Chapter 7 Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care .docx
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Chapter 7: Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care of Adults Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 1 Cultural Influences on Adulthood #1 Developmental tasks are transitions that occur in a normal successful adulthood. A health/illness situational crisis refers to changes or turmoil as individuals struggle to cope with a sudden life-threatening illness. Transitions: health or illness events that require an individual to make modifications in his/her lifestyle Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 2 Cultural Influences on Adulthood #2 Physiologic development Hormonal changes Menopause, loss of sexual potency Psychosocial development Stages of life Divorce, remarriage, career changes Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Cultural Influences on Adulthood #3 Each culture has specific chronologic standards for appropriate adult behavior. Social age: Culture defines what is considered an appropriate behavior in each stage of the life cycle. Young adult (teens, 20s, 30s): independence, role changes Middle adult (40s, 50s): career, family matters Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 4 Question #1 Is the following statement true or false? Midlife adulthood is often a time of stress, dissatisfaction, and unrest. Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 5 Answer to Question #1 False Rationale: Adulthood is not always a tumultuous, crisis-oriented state; many middle aged persons welcome the space, time, and independence that middle age often brings. Midlife can be a time of challenge, enjoyment, and satisfaction for many persons. Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 6 Cultural Influences on Adulthood #4 Developmental tasks; responses to life situations encountered by all persons experiencing: Physiologic Psychological Spiritual Sociologic changes Erikson’s generativity versus stagnation Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Cultural Influences on Adulthood #5 Adult life transitions influenced by culture: Career success Social and civic responsibility Marriage and raising children Changing roles and relationships Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Question #2 Which of the following would not be considered a social and/or civic responsibility? Serving on the board of a women’s shelter Donating blood Attending religious ceremonies Volunteering at a food bank Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Answer to Question #2 C. Attending religious ceremonies Rationale: Social and civic duties include participation in those activities in adulthood that contribute to the “good of society.” Some cultures emphasize activities and contributions within the cultural group. For example, in some groups, religious obligations are given priority over civic responsibilities. Cop.
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· NameDQ Rubric 2019· Description· Rubric DetailLevels o.docx
· Name
DQ Rubric 2019
· Description
· Rubric Detail
Levels of Achievement
Criteria
Proficient
Competent
Novice
Introduction and quality of discussion’s Argument
Weight 60.00%
100.00 %
It is consistent with application in research related to its context. Clarity of ideas. Comprehensive, in-depth and wide ranging.
70.00 %
The topic has a partially weak association to clarity of ideas and related topic. Relevant but not comprehensive.
15.00 %
Unable to address any part of the question and/or topic. Little relevance/some accuracy.
Objectivity of Tone, overall quality & Review of Literature in APA 6th format within past 7 years
Weight 10.00%
100.00 %
Tone is consistent, addressed professionally and objectively. Evidence in literature supports arguments.
70.00 %
The tone is not consistently objective. Some observations, some supportive evidence used.
15.00 %
No objectivity in tone. No evidence of literature review provided. Lacks evidence of critical analysis, poor to no use of supportive evidence.
Grammar / Writing Skills
Weight 7.50%
100.00 %
Excellent mechanics, sentence structure and organization with no grammatical mistakes.
70.00 %
Some grammatical lapses , uses emotional responses in lieu of relevant points.
0.00 %
Poor grammar, weak communication, lack of clarity.
Peer Reply #1
Weight 7.50%
100.00 %
Demonstrates an exceptional ability to analyze and synthesize student work, asks meaningful extending questions.
70.00 %
Some ability to meaningfully comment on other students work and ask meaningful questions.
0.00 %
No peer response
Peer Reply #2
Weight 7.50%
100.00 %
Demonstrates an exceptional ability to analyze and synthesize student work, asks meaningful extending questions.
70.00 %
Some ability to meaningfully comment on other students work and ask meaningful questions.
0.00 %
No Peer response
Overall APA Use
Weight 7.50%
100.00 %
Demonstrates an exceptional ability to apply 6th edition APA standards.
70.00 %
Some ability to to apply 6th edition APA standards. i.e. use of in-text citation, reference structure, quoting,etc.
0.00 %
No adherence to 6th edition APA standards.
Chapter 7:
Transcultural Perspectives
in the Nursing Care of Adults
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Cultural Influences on Adulthood #1
Developmental tasks are transitions that occur in a normal successful adulthood.
A health/illness situational crisis refers to changes or turmoil as individuals struggle to cope with a sudden life-threatening illness.
Transitions: health or illness events that require an individual to make modifications in his/her lifestyle
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Cultural Influences on Adulthood #2
Physiologic development
Hormonal changes
Menopause, loss of sexual potency
Psychosocial development
Stages of life
Divorce, remarriage, career changes
Copyright © 201.
Chapter 6 Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care .docx
Chapter 6:
Transcultural Perspectives
in the Nursing Care of Children
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Children in a Culturally Diverse Society #1
Cultural survival depends on the transmission of values and customs from one generation to the next.
Culture influences child growth, development, health, and illness.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Children in a Culturally Diverse Society #2
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Children as a Population
Elements to consider:
Racial and ethnic composition
Poverty
Children’s health status
Growth and development
Infant attachment
Crying
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
In all cultures, infants and children are valued and nurtured because they represent the promise of future generations.
Parental cultural beliefs and practices influence behaviors and interventions.
Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #1
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #2
Culture influences child rearing:
Nutrition: feeding and eating behaviors
Sleep
Elimination
Menstruation
Parent–child relationships and discipline
Child abuse
Gender differences
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #3
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
Differences between boys and girls are generally subtle, first appear at puberty, and exert minimal influence on adult roles within a culture.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Answer to Question #1
False
Rationale: Differences between boys and girls appear early in life and form the basis for adult roles within a culture.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
9
Health and Health Promotion #1
Parents might persist with culturally based beliefs and practices even when scientific evidence refutes them.
The family is the primary health care provider for infants, children, and adolescents.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
10
Health and Health Promotion #2
Influencing factors:
Illness
Health belief systems
Biocultural influences on childhood disorders
Immunity, intermarriage, ethnicity, race
Beliefs regarding causes of chronic illness/disability
Special health care needs of adolescents
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
11
Question #2
Is the following statement true or false?
Illness is viewed by many cultures as a form of punishment.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
12
Answer to Question #2
True
Rationale: A family and/or child with a chronic illness or disability may believe that they have been cursed by a supreme being, have sinne.
Chapter 8 Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care .docx
Chapter 8:
Transcultural Perspectives
in the Nursing Care of Older Adults
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care of Older Adults #1
Longer life spans and the aging Baby Boomer generation will lead to a large population of older adults aged 65 years old and older who will seek health services.
Delivering culturally appropriate care to clients is set by how available and affordable national, state, and local health care resources are for older adults.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
There are three areas of influences for older adults that guide their help-seeking behaviors:
Societal and economic factors; affordability and accessibility
Cultural values, practices, patterns of caregiving, and available community resources
Family, individual lifestyles, health, and coping behaviors
Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care of Older Adults #2
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
The Older Adult in Contemporary Society: Factors Affecting Health Care
Societal level
Demographics: ethnicity and income level, low literacy
Socioeconomic status: fixed income, increased health-related expenses, delayed retirement
Theories of Aging: explain patterns of behavior
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
The health status of non-Hispanic Whites is typically better than other minority ethnicities.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: At all ages, the health status of Hispanics, Asian Americans, African Americans, Native Americans/Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders has long lagged behind that of non-Hispanic Whites.
Also, approximately 40% of Hispanics and African Americans have no private savings for their retirement and will look to government-funded assistance.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
The Older Adult in the Community: Cultural Influences #1
Cultural level
Differences in culture and ethnicity shape health and illness behaviors and actions.
Specifically:
Physical functioning: Mobility/exercise
Social and emotional well-being: Acculturation, family/peer support
Quality of life: Satisfaction and happiness
Beliefs and practices: Remedies, traditional healers, self-care
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
The Older Adult in the Community: Cultural Influences #2
Cultural level (cont.)
Culture change: relocating, migrating
Caregiving: willingness of family to offer support, responsibility to care for elders
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Question #2
Is the following statement true or false?
It is generally not recommended for older adults to utilize self-help strategies to mainta.
Chapter 8 Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care .docx
Chapter 8:
Transcultural Perspectives
in the Nursing Care of Older Adults
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care of Older Adults #1
Longer life spans and the aging Baby Boomer generation will lead to a large population of older adults aged 65 years old and older who will seek health services.
Delivering culturally appropriate care to clients is set by how available and affordable national, state, and local health care resources are for older adults.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
There are three areas of influences for older adults that guide their help-seeking behaviors:
Societal and economic factors; affordability and accessibility
Cultural values, practices, patterns of caregiving, and available community resources
Family, individual lifestyles, health, and coping behaviors
Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care of Older Adults #2
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
The Older Adult in Contemporary Society: Factors Affecting Health Care
Societal level
Demographics: ethnicity and income level, low literacy
Socioeconomic status: fixed income, increased health-related expenses, delayed retirement
Theories of Aging: explain patterns of behavior
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
The health status of non-Hispanic Whites is typically better than other minority ethnicities.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: At all ages, the health status of Hispanics, Asian Americans, African Americans, Native Americans/Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders has long lagged behind that of non-Hispanic Whites.
Also, approximately 40% of Hispanics and African Americans have no private savings for their retirement and will look to government-funded assistance.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
The Older Adult in the Community: Cultural Influences #1
Cultural level
Differences in culture and ethnicity shape health and illness behaviors and actions.
Specifically:
Physical functioning: Mobility/exercise
Social and emotional well-being: Acculturation, family/peer support
Quality of life: Satisfaction and happiness
Beliefs and practices: Remedies, traditional healers, self-care
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
The Older Adult in the Community: Cultural Influences #2
Cultural level (cont.)
Culture change: relocating, migrating
Caregiving: willingness of family to offer support, responsibility to care for elders
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Question #2
Is the following statement true or false?
It is generally not recommended for older adults to utilize self-help strategies to mainta ...
Chapter 10 Transcultural Perspectivesin Mental Health Nur
Chapter 10:
Transcultural Perspectives
in Mental Health Nursing
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Transcultural Perspectives in Mental Health Nursing #1
Transcultural nursing:
Examines mental illnesses within a transcultural perspective
Assists in understanding how culture influences the ways in which we interpret and behave with mental illnesses
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Transcultural Perspectives in Mental Health Nursing #2
Mental disorders are defined according to “cultural, social, and familial norms and values” (DSM-V, 2013, p. 14).
Culture provides the framework that is used to interpret “the experience and expression of the symptoms, signs, and behaviors that are criteria for diagnosis” (p. 14)
Cultural norms shape what is considered normal versus abnormal.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Defining Mental Health Within a Transcultural Nursing Perspective #1
According to the World Health Organization (2013):
“… there is no health without mental health.”
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Determinants of mental health at any given point in time: “social, psychological and biological factors.”
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Defining Mental Health Within a Transcultural Nursing Perspective #2
Transcultural nurses should:
Understand patterns of values, beliefs, and practices for mental health care
Avoid stereotypes and ethnocentrism
Be aware of “norms”
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
Ethnocentrism can manifest as feelings of superiority or discrimination with respect to one’s own group or culture over another group or culture.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: Ethnocentrism presents as subconscious disregard for cultural differences; it may also present as authoritative.
Example: believing that one’s own health care beliefs and practices are superior to another culture’s.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Population Trends and Mental Health
Mental illnesses are identified as “common” in the United States.
Approximately 43.7 million adults (~19%), aged 18 or older, were currently, or within the past year, diagnosed with a mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder.
Mental health care is moving from state and general “mental” hospitals to community-based service centers.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Decision Making and Mental Health Care
Support and clear communication can be key to favorable outcomes for all clients.
Shared decision making (SDM) as a practice to advance mental health care encourages providers and consumers ...
Chapter 10 Transcultural Perspectivesin Mental Health Nur.docx
Chapter 10:
Transcultural Perspectives
in Mental Health Nursing
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Transcultural Perspectives in Mental Health Nursing #1
Transcultural nursing:
Examines mental illnesses within a transcultural perspective
Assists in understanding how culture influences the ways in which we interpret and behave with mental illnesses
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Transcultural Perspectives in Mental Health Nursing #2
Mental disorders are defined according to “cultural, social, and familial norms and values” (DSM-V, 2013, p. 14).
Culture provides the framework that is used to interpret “the experience and expression of the symptoms, signs, and behaviors that are criteria for diagnosis” (p. 14)
Cultural norms shape what is considered normal versus abnormal.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Defining Mental Health Within a Transcultural Nursing Perspective #1
According to the World Health Organization (2013):
“… there is no health without mental health.”
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Determinants of mental health at any given point in time: “social, psychological and biological factors.”
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Defining Mental Health Within a Transcultural Nursing Perspective #2
Transcultural nurses should:
Understand patterns of values, beliefs, and practices for mental health care
Avoid stereotypes and ethnocentrism
Be aware of “norms”
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
Ethnocentrism can manifest as feelings of superiority or discrimination with respect to one’s own group or culture over another group or culture.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: Ethnocentrism presents as subconscious disregard for cultural differences; it may also present as authoritative.
Example: believing that one’s own health care beliefs and practices are superior to another culture’s.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Population Trends and Mental Health
Mental illnesses are identified as “common” in the United States.
Approximately 43.7 million adults (~19%), aged 18 or older, were currently, or within the past year, diagnosed with a mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder.
Mental health care is moving from state and general “mental” hospitals to community-based service centers.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Decision Making and Mental Health Care
Support and clear communication can be key to favorable outcomes for all clients.
Shared decision making (SDM) as a practice to advance mental health care encourages providers and consumers .
Chapter 10 Transcultural Perspectivesin Mental Health Nur.docx
Chapter 10:
Transcultural Perspectives
in Mental Health Nursing
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Transcultural Perspectives in Mental Health Nursing #1
Transcultural nursing:
Examines mental illnesses within a transcultural perspective
Assists in understanding how culture influences the ways in which we interpret and behave with mental illnesses
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Transcultural Perspectives in Mental Health Nursing #2
Mental disorders are defined according to “cultural, social, and familial norms and values” (DSM-V, 2013, p. 14).
Culture provides the framework that is used to interpret “the experience and expression of the symptoms, signs, and behaviors that are criteria for diagnosis” (p. 14)
Cultural norms shape what is considered normal versus abnormal.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Defining Mental Health Within a Transcultural Nursing Perspective #1
According to the World Health Organization (2013):
“… there is no health without mental health.”
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Determinants of mental health at any given point in time: “social, psychological and biological factors.”
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Defining Mental Health Within a Transcultural Nursing Perspective #2
Transcultural nurses should:
Understand patterns of values, beliefs, and practices for mental health care
Avoid stereotypes and ethnocentrism
Be aware of “norms”
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
Ethnocentrism can manifest as feelings of superiority or discrimination with respect to one’s own group or culture over another group or culture.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: Ethnocentrism presents as subconscious disregard for cultural differences; it may also present as authoritative.
Example: believing that one’s own health care beliefs and practices are superior to another culture’s.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Population Trends and Mental Health
Mental illnesses are identified as “common” in the United States.
Approximately 43.7 million adults (~19%), aged 18 or older, were currently, or within the past year, diagnosed with a mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder.
