Chapter 4 Nursing Care Facilities Learning Objectives 1. Define and describe nursing facilities 2. Identify sources of financing for nursing facilities 3. Identify and describe regulations affecting nursing facilities Learning Objectives (continued) 4. Identify and discuss ethical issues affecting nursing facilities 5. Identify trends affecting nursing facilities in the near future and describe the possible impact of those trends What is a Nursing Facility? Includes: Facilities licensed by the states offering room, board, nursing care and some therapies Those certified by Medicare as skilled nursing facilities (SNF) and what used to be called intermediate care facilities (ICF) How Nursing Facilities Developed Early charity-based forms of care Poor public image Increased regulation Significant improvement Still under scrutiny Philosophy of Care Medical vs. social model • “care not cure” Multidisciplinary approach Family involvement Ownership of Nursing Facilities Largely for profit (68%) Nonprofit (25%) Government owned (6%) Growth in multifacility chains (55%) Services Provided Nursing Physical therapy Occupational therapy Speech therapy Medical and dental services Medications Laboratory and X-ray services Room and board Special Care Units By diagnosis or disability: • Alzheimer’s disease • Mental health and intellectual disabilities • Brain injury • AIDS By age: • Pediatric • Young adult Those Served Elderly – over 90% Female – two-thirds, male – one-third Both physical and mental disabilities • Two-fifths have dementia • Many have depression Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) Bathing Dressing Eating Toileting Transferring * Average resident needs help with 4 ADLs Market Forces Need-driven admissions Family- and physician-initiated admissions Hospital Readmissions Location relative to resident’s family Alternative types of care (or lack of) © 2010 Jones an Brtlett Publishers, LLC Regulations Purpose of regulations: Care is safe and of high quality Care is not unnecessarily expensive Services are uniformly accessible Rights of workers are protected Types of Regulations Affecting residents Affecting employees Affecting building construction and safety Financing Nursing Facilities Reimbursement sources: Medicaid – 66% Medicare – 13% Private pay and other sources – the remainder Medicare Coverage Restrictions: Covers only skilled nursing care Must follow 3-day hospital stay Limited to 100 days per “benefit period” Requires co-payment for days 21–100 Staffing and Human Resource Issues Nursing Certified nurse aides (CNAs) Medical coverage Other specialists • Often on contract basis Legal and Ethical Issues Responsibility to: Protect residents’ rights Act ethically Types of Legal and Ethical Issues Day-to-day quality-of-life issues: • Auto ...