This document defines key concepts in management information systems. It discusses data, which is raw user input, and information, which is processed data that has meaning. An example is given of a student admission form containing data that is processed into a student ID card containing information. The document also defines policies as principles to guide decisions, strategies as plans of action to achieve policies, and procedures as step-by-step guidelines for how policies and strategies are implemented. Finally, it provides a comparison of how policies prescribe what should be done, strategies define when and where, and procedures outline how and who will implement tasks.

1. Management Information System
Understanding
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2. Basic Concepts
Data - User inputs into a computer is Data, likes raw
material before data processing. Data maybe relates as
facts, figures, events, transactions, images, songs, and
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documents. Data is also refers to unprocessed information.
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Information - When data is processed into meaningful
format, by specific program, it becomes information.
Information is also know as results.
Conclusion - When data feeding operator fill any type of
form, commonly page have empty fields with specific field
heading, and operator fill this form (mean data input), and
when press execute or save command all data going for
main software for processing, and store in central
database system, and output report is information. 2

3. Example - Student admission form, at time of submission
college collect required student data like name, age,
pervious history of education, certificates, picture and
signature. When admission department process in their
system with some specific program (student enrolment
software), after successful process, students get admission
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and issuing student ID card, student ID card is information
of student. NADRA ID card, passport, business agreement,
purchase invoice, compile presentation, electric bill, and
video film are all of information's.
Process
• Student • Enrolment and
documents, • Admission Student ID
signature, pics process
Information
Data
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4. Policy – A policy is typically described as a principle or rule
to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes, within
organization.
 Business Policies are the guidelines developed by an
organization to govern its actions.
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 Business Policy defines the scope or spheres within
which decisions can be taken by the subordinates in an
organization.
 They define the limits within which decisions must be
made.
 Business policy also deals with acquisition of resources
with which organizational goals can be achieved.
 Business policy is the study of the roles and
responsibilities of top level management
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5.  Policy describe organization goals and long term run
acting plan.
 Policies are generally adopted by the board of or senior
governance body within an organization.
 All policies are documented with board of director
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approval, also know as law of company.
Conclusion - organization guidelines, scope of work,
working limits, resource management, responsibilities of
senior management, long term goal, define at board, and
documented.
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6. Strategy – A strategy is a plan of action, designed to
achieve policy goals.
 Business Strategy develop acting time line chart of an
organization.
 A strategy is the practical methodology used to achieve
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a target as prescribed by a policy.
 Strategy is concerned with those organizational
decisions which have not been faced before in same form.
 Strategy is the high level approach to an issue that is
planned to produce change through implementation of a
policy.
 Board of directors discus business strategies and
convey to senior management
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7.  On the behalf of business strategy company outcomes
may possible.
 Strategy also be documented but not law of company.
Conclusion - action plan, practical methodology, discus on
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possibilities, high level approach, pass on senior
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management, outcomes depends, not a company law.
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8. Procedure – A procedure is a set of executions guidelines,
in the manor of organization policies and strategies.
 Step-by-step sequence of activities that must be
followed in the symmetric order to correctly perform a
task.
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 A procedure is sometimes called a work instruction.
 A Procedure tells users how to, and who will,
implement the policy.
 Detail documents, which are part of organization
manual or law book.
 A procedure is a way that you achieve consistent
results.
 Procedures define by senior management, with board
of directors approval.
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9.  With government / standardized institute
collaboration, these procedures also be packed in SOP
(Standard Operate Procedures).
 For execution of SOP’s, senior management pass
through to management; monitor and take reporting with
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them.
Conclusion – step by step instructions, how and who will
done job, document and part of law book, make continues
result, define by senior management, SOP, pass through to
management.
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10. Comparison – this step may clear concepts and
confusions;
Policy what should be
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done?
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Strategy when and where
should be done?
Procedure how should be
and who will be done?
