The document summarizes proposed reforms to the EU's Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) rules of origin. Key changes include making rules product-specific rather than relying solely on value-added, simplifying rules through the use of tariff classification changes or specific processing requirements, expanding regional cumulation to include Mercosur countries, and allowing statements of origin from registered exporters instead of certification by authorities. An analysis found that proposed rules of origin for key Brazilian exports like fisheries, hides and leather, textiles, machinery and motor vehicles generally increased flexibility through higher non-originating content thresholds or alternative rules.
The agreement will extensively liberalize trade in goods between the EU and Mercosur. It establishes rules of origin to facilitate trade and outlines customs and trade procedures to expedite the flow of goods. It includes provisions for addressing unfair trade practices and increases in imports. The agreement also enhances sanitary and phytosanitary cooperation while upholding food safety standards and establishes dialogues on issues like animal welfare and agricultural biotechnology.
Rules of origin determine the country of origin of products for international trade purposes. This presentation discusses rules of origin in Canada's trade agreements like NAFTA, CETA, and TPP. It defines key concepts like tariff shifts, regional value content calculations, and exceptions for sensitive sectors. The NAFTA introduced detailed rules while newer agreements use "build-up" and "focused value" methods and allow for limited non-originating content through quotas or derogations.
This document summarizes Christine Wieck's presentation on facilitating safe agricultural trade based on experiences from EU integration. The presentation outlines how agricultural trade has increased over time but safety regulations create transaction costs. It discusses strategies countries use to cooperate on food safety standards, from coordination and equivalence to harmonization. The EU provides an example of deep integration where food law has gradually harmonized over 28 countries to establish a single market and common food safety system while balancing trade and health.
EaP GREEN: Product-related environmental charges (taxes) in the Republic of M...OECD Environment
This presentation looks at product-related environmental charges (taxes) in the Republic of Moldova, including the legal and institutionl framework, a list of taxable environment-related products, and details of the environmental tax reform in Modova. Presentation delivered at the meeting on "Economic instruments for greener products in the EU Eastern Partnership countries" (EaP GREEN programme).
The document discusses illegal trade of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in the European Union and recommendations to strengthen enforcement of the EU F-Gas Regulation. It finds that over 16% of the EU's 2018 HFC quota was smuggled into the bloc, equivalent to 4 coal-fired power plants' worth of emissions. Common smuggling methods like mislabeling cylinders and using disposable cylinders are described. Weaknesses in customs enforcement like the lack of real-time quota data and exemptions for small shipments are also noted. The document recommends improving licensing, transparency, banning disposable cylinders, increasing penalties, and aligning the quota system with climate goals to curb illegal HFC trade and emissions.
This document discusses non-tariff measures (NTMs) such as sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) and technical barriers to trade (TBT) that are important in international trade agreements between EFTA countries and Colombia. It outlines the relevant international agreements for SPS and TBT through the WTO and how EFTA countries have similar standards and regulations as the EU. Specific examples of SPS and TBT measures for bananas are also discussed.
This document discusses standards related to facilitating trade in biomass. It provides an overview of standards development for gaseous and liquid biofuels, solid biofuels, biogas, and sustainability of biomass. Standards are developed at national, European, and international levels to create unambiguous communication, overcome trade barriers, and support policy goals for renewable energy. Many standards have been published or are currently being developed and revised to establish specifications and quality requirements for different types of biomass fuels and ensure sustainability.
The agreement will extensively liberalize trade in goods between the EU and Mercosur. It establishes rules of origin to facilitate trade and outlines customs and trade procedures to expedite the flow of goods. It includes provisions for addressing unfair trade practices and increases in imports. The agreement also enhances sanitary and phytosanitary cooperation while upholding food safety standards and establishes dialogues on issues like animal welfare and agricultural biotechnology.
Rules of origin determine the country of origin of products for international trade purposes. This presentation discusses rules of origin in Canada's trade agreements like NAFTA, CETA, and TPP. It defines key concepts like tariff shifts, regional value content calculations, and exceptions for sensitive sectors. The NAFTA introduced detailed rules while newer agreements use "build-up" and "focused value" methods and allow for limited non-originating content through quotas or derogations.
