Dunman Sec Sec3EXP Chapter 1.1 Revision

1. CHAPTER 1.1
REVISION

2. When studying theTreaty ofVersailles:
You ought to know
■ AIMS and REASONS for their MOTIVATIONS of the
BIG 3
■ TERMS of theTreaty ofVersailles and its IMPACT on
Germany.

3. AIMS and REASONS for their
MOTIVATIONS of the BIG 3
■ Need to know the difference between the individual
leaders (BIG 3)
■ Need to know WHY they held those attitudes.

4. Leaders Attitude towards Germany at
Versailles
• Germany should be crippled
• Germany should pay reparations
• Germany to accept total blame
• Wanted revenge
• Germany should be punished
• Germany should not be crippled, but it
should not be allowed to build a strong
navy
• Germany was a future potential trading
partner
• Unjust treatment of Germany might lead
to future wars
• Germany should be punished and

5. The different motivations
and aims of the ‘Big Three’
were determined by the
different experiences that
each country faced during
the war.

6. US PRESIDENT
• A ‘fair and lasting peace’ for the world in general based on Woodrow Wilson’s
Fourteen Points.
• He wanted to achieve a fair peace which included:
• Self Determination
• Disarmament
• Establishing the League of Nations
Why did the US have these aims?
• The USA was not keen to be entangled in European affairs
and was more concerned about making the world a safer
place.
• The USA’s war experience was different from Britain and
France.
• Unlike France, it had not been invaded in WW1. It had also

7. BRITAIN PRIME MINISTER
• Britain wanted ‘justice’, but not revenge. It wanted to punish Germany but
still needed Germany for its own political reasons.
• However, PM Lloyd George was under pressure to make Germany pay a high
price.
Why did the British PM have these aims?
• Britain was concerned with the threat of Communism. A
strong Germany could stop the threat of Communism.
• Britain, with its weakened economy believed a recovered
Germany would help to boost the economy of Europe. She
also wanted Germany to resume their trading partnership.
• However, Britain also had suffered large numbers of casualties
during WW1. Prime Minister Lloyd George had won the
election promising to ‘make Germany pay’.

8. FRANCE’S PRIME MINISTER
• France wanted revenge on Germany and compensation for its war damage.
• It wanted Germany’s reparations to be as large as possible.
• France wanted Germany to accept total blame for the war.
• France wanted to reclaim Alsace-Lorraine, which was lost to Germany in 1871.
Why did the French PM have these aims?
• Germany had attacked France twice (in 1870 and 1914) and lost
valuable land like Alsace-Lorraine.
• France wanted to punish Germany because France’s damage and
destruction was severe. It suffered many casualties and its
economy was shattered.
 France wanted to obtain reparations for the damage done.
• It was determined to weaken Germany so France would never be
in danger again.
•

9. TERMS of the Treaty of Versailles and its
IMPACT on Germany.
■ Need to know each term of TOV plus factual
examples
■ Need to know the impact of each factor on
Germany = Feeling + Outcome

10. Terms of the Treaty
1. German
territorial losses
2. Military terms
3. War guilt
clause
4. Reparations
5. League of
Nations

11. Impact: The Diktat

12. Impact: Crippling Germany

13. Impact: Leading to German
resentment, anger

14. Example ofType of Possible SEQ (A)
Questions onTOV
Question Focus
Explain the aims/motivations of the leaders during the
Paris Peace Conference
Explain how the Allies wanted to deal with Germany after
WW2
Explain why the aims of the BIG 3 differed each other?
Explain why the Germans resented/ hated theTOV
Explain how theTOV affected the German’s lives
Explain why theTOV was humiliating to the Germans

15. Example ofType of Possible SEQ (A)
Questions onTOV
Question Focus
Explain the aims/motivations of the leaders during the
Paris Peace Conference
Aim+ Reasons
behind
Explain how the Allies wanted to deal with Germany after
WW2
Attitudes +
Terms/Impact
Explain why the aims of the BIG 3 differed each other? Attitudes +
Impact (Terms)
Explain why the Germans resented/ hated theTOV Terms + Impact
Explain how theTOV affected the German’s lives Terms +Impact
Explain why theTOV was humiliating to the Germans Terms + Impact

16. Example ofType of Possible SEQ (A)
Questions onTOV
Question Focus
Describe why the Allies deemed it necessary to
impose a toughTOV on Germany.
Reasons of Allies
What were the reasons the Germans found theTOV
harsh?
Terms ofTOV +
IMPACT
Describe how Clemenceau and Wilson differed over
how to deal with Germany.
Differing
of Allies
Describe the terms of theTOV. Terms ofTOV