Mental health care is moving from state and general “mental” hospitals to community-based service centers.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Decision Making and Mental Health Care
Support and clear communication can be key to favorable outcomes for all clients.
Shared decision making (SDM) as a practice to advance mental health care encourages providers and consumers ...
Chapter 13 Religion, Culture, and NursingCopyright © .docx
Chapter 13:
Religion, Culture, and Nursing
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Religion, Culture, and Nursing
As an integral component of culture, religious, and spiritual beliefs, influence a client’s explanation of the:
Cause(s) of illness
Perception of its severity
Decisions about healing intervention(s)
Choice of healer(s)
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Dimensions of Religion #1
Five major dimensions of religion:
Experiential—emotion and/or feeling about purpose in life and connection with a higher power
Ritualistic—religious practices
Ideologic—shared beliefs of members
Intellectual—cognitive understanding
Consequential—adherence to the prescribed standards of conduct
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Dimensions of Religion #2
Religious Dimensions in Relation to Health and Illness
Determine the dimensions important to the client for mutual goal setting and priorities.
Determine what a given member of a specific religious affiliation believes to be important.
Obtain accurate information.
Understand religious virtues of clients.
Assist clients to cope with differences between their own behaviors and the norms of their religion.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Religion and Spiritual Nursing Care
Nurses endeavor to provide holistic health care, in which the needs of the total person are recognized.
Religion is an organized system of beliefs about the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, often including the belief in or worship of a Supreme Being.
Spirituality is a person’s personal effort to find meaning and purpose in his or her life. It is more focused on individual growth, more subjective, more emotionally based, and rising from personal experience.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
Religion addresses questions related to what is true and right.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: Religion addresses questions related to what is true and right and helps individuals determine where they belong in the scheme of their life’s journey.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Spiritual Nursing Care #1
Spiritual intervention is as appropriate as any other form of nursing intervention and recognizes that the balance of physical, psychosocial, and spiritual aspects of life is essential to overall good health.
Spiritual distress is disruption in the life principle that pervades a person’s entire being and that integrates and transcends the person’s biologic and psychosocial nature.
Cultural assessment includes assessment of religious and spiritual issues.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Spiritual Nursing Care #2
Spiritual Nursing Care for the .
Recommended
· NameDQ Rubric 2019· Description· Rubric DetailLevels o.docx
· Name
DQ Rubric 2019
· Description
· Rubric Detail
Levels of Achievement
Criteria
Proficient
Competent
Novice
Introduction and quality of discussion’s Argument
Weight 60.00%
100.00 %
It is consistent with application in research related to its context. Clarity of ideas. Comprehensive, in-depth and wide ranging.
70.00 %
The topic has a partially weak association to clarity of ideas and related topic. Relevant but not comprehensive.
15.00 %
Unable to address any part of the question and/or topic. Little relevance/some accuracy.
Objectivity of Tone, overall quality & Review of Literature in APA 6th format within past 7 years
Weight 10.00%
100.00 %
Tone is consistent, addressed professionally and objectively. Evidence in literature supports arguments.
70.00 %
The tone is not consistently objective. Some observations, some supportive evidence used.
15.00 %
No objectivity in tone. No evidence of literature review provided. Lacks evidence of critical analysis, poor to no use of supportive evidence.
Grammar / Writing Skills
Weight 7.50%
100.00 %
Excellent mechanics, sentence structure and organization with no grammatical mistakes.
70.00 %
Some grammatical lapses , uses emotional responses in lieu of relevant points.
0.00 %
Poor grammar, weak communication, lack of clarity.
Peer Reply #1
Weight 7.50%
100.00 %
Demonstrates an exceptional ability to analyze and synthesize student work, asks meaningful extending questions.
70.00 %
Some ability to meaningfully comment on other students work and ask meaningful questions.
0.00 %
No peer response
Peer Reply #2
Weight 7.50%
100.00 %
Demonstrates an exceptional ability to analyze and synthesize student work, asks meaningful extending questions.
70.00 %
Some ability to meaningfully comment on other students work and ask meaningful questions.
0.00 %
No Peer response
Overall APA Use
Weight 7.50%
100.00 %
Demonstrates an exceptional ability to apply 6th edition APA standards.
70.00 %
Some ability to to apply 6th edition APA standards. i.e. use of in-text citation, reference structure, quoting,etc.
0.00 %
No adherence to 6th edition APA standards.
Chapter 7:
Transcultural Perspectives
in the Nursing Care of Adults
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Cultural Influences on Adulthood #1
Developmental tasks are transitions that occur in a normal successful adulthood.
A health/illness situational crisis refers to changes or turmoil as individuals struggle to cope with a sudden life-threatening illness.
Transitions: health or illness events that require an individual to make modifications in his/her lifestyle
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Cultural Influences on Adulthood #2
Physiologic development
Hormonal changes
Menopause, loss of sexual potency
Psychosocial development
Stages of life
Divorce, remarriage, career changes
Copyright © 201.
Chapter 6 Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care .docx
Chapter 6:
Transcultural Perspectives
in the Nursing Care of Children
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Children in a Culturally Diverse Society #1
Cultural survival depends on the transmission of values and customs from one generation to the next.
Culture influences child growth, development, health, and illness.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Children in a Culturally Diverse Society #2
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Children as a Population
Elements to consider:
Racial and ethnic composition
Poverty
Children’s health status
Growth and development
Infant attachment
Crying
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
In all cultures, infants and children are valued and nurtured because they represent the promise of future generations.
Parental cultural beliefs and practices influence behaviors and interventions.
Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #1
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #2
Culture influences child rearing:
Nutrition: feeding and eating behaviors
Sleep
Elimination
Menstruation
Parent–child relationships and discipline
Child abuse
Gender differences
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #3
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
Differences between boys and girls are generally subtle, first appear at puberty, and exert minimal influence on adult roles within a culture.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Answer to Question #1
False
Rationale: Differences between boys and girls appear early in life and form the basis for adult roles within a culture.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
9
Health and Health Promotion #1
Parents might persist with culturally based beliefs and practices even when scientific evidence refutes them.
The family is the primary health care provider for infants, children, and adolescents.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
10
Health and Health Promotion #2
Influencing factors:
Illness
Health belief systems
Biocultural influences on childhood disorders
Immunity, intermarriage, ethnicity, race
Beliefs regarding causes of chronic illness/disability
Special health care needs of adolescents
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
11
Question #2
Is the following statement true or false?
Illness is viewed by many cultures as a form of punishment.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
12
Answer to Question #2
True
Rationale: A family and/or child with a chronic illness or disability may believe that they have been cursed by a supreme being, have sinne.
Chapter 8 Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care .docx
Chapter 8:
Transcultural Perspectives
in the Nursing Care of Older Adults
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care of Older Adults #1
Longer life spans and the aging Baby Boomer generation will lead to a large population of older adults aged 65 years old and older who will seek health services.
Delivering culturally appropriate care to clients is set by how available and affordable national, state, and local health care resources are for older adults.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
There are three areas of influences for older adults that guide their help-seeking behaviors:
Societal and economic factors; affordability and accessibility
Cultural values, practices, patterns of caregiving, and available community resources
Family, individual lifestyles, health, and coping behaviors
Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care of Older Adults #2
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
The Older Adult in Contemporary Society: Factors Affecting Health Care
Societal level
Demographics: ethnicity and income level, low literacy
Socioeconomic status: fixed income, increased health-related expenses, delayed retirement
Theories of Aging: explain patterns of behavior
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4
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
The health status of non-Hispanic Whites is typically better than other minority ethnicities.
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5
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: At all ages, the health status of Hispanics, Asian Americans, African Americans, Native Americans/Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders has long lagged behind that of non-Hispanic Whites.
Also, approximately 40% of Hispanics and African Americans have no private savings for their retirement and will look to government-funded assistance.
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6
The Older Adult in the Community: Cultural Influences #1
Cultural level
Differences in culture and ethnicity shape health and illness behaviors and actions.
Specifically:
Physical functioning: Mobility/exercise
Social and emotional well-being: Acculturation, family/peer support
Quality of life: Satisfaction and happiness
Beliefs and practices: Remedies, traditional healers, self-care
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
The Older Adult in the Community: Cultural Influences #2
Cultural level (cont.)
Culture change: relocating, migrating
Caregiving: willingness of family to offer support, responsibility to care for elders
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8
Question #2
Is the following statement true or false?
It is generally not recommended for older adults to utilize self-help strategies to mainta.
Chapter 8 Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care .docx
Chapter 8:
Transcultural Perspectives
in the Nursing Care of Older Adults
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care of Older Adults #1
Longer life spans and the aging Baby Boomer generation will lead to a large population of older adults aged 65 years old and older who will seek health services.
Delivering culturally appropriate care to clients is set by how available and affordable national, state, and local health care resources are for older adults.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
There are three areas of influences for older adults that guide their help-seeking behaviors:
Societal and economic factors; affordability and accessibility
Cultural values, practices, patterns of caregiving, and available community resources
Family, individual lifestyles, health, and coping behaviors
Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care of Older Adults #2
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
The Older Adult in Contemporary Society: Factors Affecting Health Care
Societal level
Demographics: ethnicity and income level, low literacy
Socioeconomic status: fixed income, increased health-related expenses, delayed retirement
Theories of Aging: explain patterns of behavior
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
The health status of non-Hispanic Whites is typically better than other minority ethnicities.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: At all ages, the health status of Hispanics, Asian Americans, African Americans, Native Americans/Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders has long lagged behind that of non-Hispanic Whites.
Also, approximately 40% of Hispanics and African Americans have no private savings for their retirement and will look to government-funded assistance.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
The Older Adult in the Community: Cultural Influences #1
Cultural level
Differences in culture and ethnicity shape health and illness behaviors and actions.
Specifically:
Physical functioning: Mobility/exercise
Social and emotional well-being: Acculturation, family/peer support
Quality of life: Satisfaction and happiness
Beliefs and practices: Remedies, traditional healers, self-care
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
The Older Adult in the Community: Cultural Influences #2
Cultural level (cont.)
Culture change: relocating, migrating
Caregiving: willingness of family to offer support, responsibility to care for elders
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Question #2
Is the following statement true or false?
It is generally not recommended for older adults to utilize self-help strategies to mainta ...
Chapter 10 Transcultural Perspectivesin Mental Health Nur
Chapter 10:
Transcultural Perspectives
in Mental Health Nursing
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Transcultural Perspectives in Mental Health Nursing #1
Transcultural nursing:
Examines mental illnesses within a transcultural perspective
Assists in understanding how culture influences the ways in which we interpret and behave with mental illnesses
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Transcultural Perspectives in Mental Health Nursing #2
Mental disorders are defined according to “cultural, social, and familial norms and values” (DSM-V, 2013, p. 14).
Culture provides the framework that is used to interpret “the experience and expression of the symptoms, signs, and behaviors that are criteria for diagnosis” (p. 14)
Cultural norms shape what is considered normal versus abnormal.
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3
Defining Mental Health Within a Transcultural Nursing Perspective #1
According to the World Health Organization (2013):
“… there is no health without mental health.”
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Determinants of mental health at any given point in time: “social, psychological and biological factors.”
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Defining Mental Health Within a Transcultural Nursing Perspective #2
Transcultural nurses should:
Understand patterns of values, beliefs, and practices for mental health care
Avoid stereotypes and ethnocentrism
Be aware of “norms”
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
Ethnocentrism can manifest as feelings of superiority or discrimination with respect to one’s own group or culture over another group or culture.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: Ethnocentrism presents as subconscious disregard for cultural differences; it may also present as authoritative.
Example: believing that one’s own health care beliefs and practices are superior to another culture’s.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Population Trends and Mental Health
Mental illnesses are identified as “common” in the United States.
Approximately 43.7 million adults (~19%), aged 18 or older, were currently, or within the past year, diagnosed with a mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder.
Mental health care is moving from state and general “mental” hospitals to community-based service centers.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Decision Making and Mental Health Care
Support and clear communication can be key to favorable outcomes for all clients.
Shared decision making (SDM) as a practice to advance mental health care encourages providers and consumers ...
Chapter 10 Transcultural Perspectivesin Mental Health Nur.docx
Chapter 10:
Transcultural Perspectives
in Mental Health Nursing
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Transcultural Perspectives in Mental Health Nursing #1
Transcultural nursing:
Examines mental illnesses within a transcultural perspective
Assists in understanding how culture influences the ways in which we interpret and behave with mental illnesses
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Transcultural Perspectives in Mental Health Nursing #2
Mental disorders are defined according to “cultural, social, and familial norms and values” (DSM-V, 2013, p. 14).
Culture provides the framework that is used to interpret “the experience and expression of the symptoms, signs, and behaviors that are criteria for diagnosis” (p. 14)
Cultural norms shape what is considered normal versus abnormal.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Defining Mental Health Within a Transcultural Nursing Perspective #1
According to the World Health Organization (2013):
“… there is no health without mental health.”
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Determinants of mental health at any given point in time: “social, psychological and biological factors.”
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Defining Mental Health Within a Transcultural Nursing Perspective #2
Transcultural nurses should:
Understand patterns of values, beliefs, and practices for mental health care
Avoid stereotypes and ethnocentrism
Be aware of “norms”
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
Ethnocentrism can manifest as feelings of superiority or discrimination with respect to one’s own group or culture over another group or culture.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: Ethnocentrism presents as subconscious disregard for cultural differences; it may also present as authoritative.
Example: believing that one’s own health care beliefs and practices are superior to another culture’s.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Population Trends and Mental Health
Mental illnesses are identified as “common” in the United States.
Approximately 43.7 million adults (~19%), aged 18 or older, were currently, or within the past year, diagnosed with a mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder.
Mental health care is moving from state and general “mental” hospitals to community-based service centers.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Decision Making and Mental Health Care
Support and clear communication can be key to favorable outcomes for all clients.
Shared decision making (SDM) as a practice to advance mental health care encourages providers and consumers .
Chapter 10 Transcultural Perspectivesin Mental Health Nur.docx
Chapter 10:
Transcultural Perspectives
in Mental Health Nursing
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Transcultural Perspectives in Mental Health Nursing #1
Transcultural nursing:
Examines mental illnesses within a transcultural perspective
Assists in understanding how culture influences the ways in which we interpret and behave with mental illnesses
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Transcultural Perspectives in Mental Health Nursing #2
Mental disorders are defined according to “cultural, social, and familial norms and values” (DSM-V, 2013, p. 14).
Culture provides the framework that is used to interpret “the experience and expression of the symptoms, signs, and behaviors that are criteria for diagnosis” (p. 14)
Cultural norms shape what is considered normal versus abnormal.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Defining Mental Health Within a Transcultural Nursing Perspective #1
According to the World Health Organization (2013):
“… there is no health without mental health.”
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Determinants of mental health at any given point in time: “social, psychological and biological factors.”
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Defining Mental Health Within a Transcultural Nursing Perspective #2
Transcultural nurses should:
Understand patterns of values, beliefs, and practices for mental health care
Avoid stereotypes and ethnocentrism
Be aware of “norms”
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
Ethnocentrism can manifest as feelings of superiority or discrimination with respect to one’s own group or culture over another group or culture.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: Ethnocentrism presents as subconscious disregard for cultural differences; it may also present as authoritative.