This document summarizes Christine Wieck's presentation on facilitating safe agricultural trade based on experiences from EU integration. The presentation outlines how agricultural trade has increased over time but safety regulations create transaction costs. It discusses strategies countries use to cooperate on food safety standards, from coordination and equivalence to harmonization. The EU provides an example of deep integration where food law has gradually harmonized over 28 countries to establish a single market and common food safety system while balancing trade and health.
EaP GREEN: Product-related environmental charges (taxes) in the Republic of M...OECD Environment
This presentation looks at product-related environmental charges (taxes) in the Republic of Moldova, including the legal and institutionl framework, a list of taxable environment-related products, and details of the environmental tax reform in Modova. Presentation delivered at the meeting on "Economic instruments for greener products in the EU Eastern Partnership countries" (EaP GREEN programme).
The document discusses illegal trade of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in the European Union and recommendations to strengthen enforcement of the EU F-Gas Regulation. It finds that over 16% of the EU's 2018 HFC quota was smuggled into the bloc, equivalent to 4 coal-fired power plants' worth of emissions. Common smuggling methods like mislabeling cylinders and using disposable cylinders are described. Weaknesses in customs enforcement like the lack of real-time quota data and exemptions for small shipments are also noted. The document recommends improving licensing, transparency, banning disposable cylinders, increasing penalties, and aligning the quota system with climate goals to curb illegal HFC trade and emissions.
This document discusses non-tariff measures (NTMs) such as sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) and technical barriers to trade (TBT) that are important in international trade agreements between EFTA countries and Colombia. It outlines the relevant international agreements for SPS and TBT through the WTO and how EFTA countries have similar standards and regulations as the EU. Specific examples of SPS and TBT measures for bananas are also discussed.
This document discusses standards related to facilitating trade in biomass. It provides an overview of standards development for gaseous and liquid biofuels, solid biofuels, biogas, and sustainability of biomass. Standards are developed at national, European, and international levels to create unambiguous communication, overcome trade barriers, and support policy goals for renewable energy. Many standards have been published or are currently being developed and revised to establish specifications and quality requirements for different types of biomass fuels and ensure sustainability.
20141105 Seminario Información al Consumidor - CDFIAB
The document discusses recent developments related to Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on food information to consumers, including:
1) New questions and answers on the application of the regulation and upcoming publications on nutrition and general labelling.
2) Adaptation of the definition of engineered nanomaterials to include a new threshold and exemptions.
3) Mandatory origin labelling for certain meats and reports on extending these requirements to other foods.
4) National measures on providing allergen information for non-prepacked foods and debates around harmonizing these rules.
The document provides key figures about the European starch industry in 2015. It states that there were 25 companies and 75 plants that generated a total annual turnover of €7.9 billion. These companies employed 14,365 people directly and an estimated 100,000 indirectly. Maize and wheat accounted for the largest portions of starch production and sales in the EU. The main applications of starch in 2015 were confectionery and drinks (31%), other foods (30%), and corrugating and paper (29%).
Seminar of Sustainable Agribusiness Forum (SAF Ukraine) for business leaders in the agricultural sector.
April 26, 2018
Details: https://saf.org.ua/en/
- Starch production in the EU totaled 22 million tonnes in 2013, with maize, wheat, and potatoes making up the majority. Maize accounted for 48.2% of raw materials used.
- The main applications for starch in 2013 were confectionery and drinks (32%), processed foods (29%), and corrugating and paper (29%).
- Of the total 9 million tonne starch market in the EU in 2013, modified starches made up 56% and native starches were 24%.
The document discusses the revision of the UN List of Industrial Products to better reflect today's economies and industries. Some key points:
- The original 1973 list was out of date and needed revision to add new products and align with updated classifications like CPC and HS.
- The draft new list has 601 products, with 190 carried over unchanged and 366 new products added. It aims to provide balanced industry coverage across CPC divisions.
