The document summarizes several U.S. trade preference programs including the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI), Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA), African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), and the maquiladora program between the U.S. and Mexico. It describes eligibility requirements, rules of origin, products that qualify for duty-free access, and exclusions under each program.

1. CHAPTER IV SPECIAL TARIFF PREFERENCE PROGRAMS Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA) Freely Associated States (FAS) African Growth & Opportunity Act (AGOA) U.S.-Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act (CBTPA) Maquiladora

2. Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) Grants duty-free entry to specified products from designated developing countries Trade Act of 1974: 1/1/76 to 7/4/93 & To 9/30/94, 7/31/95, 5/31/97,6/30/98, 6/30/99, 9/30/01 12/31/2006 per the Trade Act of 2002 & extended again to 12/31/2008 Approximately 4,400 items eligible from more than 140 countries in 1994

3. Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) Eligibility Requirements: A beneficiary developing country designated by the President A or A* or A+ in "Special subcolumn of Column 1 of HTSUS Directly imported into the USA Produced in a beneficiary country Wholly (100%) the growth, product or manufacture of a beneficiary country Substantially transformed into a new and different product

4. Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) Produced in a beneficiary country (continued) The sum of the cost or value of the materials and direct cost of processing operations in the beneficiary country, not less than 35% of the appraised value at the time of entry into the U.S. General and Administrative (G&A) expenses and profit not considered as direct cost of process operations. A Certificate of Origin Form A of the UNCTAD

5. Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) Ineligible Articles Textile and apparel articles Watches Import-sensitive electronic articles Import-sensitive steel products Footwear, handbags, luggage, flat goods, work gloves, leather wearing apparel Import-sensitive glass products Articles determined to be import-sensitive by the President

6. Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) Competitive Need Limits : A country loses its GSP eligibility for a product when the U.S. imports from that country either account for 50 % or more of the value of the U.S. total imports or Exceeds a specific annual adjusted value set at $75 million in 1996 with annual increase of $5 million. The value limit increased to $125 million in 2006. Terminates July 1 of the next calendar year

7. Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) Ineligible countries A Communist country. But eligible if such country (a) receives Normal Trade Relations (NTR) treatment, (b) is a member of WTO and IMF, (c) and is not dominated or controlled by international communism. A member or a party to an arrangement of foreign countries such OPEC (a) to hold vital commodity resources from international market or raise price to an reasonable level and (b) cause serious disruption of world economy But eligible if it is a party to a trade agreement with the U.S. and is not in violation of such agreement

8. Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) Ineligible countries (continued): A country affording preferential treatment to a product of a developed country which has a significant adverse effect on the U.S. commerce A country nationalized or expropriated the U.S. property, or violated patents, trademarks, copyrights of a U.S. citizen A country which fails to honor arbitral awards

9. Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) Ineligible countries (continued): A country which aids or grants a sanctuary to international terrorists A country which is not taking steps giving internationally recognized worker rights to its workers A country that does not implement any commitments to eliminate the worst forms of child labor

10. Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) Graduation & Suspension Graduation: Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan & S. Korea on 1/1/89, Malaysia 1/1/97 Recently more countries were delisted. Countries of Free Trade Agreement were delisted Suspension: Chile: 1988-1991 Thailand: 1989-1994 Maldives 1995 Miyanma 1997

12. Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act of 1983 1/1/84-9/30/95 Caribbean Basin Economic Expansion Act of 1990 Extended to perpetuity Caribbean and Central American countries

13. Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) Eligibility Requirements: A beneficiary developing country E or E* in "Special" subcolumn of HTSUS Directly imported Produced in a beneficiary country Wholly (100%) the growth, product or manufacture Substantially transformed into a new and different product 35% or more value added in one or more beneficiary countries. General & Administrative expenses and profit are excluded.

14. Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) Not substantially transformed products Putting batteries in devices Bolting, gluing or soldering Adding water to concentrates Diluting chemicals Painting or applying decals or labels

15. Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) Substantially transformed products Assembling a large number of components onto a printed circuit board Mixing two bulk medicinal substances and repackaging into individual doses for retail sale. Adding water to a chemical compound under pressure resulting in a new chemical compound A simple combining. packaging, or dilution operation coupled with another type of processing such as fabricating or testing

16. Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) Items excluded from duty free entry Textiles and apparel Watch and watch parts containing components from Non-NTR countries Luggage, handbags, flat goods (wallet) Work gloves Leather wearing apparel Agricultural products subject to a tariff-rate quota

17. Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) Products of 100% U.S. components: Duty-free entry except water, textile & apparel, petroleum and petroleum products

18. Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) Special Access Program (SAP) for CBI Textile Since the textile quota ended as of January 1, 2005` this grogram does not have any effect anymore.

19. Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA) 12/4/1991-12/4/2001, 12/31/2006: Trade Act of 2002. Extended to 12/31/2008 Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru "J "or "J*" in the "Special" subcolumn of Column 1 Min. 35% Regional Value Content (RVC)

20. Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA) Articles Excluded from Duty-free Entry Textiles & Apparel articles Footwear Tuna in airtight containers Petroleum and its products Watches and its parts Handbags, luggage, flat goods, work gloves, leather apparel

21. Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA) Articles Excluded from Duty-free Entry (continued) Sugars, syrups, molasses Rum & tafia Agricultural product subject to tariff-rate quotas

22. Freely Associated States (FAS) October 18, 1989. No expiry date Marshal Islands, Micronesia, Palau "Z" on Customs Form 7501, Entry Summary Min. 35% RVC

23. Freely Associated States (FAS) Articles Excluded from Duty-free Entry Textiles & apparel articles Footwear, handbags, luggage, flat goods, work gloves, leather wearing apparel Watches, clocks, timing apparatus Buttons Tuna & skipjack in airtight containers in excess quantity afforded duty-free Agricultural products

24. African Growth & Opportunity Act (AGOA) October 1, 2000-September 30, 2008 & 9/30/2015 Sub-Saharan African countries “ D” in “Special” subcolumn of Column 1 of HTSUS Certain textiles & apparel articles: Duty & quota-free Min. 35% RVC

25. U.S.-Caribbean Trade Partnership Act (CBTPA) October 1, 2000-September 30, 2008 or FTA entry date, whichever comes first Caribbean and Central American countries (fewer countries than CBI) “ R” in “Special” subcolumn of Column 1 of HTSUS More trade benefits than the initial CBI Certain textile & apparel articles: Duty & quota-free 50% RVC under net cost. 60% under transaction value

26. Maquiladora Program Launched as Border Industrialization Program by the Mexican government in 1966 after the end of 23-year Bracero Program in1965 Mexican Corporation operating under In-Bond Program of Mexico Mexican production facilities processing or assembling components into finished products for exportation Partly or entirely owned by non-Mexicans

27. Maquiladoras & the U.S. Tariff No. 9802.00.80 of Chapter 98 of Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the U.S. (HTSUS): Articles Exported and Returned, Advanced or Improved Abroad Permits only assembly operation abroad

28. Maquiladoras & the U.S. (1) Procedures of Maquiladora Operation U.S. parts, components, equipment and machinery are imported into Mexico duty-free Parts and components assembled into the products Pays U.S. import duty only on the value added in Mexico, when finished products are imported into the U.S.

29. Maquiladoras & the U.S. (2) Requirements by HTSUS Components ready for assembly without further fabrication Have not lost physical identity Have not advanced in value except assembly process (3) Items Excluded: Raw materials such as Chemicals, Food ingredients, Gases, Liquid & Powder

30. Maquiladoras & the U.S. (4) Documents for Finished Goods Importer must file with the U.S. Customs & Border Protection Commercial Invoice Declaration by the Assembler Endorsement by the Importer

31. Maquiladoras & the U.S. Benefits to Mexico Provides Mexico with employments Higher wages than domestic Mexican factories Provides Mexico with foreign exchange More than tourism 2 nd foreign exchange provider after oil

32. Maquiladoras & the U.S. Benefits to U.S. Businesses Mexico's large, low-cost, highly trained work force: 8 to 13% of the U.S. wage Relaxed environmental and worker-safety standards Quick access to the U.S. consumer market Lower inventory requirements, lower transportation costs and lower insurance costs than Asian factories

33. Maquiladoras & the U.S. Entry Options for Maquiladora Subcontracting With a maquiladora to manufacture products on a per-piece cost basis. Can quickly find out cost savings and production quality Shelter Program U. S. firm manages assembling activities Contracts out administrative tasks to a Mexican firm at a pre-determined rate per hour Ownership 100% owned by a U.S. person

34. Maquiladoras & the U.S. Most Promising Products In 2000, 4,000 plants employing 1,300,000 workers More of U.S. factories for time-sensitive products in Asia are expected to move to Mexico Besides U.S. and Canadian firms, Asian companies started production operation in maquiladora for U.S. market

35. Maquiladoras & the U.S. Most Promising Products Highly labor-intensive products Electronics, Apparel, Auto parts, Furniture, Toys, Sporting Goods Time-sensitive products Fashionable goods: Apparel, Toys Bulky products Transportation containers for domestic and international transportation

36. Maquiladoras & the U.S. Labor Management & Environment Labor turnover up to 25%: the biggest headache To reduce high labor turnover Locate in the interior far from the border Train supervisors Introduce good work ethics Provide incentive programs to prevent absenteeism

37. Maquiladoras & the U.S. Environmental Problems (Air, Water, & Hazardous waste) Factories toxic materials including solvents, heavy metals and dangerous chemicals Lack of sewage and water treatment plants More relaxed Mexican environmental laws Lack of enforcement by Mexican government Mexico must improve environment to shed the image of a polluter's haven