Example: believing that one’s own health care beliefs and practices are superior to another culture’s.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Population Trends and Mental Health
Mental illnesses are identified as “common” in the United States.
Approximately 43.7 million adults (~19%), aged 18 or older, were currently, or within the past year, diagnosed with a mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder.
Mental health care is moving from state and general “mental” hospitals to community-based service centers.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Decision Making and Mental Health Care
Support and clear communication can be key to favorable outcomes for all clients.
Shared decision making (SDM) as a practice to advance mental health care encourages providers and consumers ...
Chapter 13 Religion, Culture, and NursingCopyright © .docx
Chapter 13:
Religion, Culture, and Nursing
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Religion, Culture, and Nursing
As an integral component of culture, religious, and spiritual beliefs, influence a client’s explanation of the:
Cause(s) of illness
Perception of its severity
Decisions about healing intervention(s)
Choice of healer(s)
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Dimensions of Religion #1
Five major dimensions of religion:
Experiential—emotion and/or feeling about purpose in life and connection with a higher power
Ritualistic—religious practices
Ideologic—shared beliefs of members
Intellectual—cognitive understanding
Consequential—adherence to the prescribed standards of conduct
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Dimensions of Religion #2
Religious Dimensions in Relation to Health and Illness
Determine the dimensions important to the client for mutual goal setting and priorities.
Determine what a given member of a specific religious affiliation believes to be important.
Obtain accurate information.
Understand religious virtues of clients.
Assist clients to cope with differences between their own behaviors and the norms of their religion.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Religion and Spiritual Nursing Care
Nurses endeavor to provide holistic health care, in which the needs of the total person are recognized.
Religion is an organized system of beliefs about the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, often including the belief in or worship of a Supreme Being.
Spirituality is a person’s personal effort to find meaning and purpose in his or her life. It is more focused on individual growth, more subjective, more emotionally based, and rising from personal experience.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
Religion addresses questions related to what is true and right.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: Religion addresses questions related to what is true and right and helps individuals determine where they belong in the scheme of their life’s journey.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Spiritual Nursing Care #1
Spiritual intervention is as appropriate as any other form of nursing intervention and recognizes that the balance of physical, psychosocial, and spiritual aspects of life is essential to overall good health.
Spiritual distress is disruption in the life principle that pervades a person’s entire being and that integrates and transcends the person’s biologic and psychosocial nature.
Cultural assessment includes assessment of religious and spiritual issues.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Spiritual Nursing Care #2
Spiritual Nursing Care for the .
Transcultural Perspectives in Childbearing Paper.pdf
1. The document discusses transcultural perspectives in childbearing and outlines key cultural factors that impact pregnancy, birth, and the postpartum period. These include biological variations, cultural beliefs, fertility practices, and traditions surrounding activity, diet, and roles during and after delivery.
2. Nursing care should be culturally competent and respectful of different beliefs, traditions, and practices. Assessments should consider a woman's cultural background and nurses should form trusting relationships to provide effective care.
3. Cultural factors like prescriptive and restrictive beliefs around a mother's behaviors during pregnancy can impact outcomes and may lead to guilt if complications occur. Understanding these beliefs is important for nursing care.
Chapter 14 Cultural Competence in Ethical Decision Making.docx
Chapter 14:
Cultural Competence
in Ethical Decision Making
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Cultural Competence in Ethical Decision Making
Culturally competent care addresses diversity.
Ethical practice grounded in social justice and human rights prevents health inequity.
Morals and philosophic beliefs are constituted within the social, historical, and cultural experiences of a society.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Contrasting Social Constructions of Morality #1
Ethics:
A moral philosophy that consists of beliefs and assumptions about what is right and wrong.
Prescribes the proper action to take in a given situation.
Translates moral philosophies into action.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Contrasting Social Constructions of Morality #2
Respect for autonomy has become the focal context for health care decisions in the United States and Canada.
Ethical principles are applied to ensure and maximize individual autonomy, veracity, and fidelity.
US Congress upheld autonomy for individuals through the:
Patient Self-Determination Act
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Contrasting Social Constructions of Morality #3
Ethical Diversity and Principles
Ethical relativism: Emphasizes the need to examine the context of the decision because sociocultural differences influence whether an act is moral.
Ethical relativism states that what is right for one group may not be right for another.
Supported by Feminist Theory: The need for health care practitioners to develop empathy, compassion, and relationships that promote trust, growth, and the well-being of others
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Contrasting Social Constructions of Morality #4
Ethical Diversity and Principles (cont.)
Communitarian ethic of care upholds collective decision making over individual autonomy.
Fidelity is the obligation to remain faithful to one’s commitments.
Veracity upholds the virtues of being honest and telling the truth.
Nonmaleficence: cause no harm; focus on client safety emphasizes prevention of harm.
Beneficence: benefit consumers of care.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Question #1
Providing a client with informed consent upholds which ethical principle?
Autonomy
Ethical relativism
Veracity
Beneficence
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Answer to Question #1
C. Veracity
Rationale: Informed consent requires veracity of information presented to clients and fidelity of practitioners to professional standards.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Ethics and Health Disparities #1
Health disparities are a chain of events signified by a difference in social determinants of health:
Environment
Access to care
Utilization o ...
Chapter 2 Culturally Competent Nursing CareCopyri.docx
Chapter 2:
Culturally Competent Nursing Care
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Cultural Competence #1
Multiple factors are converging to heighten societal awareness of cultural similarities and differences among people:
Vulnerable populations
Immigration
Health tourism
Refugees
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Cultural Competence #2
Requires interprofessional collaborative practice engaging:
Health care providers
Patients, families, caregivers, communities
Folk or traditional healers
Religious/spiritual leaders
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Cultural Competence #3
Cultural competence can be divided into two major categories:
Individual cultural competence
Organizational cultural competence
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4
Cultural Competence #4
Individual cultural competence refers to the care provided for an individual client by one or more health providers.
Organizational cultural competence focuses on the collective competencies of the members of an organization.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
Individual cultural competence refers to care for a single client.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: Individual cultural competence refers to the care provided for an individual client by one or more health providers.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Cultural Self-Assessment #1
Cultural self-assessment enables you to use personal life experiences to gain insights into your health-related:
Attitudes
Values
Beliefs
Practices
A personal and professional journey
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8
Cultural Self-Assessment #2
Cultural self-assessment can help nurses overcome ethnocentric tendencies and cultural stereotypes, thus helping to prevent prejudice and discrimination.
Assists nurses to recognize the ways in which their background and lived experiences have shaped and informed the person he or she has become today
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
9
Cultural Self-Assessment #3
Ethnocentrism
The human tendency to view one's own group as the center of and superior to all other groups
Cultural stereotype
A preconceived, fixed perception or impression of someone from a particular cultural group without meeting the person
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Cultural Self-Assessment #4
Prejudice
Inaccurate perceptions of others or preconceived judgments about people based on ethnicity, race, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, social class, size, disability, religion, language, political opinion, or related personal characteristics
Discrimination
The act or behavior of setting one individual or group apart from another, thereby tre.
Chapter 11 Culture, Family, and CommunityCopyright © .docx
Chapter 11:
Culture, Family, and Community
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Community-Based Settings #1
An understanding of culture and cultural concepts contributes to the nurse’s knowledge and facilitates culturally competent nursing care in community-based settings.
Nurses are moving from acute care to community-based settings.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Community-Based Settings #2
Concepts such as partnership, collaboration, empowerment, and facilitation now form the basis for community-based nursing practice with individuals, families, and aggregates in the community.
An aggregate is a collection of people who can be thought of as a whole simply because they happen to be in the same place at the same time.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Community-Based Settings #3
Community-based collaborative action research (CBCAR) is an approach for nurses to partner with communities to address health issues.
Care that is not congruent with the client’s value system is likely to increase the cost of care because it compromises quality and inhibits access to services.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Overview of Culturally Competent Nursing Care in Community Settings
The use of cultural knowledge in community-based nursing practice begins with a careful assessment of clients and families in their own environments.
Cultural data are discussed with the client and family to develop mutually shared goals.
Nurses must take into account the diverse cultural factors that will motivate clients to make successful changes in lifestyle and behavioral modifications.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
A Transcultural Framework
Cultural/social/ecological approach:
Nursing focus is on the community as client.
A cultural/social/ecological framework facilitates a view of the community as a complex collective yet allows for diversity within the whole.
Assists the nurse to identify values and cultural norms of a community.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
The goal of practicing in a culturally sensitive manner is to provide care that the client, family, and health care providers are in agreement with.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: The use of cultural knowledge in community-based nursing practice begins with a careful assessment of clients and families in their own environments. Cultural data that have implications for nursing care are selected from clients, families, and the environment during the assessment phase and are discussed with the client and family to develop mutually shared goals.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Cultural Issues in Communi ...
Chapter 11 Culture, Family, and CommunityCopyright © .docx
Chapter 11:
Culture, Family, and Community
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Community-Based Settings #1
An understanding of culture and cultural concepts contributes to the nurse’s knowledge and facilitates culturally competent nursing care in community-based settings.
Nurses are moving from acute care to community-based settings.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Community-Based Settings #2
Concepts such as partnership, collaboration, empowerment, and facilitation now form the basis for community-based nursing practice with individuals, families, and aggregates in the community.
An aggregate is a collection of people who can be thought of as a whole simply because they happen to be in the same place at the same time.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Community-Based Settings #3
Community-based collaborative action research (CBCAR) is an approach for nurses to partner with communities to address health issues.
Care that is not congruent with the client’s value system is likely to increase the cost of care because it compromises quality and inhibits access to services.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Overview of Culturally Competent Nursing Care in Community Settings
The use of cultural knowledge in community-based nursing practice begins with a careful assessment of clients and families in their own environments.
Cultural data are discussed with the client and family to develop mutually shared goals.
Nurses must take into account the diverse cultural factors that will motivate clients to make successful changes in lifestyle and behavioral modifications.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
A Transcultural Framework
Cultural/social/ecological approach:
Nursing focus is on the community as client.
A cultural/social/ecological framework facilitates a view of the community as a complex collective yet allows for diversity within the whole.
Assists the nurse to identify values and cultural norms of a community.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
The goal of practicing in a culturally sensitive manner is to provide care that the client, family, and health care providers are in agreement with.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: The use of cultural knowledge in community-based nursing practice begins with a careful assessment of clients and families in their own environments. Cultural data that have implications for nursing care are selected from clients, families, and the environment during the assessment phase and are discussed with the client and family to develop mutually shared goals.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Cultural Issues in Communi.
Chapter 11 Culture, Family, and CommunityCopyright ©
Chapter 11:
Culture, Family, and Community
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Community-Based Settings #1
An understanding of culture and cultural concepts contributes to the nurse’s knowledge and facilitates culturally competent nursing care in community-based settings.
Nurses are moving from acute care to community-based settings.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Community-Based Settings #2
Concepts such as partnership, collaboration, empowerment, and facilitation now form the basis for community-based nursing practice with individuals, families, and aggregates in the community.
An aggregate is a collection of people who can be thought of as a whole simply because they happen to be in the same place at the same time.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Community-Based Settings #3
Community-based collaborative action research (CBCAR) is an approach for nurses to partner with communities to address health issues.
Care that is not congruent with the client’s value system is likely to increase the cost of care because it compromises quality and inhibits access to services.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Overview of Culturally Competent Nursing Care in Community Settings
The use of cultural knowledge in community-based nursing practice begins with a careful assessment of clients and families in their own environments.
Cultural data are discussed with the client and family to develop mutually shared goals.
Nurses must take into account the diverse cultural factors that will motivate clients to make successful changes in lifestyle and behavioral modifications.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
A Transcultural Framework
Cultural/social/ecological approach:
Nursing focus is on the community as client.
A cultural/social/ecological framework facilitates a view of the community as a complex collective yet allows for diversity within the whole.
Assists the nurse to identify values and cultural norms of a community.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
The goal of practicing in a culturally sensitive manner is to provide care that the client, family, and health care providers are in agreement with.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: The use of cultural knowledge in community-based nursing practice begins with a careful assessment of clients and families in their own environments. Cultural data that have implications for nursing care are selected from clients, families, and the environment during the assessment phase and are discussed with the client and family to develop mutually shared goals.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Cultural Issues in Communi ...
Module 5 Final Presentation
This document provides an agenda and materials for a training session on discrimination and stigma. The training will discuss perceived discrimination and stigma among LGBT, aging, and disabled populations. Participants will learn to recognize and address discrimination among these groups and discuss how to avoid and undo discrimination. An activity is planned where participants receive labels and interact to experience being treated in a stereotyped way. The goals are for participants to understand the health impacts of stigma and how public health can work to promote inclusion and well-being for all.
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Chapter 15:
Nursing and Global Health
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Introduction to Global Health #1
Global health: the challenges to and opportunities for health and well-being that transcend national borders, have broad socioeconomic and political impact, and are best addressed by coordinated, multinational efforts.
Regardless of where nurses work, global health issues will have an impact on their work to some degree.
Example: 2014 Ebola outbreak
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2
Introduction to Global Health #2
Lack of Human Resources for Health Globally
Three major processes contribute to the shortage of health care workers, including nurses:
insufficient supply
inadequate distribution
migration
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Introduction to Global Health #3
International nurses working in global health will frequently encounter local complementary and integrative health and traditional remedies, including
Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs): a person whose cultural role it is to attend to women before, during, or after childbirth
Traditional Healers: community members who are recognized for their ability to use physical, spiritual, and/or herbal modalities to treat illness
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Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
Utilizing Traditional Birth Attendants in communities optimizes better outcomes for mother and child.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Answer to Question #1
False
Rationale: Maternal and neonatal mortality is higher when the only birth attendant is a TBA. Historically, this has been due to a lack of sterile or clean technique or a lack of knowledge regarding prevention of common childbirth complications.
Global health nurses often train TBAs in evidence-based maternity care in order to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality.
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Introduction to Global Health #4
There are large disparities in health and well-being at the global level, which result from complex political and economic processes.
Over the past 50 years, significant efforts have been made to improve the well-being of people living in low-income countries.
Maternal and child heal ...
Transcultural Perspectives In The Nursing Care.docx
This document discusses transcultural nursing care for children. It notes that culture influences child development, health, and illness. Nurses must consider the ethnic and cultural trends of children in the US as well as their health issues and socioeconomic determinants of health. Transcultural nursing can help influence policy to address children's health needs. Nurses should assess families' cultural backgrounds and beliefs to provide culturally competent care. However, not all families of a cultural group strictly follow the larger culture's practices, as individual differences and acculturation impact each family uniquely.
Chapter 12 Cultural Diversity in the Health Care Workforc.docx
Chapter 12:
Cultural Diversity
in the Health Care Workforce
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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1
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #1
Workplace diversity is the collective, all-inclusive mixture of human differences and similarities that provides an organization with a large pool of people with knowledge, skills, and abilities required for the accomplishment of organizational goals and objectives.
Creating a more diverse health care workforce has value for the people being served and the health care organization from the perspective of its employees and leaders.
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2
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #2
Nursing has become increasingly diverse in age, gender, race, ethnicity, national origin, and educational preparation.
Nurses from minority backgrounds account for 19% of the RN workforce.