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11. Example – Organization vision to deploy central data
storage for business activities;
Policy
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board of director visualize that company
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data must be store, in Head Office data center
Strategy board define scope that should be
done before 2011-2012 audit, and IT department
perform main roll
Procedure head of IT define process of
data storage in HO and branch offices, and for execution
forward to IT managers with dead lines
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12. People - All skill human manpower, which may qualified,
technical trained, obey the policy, follow the procedures,
and share information with system / organization, known
as People.
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13. We make deference between peoples in an organization
with respect to their job rolls and responsibilities; these
job roll also known as organization chart.
Job Job roll Pictures
Board of Define business policies,
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director strategies and control it
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Senior Develop and monitor working
Management procedures as per board
Management Execute and reporting policies
with respect to procedures
Staff Support operation
Labor Workforce
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14. Hardware - All physical devices which are used for input
data, process on it, generate output, store data and make
communication links are Hardware.
Input Process
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Communication
Store Output
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15. Hardware support during business process, it may divide
into two categories like,
Computerized Hardware
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• Desktops, laptops, workstations,
servers, printers, scanners, and
storage
Specialize Hardware
• Biometrics, IP cameras, PABX,
photocopier, and USB
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16. Software - All computer define instructions / programs,
which may operate hardware and process user input data
for output, known as Software.
User • Operator input data
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Application • Oracle form is data entry form
Software
System • Windows XP used as
Software operating system
• Computer
Hardware
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17. Software's perform key roll in business processing, all of
computer activate with system software (operating
system), and specialized programs are used for business
processing.
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System Software
• Windows XP, Red Hat Linux, Sun
Solaris Unix, and Mac OS X
Application Software
• MS Office, WinZip, Norton antivirus,
Oracle 10g database, yahoo
messenger, EA games, and Photoshop
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18. Network – An interconnected system of computers,
devices, communication channels / links, terminals, and
specialize software known as Network.
 Today business industries used network as core IT tool
in their business processing.
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 Network is support and maintain communication link
between computer to computer, department to data
center, branch to head office, and customer / end user to
organization.
 With the network, efficient and real time reporting
possible.
 Network replace branch back office with central head
office ERP.
 Remote monitoring is possible by network technology.
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19.  Network facilitate online and offline both business
transaction type activity.
 Network place symmetric business facility for all clients
and company users.
 Immediate
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board dissension and policies
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implementation.
 Effective business control with-in and out of
organization.
Conclusion – core IT tool, communication link, real time
reporting, support central ERP, remote monitoring, online
business, symmetric business environment, immediate
policy action, and control of business.
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20. Categories – network may separate into two categories
with respect to their geographical boundary and working
limitation;
With respect to geographical boundary;
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LAN (Local Area Network)
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• Within building communication network is LAN
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
• Within city building to building and branch to
branch connectivity, knows as MAN
WAN (Wide Area Network)
• City to city and world wide network connectivity,
is WAN
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21. With respect to working limitation;
Internet
• Open web base, email, storage, chat, and
VoIP service for any user around the world.
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Intranet
• An Internet like network with-in organization;
web base application, email, storage, real
time reporting, and VoIP service for
organization users world wide.
Externat
• A network provide selective network resource
of company to their partner, customer,
supplier, and open market.
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22. What is Information Technology?
 IT is technical knowledge of data and information,
which are associate with relative software's and deployed
on hardware based system, and environment is network.
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 Information technology deals in data, information,
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hardware, software, and network.
Data
Network Information
IT
Software Hardware
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23. What is Information System?
 An information system can be organize combination of
data and information, which may associate specialize
software running on hardware with network environment;
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and all of these activities should be perform with respect
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to organization policies, strategies, and procedures.
• Company rules Data
Policy
Network Information
• Company
Strategy
action plan IT
• SOP
Procedure Software Hardware
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24. What is Management Information System?
 An MIS, complete information system model; with
respect to people with their level of authorization in an
organization, interaction with-in system.
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IT IS MIS
• Data, • Policies, • people
information, strategies,
hardware, procedures
software,
network
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