1. The document discusses business process management, which involves managing business processes through their lifecycles. It involves designing, implementing, monitoring, and improving processes. 2. Key aspects of business process management include modeling processes, configuring software systems to enact the processes, monitoring process execution, and evaluating processes for improvement. 3. Many roles are involved in business process management, from defining strategic goals to designing and executing individual processes to developing supporting software systems. Processes may be fully automated, semi-automated, or involve human tasks. They can range from highly repetitive to collaborative.

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• Collaboration of two communities:
1. Business administration
2. Computer science communities.
Business Process Methodology 1. Researcher community
Chapter 1- Introduction 2. Software community
• Business process management is influenced by
concepts and technologies from different areas
of business administration and computer
Prepared by: science. Based on early work in organization and
Rao Majid Shamshad management, business process management has
University of Education, Lahore its roots in the process orientation trend of the
email: majidrao111@gmail.com
http://www.bpm-ue.blogspot.com
1990s, where a new way of organizing
companies on the basis of business processes
was proposed.
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Business Process….Definitions Business Process
• A business process is a: • A business process consists of a set of activities
“collection of activities that take one or more that are performed in coordination in an
kinds of input and create an output that is of organizational and technical environment. These
value to the customer.” (Michael Hammer and James Champy activities jointly realize a business goal. Each
) business process is enacted by a single
• “a set of logically related tasks performed to organization, but it may interact with business
achieve a defined business outcome for a processes performed by other organizations.
particular customer or market.” (Davenport)
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Business Process Management
“Business process management includes
concepts, methods, and techniques to support Simple Buying-Selling Process
the design, administration, configuration, 1. The buyer sends an order message to the reseller (Place
enactment, and analysis of business processes.” Order activity).
2. The reseller accepts the order message in the Receive
Order activity. The order information is then extracted
• Business Process Management System from the message, and order processing continues.
3. The reseller sends an invoice (Send Invoice) and ships
“A business process management system is a the ordered products (Ship Products).
generic software system that is driven by 4. The buyer receives the invoice in the Receive Invoice
activity.
explicit process representations to coordinate 5. The buyer sends the payment in the Settle Invoice
the enactment of business processes.” activity.
6. Finally, the buyer receives the ordered products in the
Receive Products activity.
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Conductor of Orchestra
• Business processes are performed in a single
organization by definition, the ordering of
activities can be controlled by a business process
management system as a centralized software
component run by the reseller company. This
centralized control is very similar to a conductor
who centrally controls the musicians in an
orchestra; therefore, business processes are also
called process orchestrations.
(Chapter 4 will investigate languages to express process orchestration)
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Process Choreography
• Dancers who need to agree on a common
choreography before the show starts. During the
performance, however, each dancer behaves
autonomously but in line with his or her part in
the choreography.
• Similarly, In order to realize correct interactions,
the interacting business processes need to agree
on a common choreography before they start
interacting.
(Process choreographies will be discussed in detail in Chapter 5).
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Business Process Lifecycle 1. Design and Analysis
• Surveys on business process and organizational
and technical environment are conducted
• Based on those surveys Business processes are:
▫ Identified
▫ Reviewed
▫ Validated
▫ Representation by Business process models
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Design and analysis
Design and analysis
• A lot of techniques for analyzing your model:
• Based on surveys, findings, and business
Validation Simulation Verification
improvement activities;
Informal business process description is • Prove validity • Copy/ • Shouldn’t
• Conform reproduce contain
formulized by using particular business process the undesired
truth or value
notation (symbols). • Declare appearance, properties
(Chapter 4 investigates languages to express business process model) legally valid character or • Model must
condition represent
• Step by step desired or
checking actual
process
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Configuration…….”ACID”
2. Configuration
Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability
• Implementation
▫ A lot of policies and procedures are
• Process based system Survival for
 Configure system according to process future
• Process based system All-or-
Consistence
No
interference
database
 Configure process according to system nothing
state
in other
transactions
Long life
time
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Configuration…………… 3. Enactment
• Once system is configured: • Actual run time of the business process
▫ Test the system • Entry of real activities
 Whether a software system exposes the expected ▫ e.g. the receipt of an order sent by a customer
behavior • Controls the execution
▫ Execution constraints
▫ Additional activities • Monitoring components
 Training of employees ▫ Status of process e.g. :
 Migration of data in new platform (New system)  Enabled activity (green)
 Running activity (blue)
 Completed activity (grey)
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4. Evaluation Stakeholders
• Purpose of evaluation : • Chief Process Officer: The chief process officer is
▫ Check the quality of system responsible for standardizing and harmonizing
business processes in the enterprise.
▫ Adequacy of process
• Business Engineer: Business engineers are
 e.g. certain activity taking too long due to shortage of business domain experts responsible for defining
resources strategic goals of the company and organizational
▫ Improvement of business processes business processes.
• Process Responsible: Each business process
model is assigned an individual who is responsible
for the correct and efficient execution of all business
processes using this model.
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Stakeholders………. Stakeholders………
• Process Designer: Process designers are • System Architect: System architects are
responsible for modeling business processes by responsible for developing and configuring business
communicating with business domain experts process management systems so that the configured
and other stakeholders. business process management system enacts the
• Process Participant: Process participants business processes in the context of the information
conduct the actual operational work during the systems infrastructure at hand.
enactment of business process instances • Developers: Developers are information
• Knowledge Worker: Knowledge workers are technology professionals who create software
process participants who use software systems to artifacts required to implement business processes.
perform activities in a business process.
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Intra-organizational Processes v/s
Degree of Automation
Process Choreographies
• If there is no interaction with business processes • Fully automated:
performed by other parties, then the business ▫ no human is involved in the enactment of such a
process is called intra-organizational. business process.
• Semi-automated
• Most business processes, however, interact with
business processes in other organizations, • Partially automated
forming process choreographies.
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Degree of Repetition
• Highly repetitive
▫ online airline ticketing
• collaborative business processes.
▫ improving the collaboration between the persons
involved is at the centre of attention,
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