Men represent 9.6% of the nursing workforce.
Men in nursing attain higher wages and faster promotions than do women.
Currently employed RNs are nearing or have exceeded retirement age, fewer RNs between 36 and 45 years old.
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3
Nursing is in the midst of a period of substantive transformation that is influenced by the following three trends:
1. An aging population of Baby Boomers who are now experiencing manifestations of the aging process and retirement from the health care and other workforces
2. Passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 that provides health insurance to millions of people in the United States who previously were uninsured
3. Increased educational preparation for nurses
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #3
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4
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #4
Barriers to diversity include:
Inadequate K-12 education systems for students from minority and economically disadvantaged populations
Insufficient financial aid
Faculty shortages
Societal stereotypes
Negative attitudes and behaviors in the workplace
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #5
Strategies to increase diversity:
Increase the number of underrepresented minorities in the health professions pipeline.
Corporate culture: Shared values, beliefs, meaning, and understanding are components of the corporate culture.
Organizational climate usually measures perceptions or feelings about the organization or work environment.
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6
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #6
Strategies to increase diversity (cont.):
Diversity management: systematic and planned commitment by organizations to recruit, retain, reward, and promote a heterogeneous mix of employees
Organizational inclusion: degree to which individuals feel they are part of critical organizational processes by work group involvement, abi.
Chapter 12 Cultural Diversity in the Health Care Workforc.docx
Chapter 12:
Cultural Diversity
in the Health Care Workforce
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #1
Workplace diversity is the collective, all-inclusive mixture of human differences and similarities that provides an organization with a large pool of people with knowledge, skills, and abilities required for the accomplishment of organizational goals and objectives.
Creating a more diverse health care workforce has value for the people being served and the health care organization from the perspective of its employees and leaders.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #2
Nursing has become increasingly diverse in age, gender, race, ethnicity, national origin, and educational preparation.
Nurses from minority backgrounds account for 19% of the RN workforce.
Men represent 9.6% of the nursing workforce.
Men in nursing attain higher wages and faster promotions than do women.
Currently employed RNs are nearing or have exceeded retirement age, fewer RNs between 36 and 45 years old.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Nursing is in the midst of a period of substantive transformation that is influenced by the following three trends:
1. An aging population of Baby Boomers who are now experiencing manifestations of the aging process and retirement from the health care and other workforces
2. Passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 that provides health insurance to millions of people in the United States who previously were uninsured
3. Increased educational preparation for nurses
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #3
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4
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #4
Barriers to diversity include:
Inadequate K-12 education systems for students from minority and economically disadvantaged populations
Insufficient financial aid
Faculty shortages
Societal stereotypes
Negative attitudes and behaviors in the workplace
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #5
Strategies to increase diversity:
Increase the number of underrepresented minorities in the health professions pipeline.
Corporate culture: Shared values, beliefs, meaning, and understanding are components of the corporate culture.
Organizational climate usually measures perceptions or feelings about the organization or work environment.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #6
Strategies to increase diversity (cont.):
Diversity management: systematic and planned commitment by organizations to recruit, retain, reward, and promote a heterogeneous mix of employees
Organizational inclusion: degree to which individuals feel they are part of critical organizational processes by work group involvement, abi ...
APA format. 350 words. Do not use direct quotes from references. Ple.docx
APA format. 350 words. Do not use direct quotes from references. Please see instructions and 3 attachments.
Discussion: Cultural Considerations in Nursing
Many factors influence maternal health. In many countries, an unacceptable number of women die in childbirth or shortly after giving birth. As discussed by Dr. Leslie Mancuso in this week’s first media presentation, culture and religious beliefs influence childbirth practices.
To prepare for this Discussion:
Review Case 6, “Saving Mothers’ Lives in Sri Lanka.”
Review Dr. Mancuso’s comments on cultural beliefs that influence maternal health.
In addition, consider the following questions:
What cultural and historical features of Sri Lanka contributed to the success of the country’s maternal health program?
What are some assumptions that a person might make about you based on your appearance or cultural background? All cultural diversity is not about ethnicity, religious affiliation, or traditional backgrounds. When you consider what cultural issues affect you and/or your community, think about whether you represent diversity of another kind, such as; rural versus urban, east coast versus west coast, employed in a small hospital versus a large research center, or providing nursing practice to young versus elderly, acute care versus clinic care or mental health care. Each of these "types" of diversity contribute to you as a person and how you practice nursing.
How might that affect the nursing care you receive?
What cultural information would you want a nurse or doctor to know about you?
What would you want a health promotion program to include that addresses a health concern for your cultural or ethnic community?
.
Chapter 6 Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care .docx
Chapter 6:
Transcultural Perspectives
in the Nursing Care of Children
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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1
Children in a Culturally Diverse Society #1
Cultural survival depends on the transmission of values and customs from one generation to the next.
Culture influences child growth, development, health, and illness.
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Children in a Culturally Diverse Society #2
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Children as a Population
Elements to consider:
Racial and ethnic composition
Poverty
Children’s health status
Growth and development
Infant attachment
Crying
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4
In all cultures, infants and children are valued and nurtured because they represent the promise of future generations.
Parental cultural beliefs and practices influence behaviors and interventions.
Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #1
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5
Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #2
Culture influences child rearing:
Nutrition: feeding and eating behaviors
Sleep
Elimination
Menstruation
Parent–child relationships and discipline
Child abuse
Gender differences
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6
Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #3
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7
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
Differences between boys and girls are generally subtle, first appear at puberty, and exert minimal influence on adult roles within a culture.
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8
Answer to Question #1
False
Rationale: Differences between boys and girls appear early in life and form the basis for adult roles within a culture.
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9
Health and Health Promotion #1
Parents might persist with culturally based beliefs and practices even when scientific evidence refutes them.
The family is the primary health care provider for infants, children, and adolescents.
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10
Health and Health Promotion #2
Influencing factors:
Illness
Health belief systems
Biocultural influences on childhood disorders
Immunity, intermarriage, ethnicity, race
Beliefs regarding causes of chronic illness/disability
Special health care needs of adolescents
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11
Question #2
Is the following statement true or false?
Illness is viewed by many cultures as a form of punishment.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
12
Answer to Question #2
True
Rationale: A family and/or child with a chronic illness or disability may believe that they have been cursed by a supreme being, have sinne.
Mid.pdf
Women face unique health challenges compared to men. Key factors that influence women's health include insufficient attention to sex differences in disease, greater burden from conditions like COPD and HIV/AIDS, and higher risk of visual impairment and difficulties quitting smoking. Women also face greater risks of early marriage, adolescent motherhood, pregnancy complications, and violence. Improving women's health requires addressing gaps in medical training, lack of primary care access, sex-based bias, inadequate clinical guidelines, focus on social determinants, and shortages in women's health specialists. Economic inequities also profoundly impact women's health outcomes.
Chapter 01
The document discusses several topics related to health including definitions of health, components of health, leading causes of death in the US, health promotion goals, minority health status, alternative medical practices, and health issues across the lifespan. It provides statistics on life expectancy, infant mortality, causes of death for different age groups, and health risks among minority populations. The document also discusses models for analyzing health information and concerns about alternative medical therapies.
Chapter 1
The document discusses several topics related to health including definitions of health, components of health, leading causes of death in the US, health promotion goals, minority health status, alternative medical practices, and health issues across the lifespan. It provides statistics on life expectancy, infant mortality, causes of death for different age groups, and health risks among minority populations. The document also discusses models for analyzing health information and concerns about alternative medical therapies.
Chapter 9 Creating Culturally Competent Health Care Organiz
Chapter 9:
Creating Culturally Competent Health Care Organizations
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Defining a Culturally Competent Health Care Organization #1
A culturally competent organization is an organization that provides services that are respectful of and responsive to the cultural and linguistic needs of the clients they serve.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Defining a Culturally Competent Health Care Organization #2
Cultural competence includes providing respectful care that is consistent with cultural health beliefs of the clients and family members, with consideration of:
Age, culture, ethnicity, gender, language, race, religion, sexual preference, and socioeconomic status
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
To be culturally competent, an organization should provide respectful care that is consistent with cultural health beliefs of the clients, family members, and staff.
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4
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: Humans need care to survive, thrive, and grow. According to Leininger (1996), organizations need to incorporate universal care constructs, including respect and genuine concern for clients and staff.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
The Need for Culturally Competent Organizations: External Motivations
The need for culturally competent organizations has been recognized by many external agencies, including:
Transcultural Nursing Society (TCNS)
American Nurses Association (ANA)
Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI)
American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE)
The Joint Commission
The Institute of Medicine (IOM)
National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care (CLAS Standards)
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
The Need for Culturally Competent Organizations: Eliminating Health Disparities #1
Racial and ethnic disparities influence unequal health care treatment.
Disparities in health are “differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups in the United States” (National Institutes of Health, 2010).
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
The Need for Culturally Competent Organizations: Eliminating Health Disparities #2
Key factors in achieving good health outcomes include:
Access (getting into the health care system)
Quality care (receiving appropriate, safe, and effective health care in a timely manner)
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Question #2
Which of the following would support Access and Quality of Care issues in eliminating health disparities?
Universal health care
Organi ...
Swu 171 intro to social workDr. Hilary Haseley, PhD, MSW, AC.docx
Swu 171 intro to social work
Dr. Hilary Haseley, PhD, MSW, ACUE
Overview
Chapter 11
Definitions
Aging: Changes that occur to an organism during its life span, from development to maturation to senescence
Senescence: The gradual decline of all organ systems, especially after age 30
Ageism: Negative attitudes, beliefs, and conceptions of the nature and characteristics of older persons that are based on age and distort their actual characteristics and abilities
Gerontology: The comprehensive study of aging and problems of older adults
Different conceptions of age
Chronological age: The number of years a person has lived, which is used as a standard to measure intelligence, behaviors, and so forth
Biological age: A measure of how well or poorly one’s body is functioning in relation to one’s actual calendar age. It describes a person’s development based on biomarkers, such as a cellular or molecular event, looking at the person as they are, not just when they were born
Psychological age: A subjective description of one’s experience using nonphysical features
Social age: An estimate of a person’s capabilities in social situations, relative to normal standards
AARP membership begins at age 50, a marker of chronological age
Social security has defined retirement age as 65 (moving toward 67)
People of the same older age have vastly different situations and experiences
Cohort: A group of people of the same generation sharing a statistical trait such as age, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status
Old, Older, Oldest
Young-old: A term used to denote a person who is between 55 and 75 years of age
Middle old: A term that refers to persons 75–84 years old
Oldest-old: A general term that refers to the population over age 85, which is the fastest-growing age group in the United States and some other nations
Centenarians: People who are 100 or more years old
Supercentenarians: A person who is significantly older than 100 years of age
Life expectancy
Life expectancy: How long, on average, a person is expected to live at a given age
Life span: The number of years a person actually lives
Longevity: Living an active life longer than the average person
Based on genetics and lifestyle
Current issues
More of the population is older than ever before
Increased life expectancy, decreased birth rates
Health-care workforce needs to grow in capacity to accommodate the growing older population, especially the oldest-old (85+)
Threats to well-being and lives of older adults living through the COVID-19 pandemic
Gerontological Social Work
Two specialties:
Gerontological social work: focuses on biopsychosocial-spiritual aspects of aging
Geriatric social work: focuses on physiological changes and health care
Evolution of gerontological practice
Older adults seen as target client population beginning in 1960s/1970s
1995: Social workers participated in National Forum for Geriatric Education
Hartford Foundation began fundi.
Week 6 - Mental Health and Addictions
This document provides an overview of a university course on Canadian health policy relating to mental health and addictions. It includes topics that will be covered in an upcoming lecture, potential topics for student briefing notes, and news articles relevant to mental health issues. Briefing note topics focus on policy issues around mental health, addictions, and chronic disease prevention. The lecture will cover trends in mental illness, approaches to mental health care, stigma, trauma, self-medication, principles of recovery and harm reduction.
Ten Things to Know about Health from Unnatural Causes
Produced by California Newsreel with Vital Pictures. Presented by the National Minority Consortia.
Public Engagement Campaign in Association with the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies Health Policy Institute.
Chapter 8 Religion and the Restoration of Health in Afric.docx
Chapter 8
Religion and the Restoration of Health in Africa: A
Case Study of the Traditional Akan People of Ghana
Samuel Awuah-Nyamekye
Introduction
Sound health, no doubt, is the soul of every human society, for no
human society can thrive if her people are afflicted with ill-health.
For this reason, the Akan of Ghana prioritise matters that border
on sound health. But among the Akan as is the case in traditional
African societies, the line between their secular and religious
activities is indistinguishable (Parrinder, 1961; Mbiti, 1969; Opoku,
1978.) This makes the hold of religion on the Akan and, for that
matter,traditional Africans, very strong.
In the worldview of the traditional Akan2 of Ghana, apote or
apomuden (health or well-being) is not only understood as the
absence of diseases and afflictions or misfortunes but also, it
includes the presence of good relationship between humans and the
spirit beings on one hand and good interpersonal relationship on
the other, for the Akan one cannot claim there is good health or
well-being while the people in the community are at each other’s
throat. That is, a good mental framework is inclusive of health in
the Akan milieu (Opoku, 1978, Kwame Gyekye, 1996; Awuah-
Nyamekye, 211). This mind-set is very common among many
African cultures (Gwyneth,. 1994; Makinde 1988:6). This worldview
thus, gives direction to the Akan in all their activities including
health and its restoration. This also explains the reason why usually
the etiology of almost all diseases has supernatural underpinnings
(Field, 1961; Foster, 1976). It must, however, be emphasised that in
2 By traditional Akan people, I mean those Akan who generally still keep and
live to the customs and traditions of their forebears, particularly their indigenous
spirituality (African Traditional Religion) in spite of the influence of impinging
religions such as Christianity and Islam
181
Mawere, Munyaradzi, and Awuah-Nyamekye, Samuel, eds. Between Rhetoric and Reality : The State and Use of Indigenous
Knowledge in Post-Colonial Africa. Cape Town: Langaa RPCIG, 2015. Accessed March 26, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central.
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spite of the supernatural etiology of ill-health among the Akan, they
also at some point acknowledge the ‘Germ Theory’ or the
‘naturalistic’ causes of illneses as Foster (1976)puts it.
Notwithstanding this reality, and paradoxically, the Akan still
find it very difficult to de-couple spirituality and therapeutic
practices. It is against this background that this chapter argues that
among the traditional Akan, religion and medicine are inseparable
realities. Literature on health care delivery in Ghana is quite
extensive but those on how the local concepts of illness may affect
people’s choices of health care model are scarce. Th.
Chapter 8 - Children of alcoholics often display characteristic tr.docx
Chapter 8 - Children of alcoholics often display characteristic traits: (1) the "hero" who attempts to replace the dysfunctional parent by overachieving, or (2) the "jester" who compensates for a lack of parental guidance by being mischievous and unruly. Which role did Beethoven play in his family? What is the evidence for your choice? 100+ words
Chapter 9 - Discuss the way travel might have affected composers (for example, Mendelssohn). If you have been outside the U.S., or even taveled far within the U.S., what effect did it have on you? 100+ words
.
