that all
customers returning a product without a receipt show a legal
ID. This requirement can be built into the system so that the
return will not be processed unless a valid ID number is
entered.
• Enforcing consistency. By creating a process and enforcing it
with information technology, it is possible to create
consistency across the entire organization. In this example, all
stores in the retail chain can enforce the same returns policy.
If the returns policy changes, the change can be instantly
enforced across the entire chain.
Business Process Re-engineering
As organizations look to manage their processes to gain a
competitive advantage, it is also important to understand that
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 170
19. existing ways of doing things may not be the most effective or
efficient. A process developed in the 1950s is not going to be
better
just because it is now supported by technology.
In 1990 Michael Hammer published an article in the Harvard
Business Review entitled “Reengineering Work: Don’t
Automate,
Obliterate.” This article suggested that simply automating a
bad
process does not make it better. Instead, companies should
“blow
up” their existing processes and develop new processes that take
advantage of the new technologies and concepts. He states in
the
introduction to the article:
Many of our job designs, work flows, control mechanisms, and
organizational structures came of age in a different competitive
environment and before the advent of the computer. They are
geared towards greater efficiency and control. Yet the
20. watchwords
of the new decade are innovation and speed, service, and
quality.
It is time to stop paving the cow paths. Instead of embedding
outdated processes in silicon and software, we should obliterate
them and start over. We should “re- engineer” our businesses:
use
the power of modern information technology to radically
redesign
our business processes in order to achieve dramatic
improvements in their performance.1
Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) is not just taking an
existing process and automating it. BPR is fully understanding
the goals of a process and then dramatically redesigning it from
the ground up to achieve dramatic improvements in productivity
and quality. But this is easier said than done. Most people think
in terms of how to do small, local improvements to a process.
Complete redesign requires thinking on a larger scale. Hammer
provides some guidelines for how to go about doing business
process re-engineering:
• Organize around outcomes, not tasks. This simply means
design the process so that, if possible, one person performs all
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 171
21. the steps. Instead of passing the task on to numerous people,
one person does the entire process, resulting in greater speed
and customer responsiveness.
• Have those who use the outcomes of the process perform
the process. With the use of information technology many
simple tasks are now automated so the person who needs the
outcome should be empowered to perform it. Hammer
provides the following example. Instead of having every
department in the company use a purchasing department to
order supplies, have the supplies ordered directly by those
who need the supplies using an information system.
• Merge information processing work into the real work
that produces the information. When one part of the
company creates information, such as sales information or
payment information, it should be processed by that same
department. There is no need for one part of the company to
process information created in another part of the company.
• Treat geographically dispersed resources as though they
22. were centralized. With the communications technologies
available today, it becomes easier than ever to focus on physical
location. A multinational organization does not need separate
support departments (such as IT, purchasing, etc.) for each
location anymore.
• Link parallel activities instead of integrating their results.
Departments that work in parallel should be sharing data and
communicating with each other during a process instead of
waiting until each group is done and then comparing notes.
The outdated concept of only linking outcomes results in re-
work, increased costs, and delays.
• Put the decision points where the work is performed, and
build controls into the process. The people who do the work
should have decision making authority and the process itself
should have built-in controls using information technology.
Today’s workforce is more educated and knowledgeable than
in the past so providing workers with information technology
can result in the employees controlling their processes.
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 172
23. • Capture information at the source. Requiring information
to be entered more than once causes delays and errors. With
information technology, an organization can capture it once
and then make it available whenever needed.
These principles may seem like common sense today, but in
1990
they took the business world by storm. Hammer gives example
after
example of how organizations improved their business
processes by
many orders of magnitude without adding any new employees,
simply by changing how they did things (see sidebar).
Unfortunately, business process re-engineering got a bad name
in many organizations. This was because it was used as an
excuse
for cost cutting that really had nothing to do with BPR. For
example, many companies simply used it as a reason for laying
off part of their workforce. However, today many of the
principles of BPR have been integrated into businesses and are
considered part of good business-process management.
Sidebar: Reengineering the
College Bookstore
The process of purchasing the correct textbooks in a timely
manner
for college classes has always been problematic. Now with
online
24. bookstores competing directly with the college bookstore for
students’ purchases, the college bookstore is under pressure to
justify its existence.
But college bookstores have one big advantage over their
competitors, namely they have access to students’ data. Once a
student has registered for classes, the bookstore knows exactly
what
books that student will need for the upcoming term. To leverage
this
advantage and take advantage of new technologies, the
bookstore
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 173
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wants to implement a new process that will make purchasing
books through the bookstore advantageous to students. Though
they may not be able to compete on price, they can provide
other
advantages such as reducing the time it takes to find the books
and the ability to guarantee that the book is the correct one for
the class. In order to do this, the bookstore will need to
undertake
a process redesign.
