Chapter 6 Religion.pptx

1. MPU 3173 PENGAJIAN MALAYSIA 3
CHAPTER 6:
RELIGION
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2. WHY DOES MAN NEED RELIGION?
1. Religion is a form of relationship between man and a supreme power.
2. It is a sacred relationship whereby man believes that this supreme power
(referred to as God) can provide protection and safety
3. Generally, religion is the manifestation of the relationship between man and
the Almighty
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3. RELIGION
1. Religion is divided into two: revealed religion and man-made religion
2. A revealed religion is a religion based on revelations from God to humans,
for example, Islam and Christianity
3. A man-made religion is a religion created through a body of human
philosophy and occasionally, they originated from collective thoughts and
reflections of thinkers of those times, for example, animism, Confusianism,
Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Tao, Shinto and primitive religion
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4. 4
Religion is
significance in
many ways:
The foundation
for moral values
Strengthen unity
in the society
Identity
The source of
law and good
governance
Culture and arts
Patriotism
The foundation
of a civilization

5. THE SPREAD OF RELIGION
IN MALAYSIA
ISLAM
1. The Malays are all Muslims.
2. Islam arrived in the Malay World as early as the 13th Century and maybe
even earlier.
3. The arrival of Islam in Malaya was proven through the discovery of the Batu
Bersurat Terengganu dated 1212.
4. The spread of Islam in Malaya steadily grew with the emergence of the
Malay Melaka Sultanate during the 15th century.
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6. Pillars of Islam:
1. The Shahadah, ‘There is no god but Allah. Muhammad is the Messenger of
Allah’.
2. Praying 5 times a day
3. Fasting during the month of Ramadan
4. Charity or alms-giving (zakat)
5. A pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)
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7. Pillars of Faith:
1. Belief in Allah SWT.
2. Belief in the Prophets and Messengers of God.
3. Belief in the Angels
4. Belief in the Holy Books
5. Belief in the Day of Judgement
6. Belief in Al-Qadar (Pre-ordainment)
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8. 8
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Important
days in Islam
The month of
Ramadan
Nuzul Quran
The month of Syawal
Hari Raya Haji
Maulidur Rasul
Maal Hijrah

9. BUDDHISM
1. The arrival of this religion is proven through the existence of Buddhist
ancient tomb temples called candi in the Bujang Valley, Kedah
2. Historically, Buddhism was founded by Siddartha Gautama
He was a prince from India known as Syakyamuni
He was prompted to meditate in search of the truth
His meditations led to the birth of Buddhism
3. The teachings of Buddha emphasized several cycles of life: sila, meditation,
awakening, attaining Sambodhi, freedom from the cycle of birth or nirvana
and the Law of Karma.
4. Buddhism is practiced by Chinese community.
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10. Four Noble Truths in Buddhas’s Teaching:
1. Dukka
2. Samudaya
3. Nirodha
4. Marga
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11. Eightfold Path in Buddha’s Teachings:
1. Right view
2. Right aspiration
3. Right speech
4. Right action
5. Right livehood
6. Right effort
7. Right mindfulness
8. Right concentration
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12. 12
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Major festivals for
the Chinese
community
Chap Goh Mei
Chinese New
Year
Tanglung
Festival
Chung or
Dragon Boat
Festival
Ching Ming

13. HINDUISM
1. Usually related to the Indians because many from Indian community in
Malaysia.
2. Historically, Hinduism originated from India.
3. Elements of the Hindu religion:
o Belief in the supreme being
o The concept of Karma and reincarnation
o The Vedas – Atharva, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanisads
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14. 14
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Thaipusam
Major Festivals
for Indian
Community
Deepavali
Tamil New
Year
Ponggal
Celebrating
the Gods’
festivals

15. CHRISTIANITY
1. The religion was founded by Jesus Christ from Jerusalem.
2. It is contained in the Bible in two books, the Old Testament and the New
Testament.
3. All Christians believe the doctrine of the Trinity.
4. The ‘cross’ is the best known symbol of Christianity.
5. The Christians are made up of the Chinese, Indians, the indigenous people of
Sabah and Sarawak.
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16. ISLAM IN THE CONSTITUTION
OF MALAYSIA
ARTICLE 3: RELIGION OF THE FEDERATION
1. Islam is the official religion of the federation; but other religions may be practiced
in peace and harmony in any part of the Federation
2. In every State other than States not having a Ruler the position of the Ruler as the
Head of the religion of Islam in his state in the manner and to the extent
acknowledged and declared by the Constitution, all rights, privileges, prerogatives
and powers enjoyed by him as Head of that religion, are unaffected and
unimpaired; but in any acts, observance or ceremonies with respect to which the
Conference of Rulers has agreed that they should extend to the Federation as a
whole each of the other Rulers shall in his capacity of Head of the religion of Islam
authorize the YDPA to represent him.
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17. ARTICLE 11: FREEDOM OF RELIGION
1. States that other religions may be practiced in peace and harmony anywhere
within the Federation since freedom of religion is guaranteed in the
Constitution
2. Every person has the right to profess and practice his religion and, subject to
Clause (4), to propagate it.
3. Though article 11 (4), state law and federal law may control or restrict the
propagation of other religions to Muslims
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18. 4. Every religious group has the right:
To manage its own religious affairs
To establish and maintain institutions for religious or charitable purposes
To acquire and own property and hold and administer it in accordance with
law
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The basis of
relationship in
Islam is divided
to 6 elements
Building
relationship/ al-
taaruf
Brotherhood/ al-
ukhwah
Cooperation/al-
ta’awun
Understanding/
al-tafahum
Love/al-
mahabbah
solidarity/ al-
tadhamun

20. Malaysia has had long journey and an excellent record as a multiracial, multi-
religious and multi-cultural nation. Individual in every community has the
freedom to practice the religion of their choice towards becoming persons of
high moral character and values. The religious practices and festivals
celebrated by each race is a national identity that is unique and must be
preserved.
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Summary

21. All lecturer notes are taken from;
• Andaya, B.W. and Andaya, L.Y. (1981), A History of Malaysia, Hong
Kong: Macmilla Asian Histories series.
• Chai Hon Chan. (1967). The development of British Malaya 1896-1909, Kuala
Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
• Mardiana Nordin dan Hasnah Husin. (2014). Malaysian Studies. Shah Alam:
Oxford Fajar.
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REFERENCES