More Related Content
Similar to Chapter 7 Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care .docx
Transcultural Perspectives in Childbearing Paper.pdf
1. The document discusses transcultural perspectives in childbearing and outlines key cultural factors that impact pregnancy, birth, and the postpartum period. These include biological variations, cultural beliefs, fertility practices, and traditions surrounding activity, diet, and roles during and after delivery.
2. Nursing care should be culturally competent and respectful of different beliefs, traditions, and practices. Assessments should consider a woman's cultural background and nurses should form trusting relationships to provide effective care.
3. Cultural factors like prescriptive and restrictive beliefs around a mother's behaviors during pregnancy can impact outcomes and may lead to guilt if complications occur. Understanding these beliefs is important for nursing care.
Chapter 14 Cultural Competence in Ethical Decision Making.docx
Chapter 14:
Cultural Competence
in Ethical Decision Making
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Cultural Competence in Ethical Decision Making
Culturally competent care addresses diversity.
Ethical practice grounded in social justice and human rights prevents health inequity.
Morals and philosophic beliefs are constituted within the social, historical, and cultural experiences of a society.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Contrasting Social Constructions of Morality #1
Ethics:
A moral philosophy that consists of beliefs and assumptions about what is right and wrong.
Prescribes the proper action to take in a given situation.
Translates moral philosophies into action.
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3
Contrasting Social Constructions of Morality #2
Respect for autonomy has become the focal context for health care decisions in the United States and Canada.
Ethical principles are applied to ensure and maximize individual autonomy, veracity, and fidelity.
US Congress upheld autonomy for individuals through the:
Patient Self-Determination Act
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Contrasting Social Constructions of Morality #3
Ethical Diversity and Principles
Ethical relativism: Emphasizes the need to examine the context of the decision because sociocultural differences influence whether an act is moral.
Ethical relativism states that what is right for one group may not be right for another.
Supported by Feminist Theory: The need for health care practitioners to develop empathy, compassion, and relationships that promote trust, growth, and the well-being of others
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Contrasting Social Constructions of Morality #4
Ethical Diversity and Principles (cont.)
Communitarian ethic of care upholds collective decision making over individual autonomy.
Fidelity is the obligation to remain faithful to one’s commitments.
Veracity upholds the virtues of being honest and telling the truth.
Nonmaleficence: cause no harm; focus on client safety emphasizes prevention of harm.
Beneficence: benefit consumers of care.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Question #1
Providing a client with informed consent upholds which ethical principle?
Autonomy
Ethical relativism
Veracity
Beneficence
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Answer to Question #1
C. Veracity
Rationale: Informed consent requires veracity of information presented to clients and fidelity of practitioners to professional standards.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Ethics and Health Disparities #1
Health disparities are a chain of events signified by a difference in social determinants of health:
Environment
Access to care
Utilization o ...
Chapter 2 Culturally Competent Nursing CareCopyri.docx
Chapter 2:
Culturally Competent Nursing Care
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Cultural Competence #1
Multiple factors are converging to heighten societal awareness of cultural similarities and differences among people:
Vulnerable populations
Immigration
Health tourism
Refugees
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Cultural Competence #2
Requires interprofessional collaborative practice engaging:
Health care providers
Patients, families, caregivers, communities
Folk or traditional healers
Religious/spiritual leaders
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Cultural Competence #3
Cultural competence can be divided into two major categories:
Individual cultural competence
Organizational cultural competence
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4
Cultural Competence #4
Individual cultural competence refers to the care provided for an individual client by one or more health providers.
Organizational cultural competence focuses on the collective competencies of the members of an organization.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
Individual cultural competence refers to care for a single client.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: Individual cultural competence refers to the care provided for an individual client by one or more health providers.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Cultural Self-Assessment #1
Cultural self-assessment enables you to use personal life experiences to gain insights into your health-related:
Attitudes
Values
Beliefs
Practices
A personal and professional journey
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8
Cultural Self-Assessment #2
Cultural self-assessment can help nurses overcome ethnocentric tendencies and cultural stereotypes, thus helping to prevent prejudice and discrimination.
Assists nurses to recognize the ways in which their background and lived experiences have shaped and informed the person he or she has become today
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9
Cultural Self-Assessment #3
Ethnocentrism
The human tendency to view one's own group as the center of and superior to all other groups
Cultural stereotype
A preconceived, fixed perception or impression of someone from a particular cultural group without meeting the person
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Cultural Self-Assessment #4
Prejudice
Inaccurate perceptions of others or preconceived judgments about people based on ethnicity, race, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, social class, size, disability, religion, language, political opinion, or related personal characteristics
Discrimination
The act or behavior of setting one individual or group apart from another, thereby tre.
Chapter 11 Culture, Family, and CommunityCopyright © .docx
Chapter 11:
Culture, Family, and Community
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Community-Based Settings #1
An understanding of culture and cultural concepts contributes to the nurse’s knowledge and facilitates culturally competent nursing care in community-based settings.
Nurses are moving from acute care to community-based settings.
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2
Community-Based Settings #2
Concepts such as partnership, collaboration, empowerment, and facilitation now form the basis for community-based nursing practice with individuals, families, and aggregates in the community.
An aggregate is a collection of people who can be thought of as a whole simply because they happen to be in the same place at the same time.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Community-Based Settings #3
Community-based collaborative action research (CBCAR) is an approach for nurses to partner with communities to address health issues.
Care that is not congruent with the client’s value system is likely to increase the cost of care because it compromises quality and inhibits access to services.
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4
Overview of Culturally Competent Nursing Care in Community Settings
The use of cultural knowledge in community-based nursing practice begins with a careful assessment of clients and families in their own environments.
Cultural data are discussed with the client and family to develop mutually shared goals.
Nurses must take into account the diverse cultural factors that will motivate clients to make successful changes in lifestyle and behavioral modifications.
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5
A Transcultural Framework
Cultural/social/ecological approach:
Nursing focus is on the community as client.
A cultural/social/ecological framework facilitates a view of the community as a complex collective yet allows for diversity within the whole.
Assists the nurse to identify values and cultural norms of a community.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
The goal of practicing in a culturally sensitive manner is to provide care that the client, family, and health care providers are in agreement with.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: The use of cultural knowledge in community-based nursing practice begins with a careful assessment of clients and families in their own environments. Cultural data that have implications for nursing care are selected from clients, families, and the environment during the assessment phase and are discussed with the client and family to develop mutually shared goals.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Cultural Issues in Communi ...
Chapter 11 Culture, Family, and CommunityCopyright © .docx
Chapter 11:
Culture, Family, and Community
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Community-Based Settings #1
An understanding of culture and cultural concepts contributes to the nurse’s knowledge and facilitates culturally competent nursing care in community-based settings.
Nurses are moving from acute care to community-based settings.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Community-Based Settings #2
Concepts such as partnership, collaboration, empowerment, and facilitation now form the basis for community-based nursing practice with individuals, families, and aggregates in the community.
An aggregate is a collection of people who can be thought of as a whole simply because they happen to be in the same place at the same time.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Community-Based Settings #3
Community-based collaborative action research (CBCAR) is an approach for nurses to partner with communities to address health issues.
Care that is not congruent with the client’s value system is likely to increase the cost of care because it compromises quality and inhibits access to services.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Overview of Culturally Competent Nursing Care in Community Settings
The use of cultural knowledge in community-based nursing practice begins with a careful assessment of clients and families in their own environments.
Cultural data are discussed with the client and family to develop mutually shared goals.
Nurses must take into account the diverse cultural factors that will motivate clients to make successful changes in lifestyle and behavioral modifications.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
A Transcultural Framework
Cultural/social/ecological approach:
Nursing focus is on the community as client.
A cultural/social/ecological framework facilitates a view of the community as a complex collective yet allows for diversity within the whole.
Assists the nurse to identify values and cultural norms of a community.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
The goal of practicing in a culturally sensitive manner is to provide care that the client, family, and health care providers are in agreement with.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: The use of cultural knowledge in community-based nursing practice begins with a careful assessment of clients and families in their own environments. Cultural data that have implications for nursing care are selected from clients, families, and the environment during the assessment phase and are discussed with the client and family to develop mutually shared goals.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Cultural Issues in Communi.
Chapter 11 Culture, Family, and CommunityCopyright ©
Chapter 11:
Culture, Family, and Community
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Community-Based Settings #1
An understanding of culture and cultural concepts contributes to the nurse’s knowledge and facilitates culturally competent nursing care in community-based settings.
Nurses are moving from acute care to community-based settings.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Community-Based Settings #2
Concepts such as partnership, collaboration, empowerment, and facilitation now form the basis for community-based nursing practice with individuals, families, and aggregates in the community.
An aggregate is a collection of people who can be thought of as a whole simply because they happen to be in the same place at the same time.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Community-Based Settings #3
Community-based collaborative action research (CBCAR) is an approach for nurses to partner with communities to address health issues.
Care that is not congruent with the client’s value system is likely to increase the cost of care because it compromises quality and inhibits access to services.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Overview of Culturally Competent Nursing Care in Community Settings
The use of cultural knowledge in community-based nursing practice begins with a careful assessment of clients and families in their own environments.
Cultural data are discussed with the client and family to develop mutually shared goals.
Nurses must take into account the diverse cultural factors that will motivate clients to make successful changes in lifestyle and behavioral modifications.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
A Transcultural Framework
Cultural/social/ecological approach:
Nursing focus is on the community as client.
A cultural/social/ecological framework facilitates a view of the community as a complex collective yet allows for diversity within the whole.
Assists the nurse to identify values and cultural norms of a community.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
The goal of practicing in a culturally sensitive manner is to provide care that the client, family, and health care providers are in agreement with.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: The use of cultural knowledge in community-based nursing practice begins with a careful assessment of clients and families in their own environments. Cultural data that have implications for nursing care are selected from clients, families, and the environment during the assessment phase and are discussed with the client and family to develop mutually shared goals.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Cultural Issues in Communi ...
Module 5 Final Presentation
This document provides an agenda and materials for a training session on discrimination and stigma. The training will discuss perceived discrimination and stigma among LGBT, aging, and disabled populations. Participants will learn to recognize and address discrimination among these groups and discuss how to avoid and undo discrimination. An activity is planned where participants receive labels and interact to experience being treated in a stereotyped way. The goals are for participants to understand the health impacts of stigma and how public health can work to promote inclusion and well-being for all.
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Chapter 15:
Nursing and Global Health
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Introduction to Global Health #1
Global health: the challenges to and opportunities for health and well-being that transcend national borders, have broad socioeconomic and political impact, and are best addressed by coordinated, multinational efforts.
Regardless of where nurses work, global health issues will have an impact on their work to some degree.
Example: 2014 Ebola outbreak
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Introduction to Global Health #2
Lack of Human Resources for Health Globally
Three major processes contribute to the shortage of health care workers, including nurses:
insufficient supply
inadequate distribution
migration
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Introduction to Global Health #3
International nurses working in global health will frequently encounter local complementary and integrative health and traditional remedies, including
Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs): a person whose cultural role it is to attend to women before, during, or after childbirth
Traditional Healers: community members who are recognized for their ability to use physical, spiritual, and/or herbal modalities to treat illness
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
Utilizing Traditional Birth Attendants in communities optimizes better outcomes for mother and child.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Answer to Question #1
False
Rationale: Maternal and neonatal mortality is higher when the only birth attendant is a TBA. Historically, this has been due to a lack of sterile or clean technique or a lack of knowledge regarding prevention of common childbirth complications.
Global health nurses often train TBAs in evidence-based maternity care in order to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Introduction to Global Health #4
There are large disparities in health and well-being at the global level, which result from complex political and economic processes.
Over the past 50 years, significant efforts have been made to improve the well-being of people living in low-income countries.
Maternal and child heal ...
Transcultural Perspectives In The Nursing Care.docx
This document discusses transcultural nursing care for children. It notes that culture influences child development, health, and illness. Nurses must consider the ethnic and cultural trends of children in the US as well as their health issues and socioeconomic determinants of health. Transcultural nursing can help influence policy to address children's health needs. Nurses should assess families' cultural backgrounds and beliefs to provide culturally competent care. However, not all families of a cultural group strictly follow the larger culture's practices, as individual differences and acculturation impact each family uniquely.
Chapter 12 Cultural Diversity in the Health Care Workforc.docx
Chapter 12:
Cultural Diversity
in the Health Care Workforce
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #1
Workplace diversity is the collective, all-inclusive mixture of human differences and similarities that provides an organization with a large pool of people with knowledge, skills, and abilities required for the accomplishment of organizational goals and objectives.
Creating a more diverse health care workforce has value for the people being served and the health care organization from the perspective of its employees and leaders.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #2
Nursing has become increasingly diverse in age, gender, race, ethnicity, national origin, and educational preparation.
Nurses from minority backgrounds account for 19% of the RN workforce.
Men represent 9.6% of the nursing workforce.
Men in nursing attain higher wages and faster promotions than do women.
Currently employed RNs are nearing or have exceeded retirement age, fewer RNs between 36 and 45 years old.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Nursing is in the midst of a period of substantive transformation that is influenced by the following three trends:
1. An aging population of Baby Boomers who are now experiencing manifestations of the aging process and retirement from the health care and other workforces
2. Passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 that provides health insurance to millions of people in the United States who previously were uninsured
3. Increased educational preparation for nurses
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #3
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #4
Barriers to diversity include:
Inadequate K-12 education systems for students from minority and economically disadvantaged populations
Insufficient financial aid
Faculty shortages
Societal stereotypes
Negative attitudes and behaviors in the workplace
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #5
Strategies to increase diversity:
Increase the number of underrepresented minorities in the health professions pipeline.
Corporate culture: Shared values, beliefs, meaning, and understanding are components of the corporate culture.
Organizational climate usually measures perceptions or feelings about the organization or work environment.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #6
Strategies to increase diversity (cont.):
Diversity management: systematic and planned commitment by organizations to recruit, retain, reward, and promote a heterogeneous mix of employees
Organizational inclusion: degree to which individuals feel they are part of critical organizational processes by work group involvement, abi.
Chapter 12 Cultural Diversity in the Health Care Workforc.docx
Chapter 12:
Cultural Diversity
in the Health Care Workforce
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #1
Workplace diversity is the collective, all-inclusive mixture of human differences and similarities that provides an organization with a large pool of people with knowledge, skills, and abilities required for the accomplishment of organizational goals and objectives.
Creating a more diverse health care workforce has value for the people being served and the health care organization from the perspective of its employees and leaders.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #2
Nursing has become increasingly diverse in age, gender, race, ethnicity, national origin, and educational preparation.
Nurses from minority backgrounds account for 19% of the RN workforce.
Men represent 9.6% of the nursing workforce.
Men in nursing attain higher wages and faster promotions than do women.
Currently employed RNs are nearing or have exceeded retirement age, fewer RNs between 36 and 45 years old.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Nursing is in the midst of a period of substantive transformation that is influenced by the following three trends:
1. An aging population of Baby Boomers who are now experiencing manifestations of the aging process and retirement from the health care and other workforces
2. Passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 that provides health insurance to millions of people in the United States who previously were uninsured
3. Increased educational preparation for nurses
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #3
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #4
Barriers to diversity include:
Inadequate K-12 education systems for students from minority and economically disadvantaged populations
Insufficient financial aid
Faculty shortages
Societal stereotypes
Negative attitudes and behaviors in the workplace
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #5
Strategies to increase diversity:
Increase the number of underrepresented minorities in the health professions pipeline.