The goal of the process redesign is simple. Capture a higher
percentage of students as customers of the bookstore. After
diagramming the existing process and meeting with student
focus groups, the bookstore comes up with a new process. In the
new process the bookstore utilizes information technology to
reduce the amount of work the students need to do in order to
get
their books. In this new process the bookstore sends the
students
an e-mail with a list of all the books required for their
upcoming
classes. By clicking a link in this e-mail, the students can log
26. into
the bookstore, confirm their books, and complete the purchase.
The bookstore will then deliver the books to the students. And
there is an additional benefit to the faculty: Professors are no
longer asked to delay start of semester assignments while
students wait for books to arrive in the mail. Instead, students
can
be expected to promptly complete their assignments and the
course proceeds on schedule.
College Bookstore Redesign
Here are the changes to this process shown as data flow
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 174
BEFORE
Receipt
P1yment
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29. (original) (Click to enlarge)
College bookstore data flow diagram
(redesigned) (Click to enlarge)
Sidebar: ISO Certification
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 175
,SO 9001
Cert i I i e d
Many organizations now claim that they are using best practices
when it comes to business processes. In order to set themselves
apart and prove to their customers, and potential customers, that
they are indeed doing this, these organizations are seeking out
an
ISO 9000 certification. ISO is an acronym for International
Standards Organization (website here). This body defines
quality
30. standards that organizations can implement to show that they
are,
indeed, managing business processes in an effective way. The
ISO
9000 certification is focused on quality management.
In order to receive ISO certification, an organization must be
audited and found to meet specific criteria. In its most simple
form,
the auditors perform the following review.
• Tell me what you do (describe the business process).
• Show me where it says that (reference the process
documentation).
• Prove that this is what happened (exhibit evidence in
documented records).
Over the years, this certification has evolved and many
branches
of the certification now exist. ISO certification is one way to
separate an organization from others. You can find out more
about the ISO 9000 standard here.
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 176
http://www.iso.org/iso/home.html
http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/management-
standards/iso_9000.htm
31. Summary
The advent of information technologies has had a huge impact
on how organizations design, implement, and support business
processes. From document management systems to ERP
systems, information systems are tied into organizational
processes. Using business process management, organizations
can empower employees and leverage their processes for
competitive advantage. Using business process reengineering,
organizations can vastly improve their effectiveness and the
quality of their products and services. Integrating information
technology with business processes is one way that information
systems can bring an organization lasting competitive
advantage.
Study Questions
1. What does the term business process mean?
2. What are three examples of business process from a job you
have had or an organization you have observed?
3. What is the value in documenting a business process?
4. What is an ERP system? How does an ERP system enforce
best practices for an organization?
32. 5. What is one of the criticisms of ERP systems?
6. What is business process re-engineering? How is it different
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 177
from incrementally improving a process?
7. Why did BPR get a bad name?
8. List the guidelines for redesigning a business process.
33. 9. What is business process management? What role does it play
in allowing a company to differentiate itself?
10. What does ISO certification signify?
Exercises
1. Think of a business process that you have had to perform in
the past. How would you document this process? Would a
diagram make more sense than a checklist? Document the
process both as a checklist and as a diagram.
2. Review the return policies at your favorite retailer, then
answer this question. What information systems do you think
would need to be in place to support their return policy?
3. If you were implementing an ERP system, in which cases
would you be more inclined to modify the ERP to match your
business processes? What are the drawbacks of doing this?
4. Which ERP is the best? Do some original research and
compare three leading ERP systems to each other. Write a
two- to three-page paper that compares their features.
Labs
1. Visit a fast food restaurant of your choice. Observe the
processes used in taking an order, filling the order, and
receiving payment. Create a flowchart showing the steps
used. Then create a second flowchart indicating where you
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 178
34. would recommend improvements to the processes.
2. Virginia Mason Medical Center, located in Seattle,
Washington, needed to radically change some of their
business processes. Download the case study. Then read the
case study and respond to the following items.
1. Number of campuses
2. Number of employees
3. Number of physicians
4. Nature of the issue at Virginia Mason
5. “You cannot improve a process until…”
6. Discuss staff walking distance and inventory levels
35. 7. How were patient spaces redesigned?
8. What happened to walking distance after this redesign?
9. Inventory was reduced by what percent?
10. Total cost savings =
1. Hammer, M. (1990). Reengineering work: don’t automate,
obliterate. Harvard Business Review 68.4, 104–112.↵
Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019) pg. 179
https://drive.google.com/file/d/19LMjui3a6X6 Ea-YOCA5W-
1ofhcieROFj/view?usp=sharing