- Products are defined and coded based on the CPC, mostly at the subclass level or below. The list seeks to maintain historical production time series where possible.
This document discusses India's Excise Duties Act of 1955 and related rules from 1976 regarding the production and regulation of medicinal and toiletry preparations containing alcohol. It covers topics like excise duties, manufacturing alcoholic preparations in bonded and non-bonded facilities, warehousing of products, transport and export procedures, offenses and penalties. The act aims to control the availability and affordability of alcohol while allowing its necessary use in medicines.
Hungarian approach to training, certification & leakage checkingUNEP OzonAction
The document discusses Hungary's certification and qualification system for personnel and companies working with ozone depleting substances and fluorinated gases, noting over 8000 certified personnel and 1700 certified companies. It also raises questions about the acceptability and regulation of using blended refrigerants containing HCFC-22 in existing refrigeration systems as a transitional solution to phasing out HCFCs.
BRAND OWNERS BEWARE: THE NEW EU TRADEMARK REFORM IS HERE!Thomas O. Dubuisson
Trademarks are often among the most important and valuable assets of a business. A distinctive trademark allows a business to create goodwill, acquire a reputation, and to guarantee that the goods or services bearing the same trademark have the same quality. A Community trademark (CTM) protects your exclusive rights in all the 28 Member States of the EU and has the benefit for its proprietor to obtain a Europe-wide injunction to prevent further or threatened infringement.
The document discusses rules of origin in foreign trade with the EU and CEFTA. It explains reasons for rules of origin such as international division of labor and trade preferences. It outlines principles for determining origin such as wholly obtained, sufficient processing, and change of tariff heading. It provides examples of origin rules for various products and criteria like minimum local content, production processes, and restrictions on non-originating materials. Businesses must understand these rules to benefit from customs preferences in international trade.
The DCFTA Provisions and their Implementation: Some Observations Bertelsmann Stiftung
The presentation reviews several key DCFTA provisions and their implementation from the point of view what other countries could learn from this experience. Veronika Movchan is a Ukraine expert, an academic director and Head of the Center for Economic Studies at IER in Kiev. Her main research interests are for example trade policy and regional integration.
Mary Veronica Tovsak Pleterski's power-point presentationtankesmedjanfores
The document summarizes key aspects of the future of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) in Phase 3 from 2013-2020 and beyond. It outlines that the ETS will have a predictable, linear cap on emissions that declines each year. It will also expand to cover more industrial sectors and greenhouse gases. Auctioning will be the default method to allocate allowances, and free allocation will phase out for most industrial sectors by 2027. A common auction platform and oversight measures will help ensure integrity and prevent market abuse. International credits will be restricted to increase incentives for more ambitious domestic emissions reductions. The long term vision is for the ETS and other carbon markets to incentivize more countries and sectors to adopt cap and trade
The document summarizes the key negotiated outcomes of the Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA). It outlines that CETA will eliminate tariffs on nearly all goods traded between Canada and the EU. For sensitive goods, tariff elimination will be phased in over longer time periods up to 7 years. It also establishes rules of origin and customs procedures to facilitate bilateral trade. Specific sectors like automobiles, fish and seafood, and agriculture include product-specific tariff rate quotas or rules of origin derogations during the transition to free trade.
Development of India's Carbon Credit Market.pptxmsounak95
Provides an overview of the development of Carbon Markets since Kyoto Protocol with a special focus on the compliance markets. It also explores the various global ETS instruments currently operational and its impact on the economy and corporates. It also examines the regulatory development of India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme and provides critical analysis of various provisions.
DigitalEurope Position Paper WEEE RecastJames Stevens
The document discusses DIGITALEUROPE's views on the European Commission's proposed revisions to the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive.
DIGITALEUROPE supports shifting the product scope and definitions to the RoHS Directive but believes Article 95 should also be used as a legal basis to ensure uniform scope across EU members. They also call for allowing producers to determine if a product is business-to-business based on intended end user, and for streamlined requirements for test shipments to avoid being classified as waste. Overall, DIGITALEUROPE aims to work with the Commission and Parliament to improve aspects around collection targets and responsibilities, scope definitions, and individual producer responsibility.
