3. 1.1 the variety of organisms
1. Living things are
called organisms.
There are many
kinds of organisms on
Earth.
2. The variety of
different types
organisms on Earth
is called biodiversity 3
6. The place where organisms live is called the
habitat.
Biodiversity is found in various habitats such as
forests, ponds, deserts, seas and soil.
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7. The importance of biodiversity
Maintain the balance of nature
Sources of food
Attract tourists and so can contributes to the economy of the
country.
Sources of medicine
Raw material for industries
Education
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11. A. Invertebrates
a. More than 90% of animals are invertebrates
b. Since invertebrates have no backbone, they are
usually small in size.
c. Examples:
Inserts such as ants, butterflies, flies, and cockroaches
Spiders
Crabs
Prawns
Worms
Mollusks such as snails
12. B. Vertebrates
a. Smaller group compared to invertebrates.
However, we are more familiar with this group
of animals
b. Since vertebrates have backbone to support their
weight, many vertebrates are large in size
c. Examples:
Elephants
Eagles
Whales
Snakes
Frogs
Clown fish
15. 1.Common characteristics of fish
Body covered with slimy scales for protection
Have fins and tail to swim
Streamlined bodies to swim well
Breathe through gills
Poikilothermic (body temperature changes with the
surrounding temperature)
Lay eggs
Carry out external fertilization (eggs are fertilized outside
the female body)
17. 1. Common characteristics of amphibians
• Body covered with moist skin
• Adults can live on land and water
• Adults breathe with lung on land and through
moist skin when in water
• Poikilothermic (body temperature changes with the
surrounding temperature)
• Lay eggs covered with jelly-like substance
• Young amphibians live in water and breathe through
gills
• Carry out external fertilization (eggs are fertilized
outside the female body)
19. 1. Common characteristics of reptiles
•Body covered with hard and dry scales for protection
•Breathe with lungs
•Lay eggs with leathery shell
•Poikilotermic (body temperature changes with
surrounding temperature)
•Carry out internal fertilization (eggs are fertilized
inside the female body)
21. 1.Common characteristics of birds
•Body covered with feathers
•Have wings and beak
•Breathe with lungs
• Homeothermic (body temperature remains constant)
•Lay eggs with hard shells
•Carry out internal fertilization (eggs are fertilized inside
the female body)
23. 1. Common characteristics of mammals
•Body covered with hair or fur
•Breathe with lungs
• Homeothermic (body temperature remains constant)
•Give birth to live young
•Carry out internal fertilization (eggs are fertilized inside
the female body)
•Young mammals feed on milk from their mother’s
mammary glands
25. Plants
Produce flowers Do not produce flowers
Needle-like
leaves
Leaves divided
into leaflets
Leave with Leaves with
parallel veinsnetwork-like
veins
Single blade
leaves
Leaves divided
Into leaflets
Leaves with
network-like
veins
Leaves with
parallel veins
26. Non-flowering plants
• Further divided to conifers, ferns, mosses, and algae
• Conifers
Reproduce by seeds produced in cones
Have needle-like leaves
Example: casuarinas, pine
• Ferns
Reproduced by spores on the underside of leaves
Example: Bird’s nest fern, stag’s horn fern
27. • Mosses
Reproduce by spores produced in capsules
Example: White moss
• Algae
Very simple plants
No proper roots, stems, leaves
Example: Seaweed
28. Flowering plants
•Produce flower for reproduction
•Flower fruits and seeds new plants
•Based on the seeds they produce, flowering plants can be further
divided into 2 groups
Flowering plants
Monocotyledons Dicotyledons
Have seeds with one cotyledon Have seeds with two cotyledon