Corporate culture: Shared values, beliefs, meaning, and understanding are components of the corporate culture.
Organizational climate usually measures perceptions or feelings about the organization or work environment.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Diversity in the Nursing Workforce #6
Strategies to increase diversity (cont.):
Diversity management: systematic and planned commitment by organizations to recruit, retain, reward, and promote a heterogeneous mix of employees
Organizational inclusion: degree to which individuals feel they are part of critical organizational processes by work group involvement, abi ...
APA format. 350 words. Do not use direct quotes from references. Ple.docx
APA format. 350 words. Do not use direct quotes from references. Please see instructions and 3 attachments.
Discussion: Cultural Considerations in Nursing
Many factors influence maternal health. In many countries, an unacceptable number of women die in childbirth or shortly after giving birth. As discussed by Dr. Leslie Mancuso in this week’s first media presentation, culture and religious beliefs influence childbirth practices.
To prepare for this Discussion:
Review Case 6, “Saving Mothers’ Lives in Sri Lanka.”
Review Dr. Mancuso’s comments on cultural beliefs that influence maternal health.
In addition, consider the following questions:
What cultural and historical features of Sri Lanka contributed to the success of the country’s maternal health program?
What are some assumptions that a person might make about you based on your appearance or cultural background? All cultural diversity is not about ethnicity, religious affiliation, or traditional backgrounds. When you consider what cultural issues affect you and/or your community, think about whether you represent diversity of another kind, such as; rural versus urban, east coast versus west coast, employed in a small hospital versus a large research center, or providing nursing practice to young versus elderly, acute care versus clinic care or mental health care. Each of these "types" of diversity contribute to you as a person and how you practice nursing.
How might that affect the nursing care you receive?
What cultural information would you want a nurse or doctor to know about you?
What would you want a health promotion program to include that addresses a health concern for your cultural or ethnic community?
.
Chapter 6 Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care .docx
Chapter 6:
Transcultural Perspectives
in the Nursing Care of Children
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Children in a Culturally Diverse Society #1
Cultural survival depends on the transmission of values and customs from one generation to the next.
Culture influences child growth, development, health, and illness.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Children in a Culturally Diverse Society #2
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
Children as a Population
Elements to consider:
Racial and ethnic composition
Poverty
Children’s health status
Growth and development
Infant attachment
Crying
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
In all cultures, infants and children are valued and nurtured because they represent the promise of future generations.
Parental cultural beliefs and practices influence behaviors and interventions.
Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #1
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #2
Culture influences child rearing:
Nutrition: feeding and eating behaviors
Sleep
Elimination
Menstruation
Parent–child relationships and discipline
Child abuse
Gender differences
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
Culture-Universal and Culture-Specific Child Rearing #3
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
Differences between boys and girls are generally subtle, first appear at puberty, and exert minimal influence on adult roles within a culture.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Answer to Question #1
False
Rationale: Differences between boys and girls appear early in life and form the basis for adult roles within a culture.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
9
Health and Health Promotion #1
Parents might persist with culturally based beliefs and practices even when scientific evidence refutes them.
The family is the primary health care provider for infants, children, and adolescents.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
10
Health and Health Promotion #2
Influencing factors:
Illness
Health belief systems
Biocultural influences on childhood disorders
Immunity, intermarriage, ethnicity, race
Beliefs regarding causes of chronic illness/disability
Special health care needs of adolescents
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
11
Question #2
Is the following statement true or false?
Illness is viewed by many cultures as a form of punishment.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
12
Answer to Question #2
True
Rationale: A family and/or child with a chronic illness or disability may believe that they have been cursed by a supreme being, have sinne.
Mid.pdf
Women face unique health challenges compared to men. Key factors that influence women's health include insufficient attention to sex differences in disease, greater burden from conditions like COPD and HIV/AIDS, and higher risk of visual impairment and difficulties quitting smoking. Women also face greater risks of early marriage, adolescent motherhood, pregnancy complications, and violence. Improving women's health requires addressing gaps in medical training, lack of primary care access, sex-based bias, inadequate clinical guidelines, focus on social determinants, and shortages in women's health specialists. Economic inequities also profoundly impact women's health outcomes.
Chapter 01
The document discusses several topics related to health including definitions of health, components of health, leading causes of death in the US, health promotion goals, minority health status, alternative medical practices, and health issues across the lifespan. It provides statistics on life expectancy, infant mortality, causes of death for different age groups, and health risks among minority populations. The document also discusses models for analyzing health information and concerns about alternative medical therapies.
Chapter 1
The document discusses several topics related to health including definitions of health, components of health, leading causes of death in the US, health promotion goals, minority health status, alternative medical practices, and health issues across the lifespan. It provides statistics on life expectancy, infant mortality, causes of death for different age groups, and health risks among minority populations. The document also discusses models for analyzing health information and concerns about alternative medical therapies.
Chapter 9 Creating Culturally Competent Health Care Organiz
Chapter 9:
Creating Culturally Competent Health Care Organizations
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
1
Defining a Culturally Competent Health Care Organization #1
A culturally competent organization is an organization that provides services that are respectful of and responsive to the cultural and linguistic needs of the clients they serve.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
2
Defining a Culturally Competent Health Care Organization #2
Cultural competence includes providing respectful care that is consistent with cultural health beliefs of the clients and family members, with consideration of:
Age, culture, ethnicity, gender, language, race, religion, sexual preference, and socioeconomic status
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
3
Question #1
Is the following statement true or false?
To be culturally competent, an organization should provide respectful care that is consistent with cultural health beliefs of the clients, family members, and staff.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
4
Answer to Question #1
True
Rationale: Humans need care to survive, thrive, and grow. According to Leininger (1996), organizations need to incorporate universal care constructs, including respect and genuine concern for clients and staff.
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
5
The Need for Culturally Competent Organizations: External Motivations
The need for culturally competent organizations has been recognized by many external agencies, including:
Transcultural Nursing Society (TCNS)
American Nurses Association (ANA)
Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI)
American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE)
The Joint Commission
The Institute of Medicine (IOM)
National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care (CLAS Standards)
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
6
The Need for Culturally Competent Organizations: Eliminating Health Disparities #1
Racial and ethnic disparities influence unequal health care treatment.
Disparities in health are “differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups in the United States” (National Institutes of Health, 2010).
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
7
The Need for Culturally Competent Organizations: Eliminating Health Disparities #2
Key factors in achieving good health outcomes include:
Access (getting into the health care system)
Quality care (receiving appropriate, safe, and effective health care in a timely manner)
Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved
8
Question #2
Which of the following would support Access and Quality of Care issues in eliminating health disparities?
Universal health care
Organi ...
Swu 171 intro to social workDr. Hilary Haseley, PhD, MSW, AC.docx
Swu 171 intro to social work
Dr. Hilary Haseley, PhD, MSW, ACUE
Overview
Chapter 11
Definitions
Aging: Changes that occur to an organism during its life span, from development to maturation to senescence
Senescence: The gradual decline of all organ systems, especially after age 30
Ageism: Negative attitudes, beliefs, and conceptions of the nature and characteristics of older persons that are based on age and distort their actual characteristics and abilities
Gerontology: The comprehensive study of aging and problems of older adults
Different conceptions of age
Chronological age: The number of years a person has lived, which is used as a standard to measure intelligence, behaviors, and so forth
Biological age: A measure of how well or poorly one’s body is functioning in relation to one’s actual calendar age. It describes a person’s development based on biomarkers, such as a cellular or molecular event, looking at the person as they are, not just when they were born
Psychological age: A subjective description of one’s experience using nonphysical features
Social age: An estimate of a person’s capabilities in social situations, relative to normal standards
AARP membership begins at age 50, a marker of chronological age
Social security has defined retirement age as 65 (moving toward 67)
People of the same older age have vastly different situations and experiences
Cohort: A group of people of the same generation sharing a statistical trait such as age, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status
Old, Older, Oldest
Young-old: A term used to denote a person who is between 55 and 75 years of age
Middle old: A term that refers to persons 75–84 years old
Oldest-old: A general term that refers to the population over age 85, which is the fastest-growing age group in the United States and some other nations
Centenarians: People who are 100 or more years old
Supercentenarians: A person who is significantly older than 100 years of age
Life expectancy
Life expectancy: How long, on average, a person is expected to live at a given age
Life span: The number of years a person actually lives
Longevity: Living an active life longer than the average person
Based on genetics and lifestyle
Current issues
More of the population is older than ever before
Increased life expectancy, decreased birth rates
Health-care workforce needs to grow in capacity to accommodate the growing older population, especially the oldest-old (85+)
Threats to well-being and lives of older adults living through the COVID-19 pandemic
Gerontological Social Work
Two specialties:
Gerontological social work: focuses on biopsychosocial-spiritual aspects of aging
Geriatric social work: focuses on physiological changes and health care
Evolution of gerontological practice
Older adults seen as target client population beginning in 1960s/1970s
1995: Social workers participated in National Forum for Geriatric Education
Hartford Foundation began fundi.
Week 6 - Mental Health and Addictions
This document provides an overview of a university course on Canadian health policy relating to mental health and addictions. It includes topics that will be covered in an upcoming lecture, potential topics for student briefing notes, and news articles relevant to mental health issues. Briefing note topics focus on policy issues around mental health, addictions, and chronic disease prevention. The lecture will cover trends in mental illness, approaches to mental health care, stigma, trauma, self-medication, principles of recovery and harm reduction.
Ten Things to Know about Health from Unnatural Causes
Produced by California Newsreel with Vital Pictures. Presented by the National Minority Consortia.
Public Engagement Campaign in Association with the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies Health Policy Institute.
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This website stores cookies on your computer. These cookies are us
This website stores cookies on your computer. These cookies are us
Transcultural Perspectives In The Nursing Care.docx
Transcultural Perspectives In The Nursing Care.docx
Chapter 12 Cultural Diversity in the Health Care Workforc.docx
Chapter 12 Cultural Diversity in the Health Care Workforc.docx
Chapter 12 Cultural Diversity in the Health Care Workforc.docx
Chapter 12 Cultural Diversity in the Health Care Workforc.docx
APA format. 350 words. Do not use direct quotes from references. Ple.docx
APA format. 350 words. Do not use direct quotes from references. Ple.docx
Chapter 6 Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care .docx
Chapter 6 Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care .docx
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Ten Things to Know about Health from Unnatural Causes
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More from robertad6
Chapter 8 Religion and the Restoration of Health in Afric.docx
Chapter 8
Religion and the Restoration of Health in Africa: A
Case Study of the Traditional Akan People of Ghana
Samuel Awuah-Nyamekye
Introduction
Sound health, no doubt, is the soul of every human society, for no
human society can thrive if her people are afflicted with ill-health.
For this reason, the Akan of Ghana prioritise matters that border
on sound health. But among the Akan as is the case in traditional
African societies, the line between their secular and religious
activities is indistinguishable (Parrinder, 1961; Mbiti, 1969; Opoku,
1978.) This makes the hold of religion on the Akan and, for that
matter,traditional Africans, very strong.
In the worldview of the traditional Akan2 of Ghana, apote or
apomuden (health or well-being) is not only understood as the
absence of diseases and afflictions or misfortunes but also, it
includes the presence of good relationship between humans and the
spirit beings on one hand and good interpersonal relationship on
the other, for the Akan one cannot claim there is good health or
well-being while the people in the community are at each other’s
throat. That is, a good mental framework is inclusive of health in
the Akan milieu (Opoku, 1978, Kwame Gyekye, 1996; Awuah-
Nyamekye, 211). This mind-set is very common among many
African cultures (Gwyneth,. 1994; Makinde 1988:6). This worldview
thus, gives direction to the Akan in all their activities including
health and its restoration. This also explains the reason why usually
the etiology of almost all diseases has supernatural underpinnings
(Field, 1961; Foster, 1976). It must, however, be emphasised that in
2 By traditional Akan people, I mean those Akan who generally still keep and
live to the customs and traditions of their forebears, particularly their indigenous
spirituality (African Traditional Religion) in spite of the influence of impinging
religions such as Christianity and Islam
181
Mawere, Munyaradzi, and Awuah-Nyamekye, Samuel, eds. Between Rhetoric and Reality : The State and Use of Indigenous
Knowledge in Post-Colonial Africa. Cape Town: Langaa RPCIG, 2015. Accessed March 26, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central.
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spite of the supernatural etiology of ill-health among the Akan, they
also at some point acknowledge the ‘Germ Theory’ or the
‘naturalistic’ causes of illneses as Foster (1976)puts it.
Notwithstanding this reality, and paradoxically, the Akan still
find it very difficult to de-couple spirituality and therapeutic
practices. It is against this background that this chapter argues that
among the traditional Akan, religion and medicine are inseparable
realities. Literature on health care delivery in Ghana is quite
extensive but those on how the local concepts of illness may affect
people’s choices of health care model are scarce. Th.
Chapter 8 - Children of alcoholics often display characteristic tr.docx
Chapter 8 - Children of alcoholics often display characteristic traits: (1) the "hero" who attempts to replace the dysfunctional parent by overachieving, or (2) the "jester" who compensates for a lack of parental guidance by being mischievous and unruly. Which role did Beethoven play in his family? What is the evidence for your choice? 100+ words
Chapter 9 - Discuss the way travel might have affected composers (for example, Mendelssohn). If you have been outside the U.S., or even taveled far within the U.S., what effect did it have on you? 100+ words
.
Chapter 8 - Review the Siemens AG case study. Note the importan.docx
Chapter 8 - Review the Siemens AG case study. Note the importance of understanding the interrelationships amongst all the senior leaders at every location. Pay special attention to Figure 8.1 and Figure 8.2. Note how the corporate CIO should engage with each of the regional leaders. Why is this important? (Information Technology and Organizational Learning)
The above submission should be one-page in length and adhere to APA formatting standards.
.
Chapter 7Victimology and Patterns of VictimizationThe a.docx
Chapter 7:
Victimology and Patterns of Victimization
The authors discuss the meaning of genocide, criminology’s aversion of the topic, and assertions of the United States’ own participation in it. Through reviewing a brief U.S. history, the authors argue that genocide stemming from the treatment of Native Americans throughout history should not be written off as radical conspiracy. Likening American Indian reservations to inner cities, a connection is made provoking questions between the historical treatment of African Americans and genocide.
Chapter 8: Lawmaking and the Administration of Criminal Law
This Chapter analyzes the impact that class, race, and gender have on shaping laws and the lawmaking process. Although criminal law is thought to be an objective measure of harm, it is instead the direct result of our political process headed by a powerful few, where money and privilege reign. The authors explain that the laws that shape our reality and perceptions of what is criminal serve the interests of the influential ruling class at the expense of the underclasses.
Discuss
one
of the following (Write Minimum of 250 words):
1. You learned in Chapter 7 that certain victims are valued above others. Why do you think that is? How do you think that impacts the U.S Criminal Justice System?
OR
2. According to Chapter 8, minorities are the labor pool that is regulated through punishment. How is this analysis relevant in criminal justice today?
.
