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Chapter 6:
Transcultural Perspectives
in the Nursing Care of Children
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Children in a Culturally Diverse Society #1
Cultural survival depends on the transmission of values and
customs from one generation to the next.
Culture influences child growth, development, health, and
illness.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Children in a Culturally Diverse Society #2
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Children as a Population
Elements to consider:
Racial and ethnic composition
Poverty
Children’s health status
Growth and development
Infant attachment
Crying
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
In all cultures, infants and children are valued and nurtured
because they represent the promise of future generations.
Parental cultural beliefs and practices influence behaviors and
interventions.
Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #1
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #2
Culture influences child rearing:
Nutrition: feeding and eating behaviors
Sleep
Elimination
Menstruation
Parent–child relationships and discipline
Child abuse
Gender differences
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #3
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
Differences between boys and girls are generally subtle, first
appear at puberty, and exert minimal influence on adult roles
within a culture.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Answer to Question #1
False
Rationale: Differences between boys and girls appear early in
life and form the basis for adult roles within a culture.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
9
Health and Health Promotion #1
Parents might persist with culturally based beliefs and practices
even when scientific evidence refutes them.
The family is the primary health care provider for infants,
children, and adolescents.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
10
Health and Health Promotion #2
Influencing factors:
Illness
Health belief systems
Biocultural influences on childhood disorders
Immunity, intermarriage, ethnicity, race
Beliefs regarding causes of chronic illness/disability
Special health care needs of adolescents
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
11
Question #2
Is the following statement true or false?
Illness is viewed by many cultures as a form of punishment.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
12
Answer to Question #2
True
Rationale: A family and/or child with a chronic illness or
disability may believe that they have been cursed by a supreme
being, have sinned, or violated a taboo.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
13
Culturally Competent Nursing Care for Children and
Adolescents #1
Nursing Assessment of the Family
Cultural background
Family belief systems
Mother may be most influential
Family structures
Nuclear, single-parent, blended, extended
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
14
Culturally Competent Nursing Care for Children and
Adolescents #2
Nursing Interventions
Physical care/hygiene
Communication
With child and family
Evaluation of the nursing care plan
Ask questions to determine if mutual goals were established
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Question #3
Is the following statement true or false?
All family members of a cultural group follow the culture of
the larger group.
Example: All Chinese North American children show respect
for authority, have polite social behavior, and a moderate-to-
soft voice.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
16
Answer to Question #3
False
Rationale: Each family modifies the culture of the larger group
in ways that are uniquely its own.
Individual differences, changing norms over time, the degree of
acculturation, the length of time the family has lived in a
country, and other factors account for variations from the
stereotype.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
17

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Chapter 6 Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care .docx

  • 1. Chapter 6: Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care of Children Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 1 Children in a Culturally Diverse Society #1 Cultural survival depends on the transmission of values and customs from one generation to the next. Culture influences child growth, development, health, and illness. Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Children in a Culturally Diverse Society #2 Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
  • 2. Children as a Population Elements to consider: Racial and ethnic composition Poverty Children’s health status Growth and development Infant attachment Crying Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 4 In all cultures, infants and children are valued and nurtured because they represent the promise of future generations. Parental cultural beliefs and practices influence behaviors and interventions. Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #1 Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 5 Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #2 Culture influences child rearing: Nutrition: feeding and eating behaviors Sleep Elimination Menstruation
  • 3. Parent–child relationships and discipline Child abuse Gender differences Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 6 Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #3 Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 7 Question #1 Is the following statement true or false? Differences between boys and girls are generally subtle, first appear at puberty, and exert minimal influence on adult roles within a culture. Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 8 Answer to Question #1
  • 4. False Rationale: Differences between boys and girls appear early in life and form the basis for adult roles within a culture. Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 9 Health and Health Promotion #1 Parents might persist with culturally based beliefs and practices even when scientific evidence refutes them. The family is the primary health care provider for infants, children, and adolescents. Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 10 Health and Health Promotion #2 Influencing factors: Illness Health belief systems Biocultural influences on childhood disorders Immunity, intermarriage, ethnicity, race
  • 5. Beliefs regarding causes of chronic illness/disability Special health care needs of adolescents Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 11 Question #2 Is the following statement true or false? Illness is viewed by many cultures as a form of punishment. Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 12 Answer to Question #2 True Rationale: A family and/or child with a chronic illness or disability may believe that they have been cursed by a supreme being, have sinned, or violated a taboo. Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
  • 6. 13 Culturally Competent Nursing Care for Children and Adolescents #1 Nursing Assessment of the Family Cultural background Family belief systems Mother may be most influential Family structures Nuclear, single-parent, blended, extended Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 14 Culturally Competent Nursing Care for Children and Adolescents #2 Nursing Interventions Physical care/hygiene Communication With child and family Evaluation of the nursing care plan Ask questions to determine if mutual goals were established Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Question #3 Is the following statement true or false?
  • 7. All family members of a cultural group follow the culture of the larger group. Example: All Chinese North American children show respect for authority, have polite social behavior, and a moderate-to- soft voice. Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 16 Answer to Question #3 False Rationale: Each family modifies the culture of the larger group in ways that are uniquely its own. Individual differences, changing norms over time, the degree of acculturation, the length of time the family has lived in a country, and other factors account for variations from the stereotype. Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 17