Chapter 7Thinking and IntelligenceFigure 7.1 Thinking .docx
Chapter 7
Thinking and Intelligence
Figure 7.1 Thinking is an important part of our human experience, and one that has captivated people for centuries.
Today, it is one area of psychological study. The 19th-century Girl with a Book by José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior, the
20th-century sculpture The Thinker by August Rodin, and Shi Ke’s 10th-century painting Huike Thinking all reflect the
fascination with the process of human thought. (credit “middle”: modification of work by Jason Rogers; credit “right”:
modification of work by Tang Zu-Ming)
Chapter Outline
7.1 What Is Cognition?
7.2 Language
7.3 Problem Solving
7.4 What Are Intelligence and Creativity?
7.5 Measures of Intelligence
7.6 The Source of Intelligence
Introduction
Why is it so difficult to break habits—like reaching for your ringing phone even when you shouldn’t, such
as when you’re driving? How does a person who has never seen or touched snow in real life develop an
understanding of the concept of snow? How do young children acquire the ability to learn language with
no formal instruction? Psychologists who study thinking explore questions like these.
Cognitive psychologists also study intelligence. What is intelligence, and how does it vary from person
to person? Are “street smarts” a kind of intelligence, and if so, how do they relate to other types of
intelligence? What does an IQ test really measure? These questions and more will be explored in this
chapter as you study thinking and intelligence.
In other chapters, we discussed the cognitive processes of perception, learning, and memory. In this
chapter, we will focus on high-level cognitive processes. As a part of this discussion, we will consider
thinking and briefly explore the development and use of language. We will also discuss problem solving
and creativity before ending with a discussion of how intelligence is measured and how our biology
and environments interact to affect intelligence. After finishing this chapter, you will have a greater
appreciation of the higher-level cognitive processes that contribute to our distinctiveness as a species.
Chapter 7 | Thinking and Intelligence 217
7.1 What Is Cognition?
Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Describe cognition
• Distinguish concepts and prototypes
• Explain the difference between natural and artificial concepts
Imagine all of your thoughts as if they were physical entities, swirling rapidly inside your mind. How is it
possible that the brain is able to move from one thought to the next in an organized, orderly fashion? The
brain is endlessly perceiving, processing, planning, organizing, and remembering—it is always active. Yet,
you don’t notice most of your brain’s activity as you move throughout your daily routine. This is only one
facet of the complex processes involved in cognition. Simply put, cognition is thinking, and it encompasses
the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, langu.
Chapter 7 2. How does a false positive alarm differ from a f.docx
Chapter 7
2. How does a false positive alarm differ from a false negative alarm? From a security perspective, which is less desirable?
3.
How does a network-based IDPS differ from a host-based IDPS?
14.
What is an open port? Why is it important to limit the number of open ports to those that are absolutely essential?
Chapter 8
3.
What is a cryptographic key, and what is it used for? What is a more formal name for a cryptographic key?
4.
What are the three basic operations in cryptography?
9.
What are the components of PKI?
.
Chapter 7 covers Corporate Information Security and Privacy Regu.docx
Chapter 7 covers Corporate Information Security and Privacy Regulation. Specifically, the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 was passed as a result of the Enron scandal. Give a short synopsis of the Enron scandal and then provide a short synopsis of SOX.
Answer the question with a short paragraph, between 250 and 350 words. Brevity is a virtue. That is why you are limited to 350 words. If you can't present your hypothesis in 350 words or less then it is too complicated.
Remember that when you state a fact if you don't provide a reference, it is not a fact but rather an opinion.
submit it by 2/16/2020 at 4:59 PM EST
.
Chapter 7The Problem of EvilOf all the objections to theism pr.docx
Chapter 7
The Problem of Evil
Of all the objections to theism presented by atheists, the most celebrated and oft-rehearsed, by far, is the problem of evil and suffering. Debates about evolution and the like notwithstanding, most reflective theists would likely agree that objections to belief in God posed by the occurrence of evil and suffering present a far more serious challenge than do objections from science. (In fact, one of the most popular lines of objection to theistic evolution is really a version of the problem of evil; it asks, How could a perfectly loving God employ a means of creation that proceeds by way of the systematic destruction of the weakest and most vulnerable creatures?) A distinction must be drawn, however, between the problem of evil as a philosophical objection to religious belief and the problem as a concerned question.
Some philosophers have put forward arguments from evil which purport to show that God does not exist or that belief in God is unreasonable. To such philosophical attacks, philosophical responses are appropriate. However, many people—believers and nonbelievers alike—are bothered by evil. When they are faced with suffering, on their own part or on the part of others, they may pose an agonizing Why? A philosophical argument is often the last thing such a person wants to hear; such an argument may appear irritatingly superficial or even callous. The person wants compassion and empathy, and the proper response may simply be to listen and try to share the other’s grief and questions. At such times the problem of evil calls more for pastoral care than for philosophical debate.
The philosophical problem of evil, on the other hand, can be posed briefly and sharply. It appears to many people that a perfectly good, all-knowing and all-powerful being, were he to exist, would not allow the kinds or quantity of evil and suffering that exists in our world. The underlying assumption of this argument is the intuition—common to many atheists and theists alike—that a good being eliminates evil as far as it is able to. God, being omniscient, should be aware of every instance of evil and suffering; being perfectly good, he would presumably want to eliminate all evil; being omnipotent, he should be able to do just that. If there were a God, therefore, one would expect not to find any evil in the world. Since one does find evil—and quite a bit of it—God must not exist. In this way, the existence of evil and suffering is thought to undermine the rationality of belief in God.
Types of Evil, Versions of the Problem and Types of Responses
The evils in the world which this argument takes as its basis are usually divided into two types. Moral evil is all the evil which is due to the actions of free, morally responsible beings. Murders, rapes and the hunger caused by social injustice would be examples of moral evil. Natural evil (or nonmoral evil) is all the evil that is not (or at least does not appear to be) due to the actions.
Chapter 7Social Networking,Engagement, andSocial Metrics.docx
Chapter 7
Social Networking,
Engagement, and
Social Metrics
Prepared by Dr. Derek Sedlack, South University
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Learning Objectives
Social Networking Services and Communities
Engaging Consumers with Blogs and Microblogs
Mashups, Social Metrics, and Monitoring Tools
Knowledge Sharing in the Social Workplace
Web 2.0—The Social Web
Web 2.0—The Social Web
The Constantly Changing Web
Web 2.0 (the social web): a term used to describe a phase of World Wide Web evolution characterized by dynamic webpages, social media, mashup applications, broadband connectivity and user-generated content.
Social media: a collection of Web applications, based on Web 2.0 technology and culture that allows people to connect and collaborate with others by creating and sharing digital content.
Chapter 7
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Web 2.0—The Social Web
The Constantly Changing Web
World Wide Web (the Internet): a network of documents on the Internet, called webpages, constructed with HTML markup language that supports links to other documents and media (e.g. graphics, video, audio, etc.).
Broadband: refers to wide bandwidth technologies that create fast, high volume connections to the Internet and World Wide Web.
Chapter 7
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Web 2.0—The Social Web
Chapter 7
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Web 2.0—The Social Web
Setting the Stage for Web 2.0
Broad bandwidth (broadband)
Sustainable business models
New Web programming technologies
Application programming interface (API)
Plug-Ins
Chapter 7
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Web 2.0—The Social Web
Setting the Stage for Web 2.0
AJAX technologies, or asynchronous JavaScript and XML, is a term referring to a group of technologies and programming languages that make it possible for webpages to respond to users’ actions without requiring the entire page to reload.
JavaScript
Extendable Markup Language (XML)
Document Object Model (DOM)
HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
XMLHttpRequest
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
Chapter 7
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Web 2.0—The Social Web
Chapter 7
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Web 2.0—The Social Web
Social Media Applications and Services
Social Networking Service (SNS): an online platform or website that allows subscribers to interact and form communities or networks based on real-life relationships, shared interests, activities and so on.
Both YouTube and Facebook started as SNSs, but now span multiple application categories.
Chapter 7
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Web 2.0—The Social Web
More than Facebook, YouTube, & Twitter
Collaboration
Communication and Engagement with Customers (Marketing)
Image and Reputation Management (Public Relatio.
CHAPTER 7The CPU and MemoryThe Architecture of Comp.docx
CHAPTER 7:
The CPU and Memory
The Architecture of Computer Hardware, Systems Software & Networking:
An Information Technology Approach
5th Edition, Irv Englander
John Wiley and Sons 2013
PowerPoint slides authored by Angela Clark, University of South Alabama
PowerPoint slides for the 4th edition were authored by Wilson Wong, Bentley University
CPU and MemoryEvery instruction executed by the CPU requires memory accessPrimary memory holds program instructions and dataSecondary storage is used for long term storageData is moved from secondary storage to primary memory for CPU execution
Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
7-*
Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CPU: Major ComponentsALU (arithmetic logic unit)Performs calculations and comparisonsCU (control unit)Performs fetch/execute cycle
Accesses program instructions and issues commands to the ALU
Moves data to and from CPU registers and other hardware componentsSubcomponents:
Memory management unit: supervises fetching instructions and data from memory
I/O Interface: sometimes combined with memory management unit as Bus Interface Unit
Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
7-*
Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
*
System Block Diagram
Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
7-*
Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
*
The Little Man Computer
Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
7-*
Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
*
Concept of RegistersSmall, permanent storage locations within the CPU used for a particular purposeManipulated directly by the Control UnitWired for specific functionSize in bits or bytes (not in MB like memory) Can hold data, an address, or an instructionHow many registers does the LMC have?What are the registers in the LMC?
Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
7-*
Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
*
RegistersUse of RegistersScratchpad for currently executing program
Holds data needed quickly or frequentlyStores information about status of CPU and currently executing program
Address of next program instruction
Signals from external devicesGeneral Purpose RegistersUser-visible or program-visible registersHold intermediate results or data values, e.g., loop countersEquivalent to LMC’s calculatorTypically several dozen in current CPUs
Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
7-*
Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
*
Special-Purpose RegistersProgram Counter Register (PC)Also called instruction pointer (IP)Instruction Register (IR)Stores instruction fetched from memoryMemory Address Register (MAR)Memory Data Register (MDR) Status RegistersStatus of CPU and currently executing programFlags (one bit Boolean variable) to track conditions like arithmetic carry and overflow, power failure, internal computer error
Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
7-*
Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
*
Register OperationsStores values from other locations (registers and memory)Addition and subtractionShift or rotate dataT.
Chapter 7QUESTION 1. Which of the following is defin.docx
Chapter 7
QUESTION 1
.
Which of the following is defined as the persistnce of learning over time, through the encoding, storage and retrieval of memory?
.
memory
long-term memory
short-term memory
sensory memory
.
10 points
QUESTION 2
.
Which of the following refers to the processing of information outside of conscious awareness?
.
sensory memory
short-term memory
automatic processing
working memory
.
10 points
QUESTION 3
.
Behaviors such as texting and driving home would be considered...
.
explicit memories
automatic processing
implicit memories
working memory
.
10 points
QUESTION 4
.
Which of the following pieces of memory would you not process automatically?
.
Where your bed and dresser are in your room
A new acquaintances address
The location of your PSY110 classroom
How to spell your name
.
10 points
QUESTION 5
.
Cramming has actually been shown to be an effective method of learning new information.
.
True
.
False
.
10 points
QUESTION 6
.
Mood can be a retrieval cue.
.
True
.
False
.
10 points
QUESTION 7
.
Which of the following brain structures is responsible for temporarily holding memories until they can be moved to storage?
.
basal ganglia
frontal lobe
cerebellum
hippocampus
.
10 points
QUESTION 8
.
Which of the following brain structures is most involved with you learning motor movements such as how to ride a bike?
.
brain stem
basal ganglia
frontal lobe
hippocampus
.
10 points
QUESTION 9
.
If you have to take a foreign language at Valpo and you took a foreign language in high school, you would benefit from taking the same language at Valpo as you did in high school because you would benefit most from which of the following?
.
Recall
Relearning
Recognition
.
10 points
QUESTION 10
.
This very multiple choice question, which is asking you to identify previously learned material, requires you to make use of which of the following skills?
.
relearning
recall
recognition
.
Chapter 2
QUESTION 1
.
Neurons are...
.
basic building blocks of the nervous system
extensions of the cell body that receive messages
extensions of the cell body that send messages
a nerve impulse
.
10 points
QUESTION 2
.
Everything psychological is simultaneously biological
.
True
.
False
.
10 points
QUESTION 3
.
Brain plasticity allows us to adapt to new environments
.
True
.
False
.
10 points
QUESTION 4
.
The nervous system consists of...
.
the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems
the brain and spinal cord
the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
.
10 points
QUESTION 5
.
Neurotransmitters...
.
include serotonin and dopamine and affect behaviors and emotions
are electrical impulses in the brain
the form of communication between motor neurons and sensory neurons
are natural opiates released in response to pain
.
10 p.
Chapter 7One pageAPA stylePlease comment on the followin.docx
Chapter 7
One page
APA style
Please comment on the following statement regarding our current educational system and examples of practices
:
"
It
is a cardinal precept of the newer school of education that the
beginning of instruction shall be made with the experience learners
already have; that this experience and the capacities that have been
developed during its course provide the starting point for all further
learning" (Dewey, 1938, p. 88
).
(
one page- deadline will be
Friday
.
CHAPTER 7Managing Financial OperationsRevenue cycle (bil.docx
CHAPTER 7
Managing Financial Operations
Revenue cycle (billing and collections)
Receivables management
Cash and marketable securities management
Inventory (supply chain) management
Operational monitoring and control
Copyright 2009 Health Administration Press
7 - ‹#›
Financial Operations
Financial operations involves the day-to-day oversight of such tasks as billing and collections (revenue cycle), cash management, and inventory management.
The specifics are highly dependent on the type of provider (e.g., hospital versus medical practice versus nursing home).
Thus, the focus here is on fundamental concepts as opposed to details.
Copyright 2009 Health Administration Press
7 - ‹#›
The Revenue Cycle
The revenue cycle is defined as all activities associated with billing and collecting for services.
In general, revenue cycle management should ensure that
patients are properly categorized by payer,
correct and timely billing takes place, and
correct and timely payment is received.
The revenue cycle includes the activities listed on the next slide.
Copyright 2009 Health Administration Press
7 - ‹#›
The Revenue Cycle (cont.)
Before-service activities:
Insurance verification
Certification of managed-care patients
Patient financial counseling
At-service activities:
Insurance status verification
Service documentation/claims production
After-service activities:
Claims submission
Third-party follow-up (if needed)
Denials management
Payment receipt and posting
Monitoring and reporting:
Monitoring
Review and improvement
Copyright 2009 Health Administration Press
7 - ‹#›
The Revenue Cycle (cont.)
In revenue cycle management, each of the identified activities is closely monitored to ensure that
the correct amount of reimbursement is collected on each patient,
reimbursements are collected as quickly as possible, and
the costs associated with the revenue cycle are minimized consistently with rapid and correct collections.
Two important keys to good revenue cycle management are information technology and electronic claims processing.
Copyright 2009 Health Administration Press
7 - ‹#›
Receivables Management
If a service is provided for cash, the revenue is immediately received.
If the service is provided on credit, the revenue is not received until the receivable is collected.
Receivables management, which falls under the general umbrella of the revenue cycle, is extremely important to healthcare providers.
Why?
Copyright 2009 Health Administration Press
7 - ‹#›
Accumulation of Receivables
Suppose Valley Clinic contracts with an insurer whose patients use $2,000 in services daily and who pays in 40 days.
The clinic will accumulate receivables at a rate of $2,000 per day.
However, after 40 days, the receivables balance will stabilize at $80,000:
Receivables = Daily sales × Average collection period
= $2,000
× 40
= $80,000
Copyright 2009 Health Administration Press
7 - ‹#›
Cost of Carrying Receiva.
CHAPTER 7Primate BehaviorWhat is Meant By Behavior.docx
CHAPTER 7
Primate Behavior
What is Meant By Behavior?
• Anything organisms do that involves action in response to
internal or external stimuli.
• The response of an individual, group, or species to its
environment.
• Such responses may or may not be deliberate and they
aren't necessarily the results of conscious decision
making.
Ecological Perspective
• Pertains to relationships between organisms and
all aspects of their environment
• Temperature
• Predators
• Vegetation
• Availability of food and water
• Types of food
• Disease organisms
• Parasites
Behavioral Ecology
Focuses on the relationship between behaviors,
natural environment, and biological traits of the
species.
Based on the assumption that animals, plants, and
microorganisms evolved together.
Behaviors have evolved through the operation of
natural selection, or
Some behaviors are influenced by genes and are
subject to natural selection the same way physical
characteristics are.
The Evolution of Behavior
Behavior constitutes a phenotype
Individuals whose behavioral phenotypes increase
reproductive fitness pass on their genes at a faster
rate.
Genes do not code for specific behaviors, but they do
code for biological factors that impact behavior, i.e.
hormone levels, intelligence
Species vary in their limits and potentials for learning
and behavioral flexibility, set by genetic factors.
Natural selection acts on genetic factors shaped by
ecological, the same as it does physical
characteristics
Social Structure
• The composition, size, and sex ratio of a group of
animals.
• The social structure of a species is, in part, the
result of natural selection in a specific habitat, and
it guides individual interactions and social
relationships.
Why Are Primates Social?
• Group living exposes animals to competition with other group
members, so why not live alone?
• Costs of competition are offset by the benefits of predator
defense provided by associating with others.
• Group living evolved as an adaptive response to a number of
ecological variables.
Some Factors That Influence Social Structure
• Body Size
• Larger animals are better able to retain heat and their overall energy
requirements are less than for smaller animals
• This means they need fewer calories per unit of body weight.
Some Factors That Influence Social Structure
• Metabolism
• The chemical processes within cells that break down nutrients and release
energy for the body to use.
• Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and Diet
• Smaller animals generally have a higher BMR than larger ones.
• This means smaller primates require an energy-rich diet high in protein,
fats, and carbohydrates (fruit, and insects).
Some Factors That Influence Social Structure
• BMR and Diet
• Nutritional needs have evolved along with BMR and body size
• Benefits are considered in terms of energy (calories) obtained from food
.
Chapter 7Medical Care Production and Costs(c) 2012 Cengage.docx
Chapter 7
Medical Care Production and Costs
(c) 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
The Short-Run Production Function of the Representative Medical Firm
Assumptions of short-run production:
Medical firm produces a single output of medical services, q
Only two medical inputs exist: nurse-hours, n, and a composite capital good, k
Quantity of capital is fixed at some amount
(c) 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
The Short-Run Production Function of the Representative Medical Firm
Medical firm faces an incentive to produce as efficiently as possible
Medical firm possesses perfect information regarding the demands for its product
(c) 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
The Short-Run Production Function of the Representative Medical Firm
Production function:
Identifies different ways nurse-hours & capital can be combined
To produce various levels of medical services
(c) 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
The Short-Run Production Function of the Representative Medical Firm
Each level of output produced by -
Several different combinations of the nurse and capital inputs
Each combination – assumed to be technically efficient – maximum amount of output that is feasible given the state of technology
(c) 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
The Short-Run Production Function of the Representative Medical Firm
Law of diminishing marginal productivity
At first, total output increases at an increasing rate
After some point, it increases at a decreasing rate
Total product curve, TP
Depicts total output produced by different levels of the variable input, holding all other inputs constant
(c) 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classro.
Chapter 7Evaluating HRD ProgramsWerner© 2017 Cengage Learn.docx
Chapter 7
Evaluating HRD Programs
Werner
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Learning Objectives
Define evaluation and explain its role in HRD
Discuss the various types of evaluation information available and compare the methods of data collection
Explain the role of research design in HRD evaluation
Describe the ethical issues involved in conducting HRD evaluation
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Learning Objectives (cont.)
Identify and explain the choices available for translating evaluation results into dollar terms
Calculate a utility estimate for a target organization.
Discuss how technology impacts HRD evaluation
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Questions to Consider
How do you evaluate training and HRD?
What measures can be used to evaluate training?
Is there one best way to evaluate training?
What should be considered as one prepares to evaluate HRD?
What are the ethical issues involved in evaluating HRD?
How can the value of HRD be expressed in terms of costs and benefits, or dollars and cents?
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Key Terms
Training effectiveness: benefits receive from training
Training evaluation: process of determining training effectiveness
Training outcomes: measures to evaluate training effectiveness
Evaluation design: data will be collected and which data will be collected for training evaluation
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Training and HRD Process
© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Evaluation Can Help
identify a program’s strengths and weaknesses
assess what features of training content and context matter
identify which trainees benefited
gather information for marketing training
determine financial benefits and costs
© 2017 .
CHAPTER 7INTEREST RATES AND BOND VALUATIONCopyright © 2019 M.docx
CHAPTER 7
INTEREST RATES AND BOND VALUATION
Copyright © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
7-‹#›
6.1
Define important bond features and types of bond
Explain bond values and yields and why they fluctuate
Describe bond ratings and what they mean
Outline the impact of inflation on interest rates
Illustrate the term structure of interest rates and the determinants of bond yields
Key Concepts and Skills
Copyright © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
7-‹#›
6.2
Remember, as with any asset, the value of a bond is simply the present value of its future cash flows.
Bonds and Bond Valuation
More about Bond Features
Bond Ratings
Some Different Types of Bonds
Bond Markets
Inflation and Interest Rates
Determinants of Bond Yields
Chapter Outline
Copyright © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
7-‹#›
Par value (face value) = principal amount, repaid at maturity
Coupon = stated interest payment
Coupon rate = annual coupon divided by face value
Maturity date
Yield or Yield to maturity = rate of return required in the market for the bond
Bond Definitions
Copyright © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
7-‹#›
6.4
Section 7.1 (A)
Although the coupon is typically paid in cash, examples exist of firms paying investors with product.
Yield to maturity, required return, and market rate are used interchangeably.
Bond Value = PV of coupons + PV of par
Bond Value = PV of annuity + PV of lump sum
As interest rates increase, present values decrease.
So, as interest rates increase, bond prices decrease and vice versa.
Present Value of Cash Flows
as Rates Change
Copyright © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
7-‹#›
Section 7.1 (B)
6.5
Consider a bond with a coupon rate of 10% and annual coupons. The par value is $1,000, and the bond has 5 years to maturity. The yield to maturity is 11%. What is the value of the bond?
Using the formula:
B = PV of annuity + PV of lump sum
B = 100[1 – 1/(1.11)5] / .11 + 1,000 / (1.11)5
B = 369.59 + 593.45 = 963.04
Using the calculator:
N = 5; I/Y = 11; PMT = 100; FV = 1,000
CPT PV = -963.04
Valuing a Discount Bond with Annual Coupons
Copyright © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
7-‹#›
6.6
Section 7.1 (B)
Remember the sign convention on the calculator. The easy way to remember it with bonds is we pay the PV (-) so that we can receive the PMT (+) and th.
CHAPTER 7FriendshipTHE NATURE OF FRIENDSHIPFRIENDSHIP ACROSS T.docx
CHAPTER 7
Friendship
THE NATURE OF FRIENDSHIPFRIENDSHIP ACROSS THE LIFE CYCLEDIFFERENCES IN FRIENDSHIPFRIENDSHIP DIFFICULTIESFOR YOUR CONSIDERATIONCHAPTER SUMMARY
I get by with a little help from my friends. John Lennon
Take a moment and think about your two best friends. Why are they such close companions? Why do you think of them as friends? You probably like but don't love them. (Or, at least, you're not “in love” with them, or you'd probably think of them as more than just “friends.”) You've probably shared a lot of good times with them, and you feel comfortable around them; you know that they like you, too, and you feel that you can count on them to help you when you need it.
Indeed, the positive sentiments you feel toward your friends may actually be rather varied and complex. They annoy you sometimes, but you're fond of them, and because they're best friends, they know things about you that no one else may know. You like to do things with them, and you expect your relationship to continue indefinitely. In fact, if you look back at the features that define intimacy (way back on page 2), you may find that your connections to your best friends are quite intimate, indeed. You may have substantial knowledge of them, and you probably feel high levels of trust and commitment toward them; you may not experience as much caring, interdependence, responsiveness, and mutuality as you do with a romantic partner, but all three are present, nonetheless.
So, are friendships the same as but just less intimate than our romantic partnerships? Yes and no. Friendships are based on the same building blocks of intimacy as romances are, but the mix of components is usually different. Romances also have some ingredients that friendships typically lack, so their recipes do differ. But many of the elements of friendships and romances are quite similar, and this chapter will set the stage for our consideration of love (in chapter 8) by detailing what it means to like an intimate partner. Among other topics, I'll describe various features of friendship and question whether men and women can be “just friends.”
Page 214
THE NATURE OF FRIENDSHIP
Our friendships are indispensable sources of pleasure and support. One study of unmarried young adults found that over one-third of them (36 percent) considered a friendship to be their “closest, deepest, most involved, and most intimate” current relationship (Berscheid et al., 1989). A larger proportion (47 percent) identified a romantic relationship as their most important partnerships, but friendships were obviously significant connections to others. And they remain so, even after people marry. Another study that used an event-sampling procedure1 to track people's interactions found that they were generally having more fun when they were with friends than when they were alone or with family members, including their spouses. The best times occurred when both their spouses and their friends were present, but if it was one or.
Chapter 7Lean Thinking and Lean SystemsMcGraw-Hill Ed.docx
Chapter 7:
Lean Thinking and Lean Systems
McGraw-Hill Education
Copyright © 2018 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
Copyright © 2018 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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The lean systems chapter begins with a broad orientation to lean and its elements with an historical perspective of its development. Then each element is discussed in detail in separate sections. The discussion includes situations in which elements of lean have been successfully applied, as well as situations in which they may not be applicable (e.g. smoothing the master production schedule in services). The chapter concludes with discussion on implementation of lean systems and how lean concepts can be applied to all business disciplines (manufacturing, services, government, etc.).
Chapter 7 Learning ObjectivesLO 7.1 Describe the origins and evolution of lean thinking.LO 7.2 Describe the five tenets of lean thinking and the seven forms of waste in a lean system.LO 7.3 Explain how a stabilized master schedule is achieved for repetitive manufacturing.LO 7.4 Design a kanban system for a lean system.LO 7.5 Explain how setup time, lot size, layout and maintenance are related to lean thinking.LO 7.6 Differentiate how employees, quality, and suppliers are unique in lean systems.LO 7.7 Explain how to implement a lean system.
7-*
Here are our Learning Objectives for this course. Between these videos, the textbook, supplemental readings, assignments and Discussion Boards, you will end the course with some new skills and many new insights.
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Evolution of LeanToyota Production System (TPS)Developed in Japan following WWII (limited resources)Also known as Just-in-Time (JIT) manufacturingCame to U.S.- 1981 at Kawasaki motorcycle plant in Lincoln, NebraskaLean ProductionTerm coined in late 1980sPopularized in 1990s by Womack, Jones & Roos’ “The Machine That Changed the World”
7-*
Copyright © 2018 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2018 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
After WWII the U. S. system of mass production was the envy of the world. Mass production – the production of standardized discrete products in high volume by means of repetitive manufacturing technologies – was the norm. Materials were purchased in large batches, and machines were made to run faster to reduce unit costs.
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Lean TenetsCreate product/service value from customer perspectiveReduce waste - mudaIdentify, study, improve the value streamObserve the process - gembaEnsure simple, smooth, error-free flowDetermine takt timeProduce only what is pulled by customerUse kanbansStrive for perfectionHold kaizen events, 5S, 5 Whys
7-*
Copyright © 2018 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2018 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Lean thinking is built around five tenets that include specific concepts, principles, and techniques to organize and deliver value t.
Chapter 7Food, Nutrition & Obesity PolicyEyler, Chriqui, M.docx
Chapter 7
Food, Nutrition & Obesity Policy
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
1
Identifying the Problem: Obesity & Its Consequences
Obesity = excessive body fat/bodyweight
BMI—a ratio of weight to height, calculated as kilograms divided by meters squared
Categorize an individual as obese = BMI ≥30
In children, obesity refers to a BMI greater than, or equal to, the 95th percentile
Obesity is a major risk factor for:
Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension
Greater risk for additional comorbid health conditions, including stroke, arthritis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, kidney disease, and mental health problems related to social stigma
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
2
Identifying the Problem: Obesity & Its Consequences
Disparities
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
3
Identifying the Problem: Obesity & Its Consequences
Disparities: Children
Between 1980 and 2004, obesity prevalence tripled among children aged 2 to 19 years increasing from 6% to 19%
Overall prevalence has remained fairly stable since 2004
2011–2012 = 17% of children obese
Hispanic children have the highest obesity prevalence, followed by: non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White children
Black children are more likely to be severely obese than are White children
Trends indicate the most pronounced increase of severe obesity in White female and Black male children
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
4
Identifying the Problem: Obesity & Its Consequences
Disparities: Adults
More prevalent in non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics
Exists at the highest rate among all adults aged 40 to 59 years
Gender- and income-based obesity-related disparities exist among all racial and ethnic groups
Most pronounced among non-Hispanic Black women across all age categories
Higher income non- Hispanic Black and Mexican American men have slightly higher obesity prevalence rates than those with lower incomes
Adults in rural areas are significantly more likely to be obese than those in urban areas
WHY?
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
5
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
6
Identifying the Problem: Obesity & Its Consequences
The Costs of Obesity
$315.8 billion was spent on adult obesity-related direct healthcare costs in 2010
Majority of expenses resulting from the treatment of comorbid health conditions, particularly type 2 diabetes
Medicare and Medicaid spending would see decreases of 8.5% and 11.8% if obesity-related costs were removed from the analysis
Obesity-related absenteeism translates to an estimated cost of $8.65 billion per year in lost productivity
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
7
Identifying the Problem: Obesity & Its Consequences
Obesogenic Environment
Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016
8
https://youtu.be/5Rm7E2e1Su8
Identifying the Problem: Obesity & Its Consequences
Obesogenic Environment.
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- 1. Chapter 7: Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care of Adults Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 1 Cultural Influences on Adulthood #1 Developmental tasks are transitions that occur in a normal successful adulthood. A health/illness situational crisis refers to changes or turmoil as individuals struggle to cope with a sudden life-threatening illness. Transitions: health or illness events that require an individual to make modifications in his/her lifestyle Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved 2 Cultural Influences on Adulthood #2 Physiologic development
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