The document summarizes India's Foreign Trade Policy which is announced every five years by the Union Commerce Ministry. The key objectives of the 2009-2014 policy are to arrest the declining trend of exports, double India's exports of goods and services by 2014, and double India's share of global trade by 2020. The policy aims to promote exports through fiscal incentives, institutional reforms, simplified procedures, and new trade agreements. It focuses on sectors like textiles, gems and jewelry, leather, and tea through schemes like the Focus Product Scheme.
Auctioning of emission allowances under the EU ETSLeonardo ENERGY
The European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Europe in a cost-effective manner. It is based on the cap-and-trade approach where a carbon market is created on which emission allowances are auctioned. Although today auctioning does not cover the totality of the emission allowances in the EU, it represents the main allocation principle.
To create the carbon market and allow auctioning to happen, the European legislators have put in place a system classically involving an auction platform, a monitoring, reporting and verification system, as well as rules regarding transparency and market abuse.
This system results in a carbon price which is key to the current structure of the EU climate and energy policy and is a matter of interest for a series of stakeholders.
The course will look into the structure and functioning of auctioning under the EU ETS and bring some practical perspectives based on experience before reflecting on the expected evolution of the system.
Yvon Slingenberg, Head of Unit B1- Implementation of ETS, DG CLIMA, European ...European Journalism Centre
The EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is the largest multi-country greenhouse gas emissions trading system in the world. It aims to reduce emissions cost-effectively. The EU ETS covers around 50% of EU emissions and has led to a 13.7% reduction in emissions from 2005-2009. Revisions to the EU ETS starting in 2013 include a stricter cap, increased auctioning of allowances, and benchmarks to determine free allocation. The EU ETS is intended to work with other EU climate and energy policies and serve as a building block for a robust international carbon market through linking with other cap-and-trade systems. Addressing surplus emissions credits is needed to support carbon prices.
AREA UNEP ADDIS European certification of competence in Fgas and Alternativ...Centro Studi Galileo
Marco Buoni suggested that ”each of the 28 EU Member States, with the help of their contractor’s association – of which almost all are represented within AREA – should firmly propose the extension of the certification of refrigeration technicians in fluorinated refrigerants, including specific modules on the use of alternative refrigerants. AREA has already prepared a scheme to propose to all the member states to guide them to a quick implementation”
20141105 Seminario Información al Consumidor - CDFIAB
The document discusses recent developments related to Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on food information to consumers, including:
1) New questions and answers on the application of the regulation and upcoming publications on nutrition and general labelling.
2) Adaptation of the definition of engineered nanomaterials to include a new threshold and exemptions.
3) Mandatory origin labelling for certain meats and reports on extending these requirements to other foods.
4) National measures on providing allergen information for non-prepacked foods and debates around harmonizing these rules.
The document provides key figures about the European starch industry in 2015. It states that there were 25 companies and 75 plants that generated a total annual turnover of €7.9 billion. These companies employed 14,365 people directly and an estimated 100,000 indirectly. Maize and wheat accounted for the largest portions of starch production and sales in the EU. The main applications of starch in 2015 were confectionery and drinks (31%), other foods (30%), and corrugating and paper (29%).
Seminar of Sustainable Agribusiness Forum (SAF Ukraine) for business leaders in the agricultural sector.
April 26, 2018
Details: https://saf.org.ua/en/
- Starch production in the EU totaled 22 million tonnes in 2013, with maize, wheat, and potatoes making up the majority. Maize accounted for 48.2% of raw materials used.
- The main applications for starch in 2013 were confectionery and drinks (32%), processed foods (29%), and corrugating and paper (29%).
- Of the total 9 million tonne starch market in the EU in 2013, modified starches made up 56% and native starches were 24%.
The document discusses the revision of the UN List of Industrial Products to better reflect today's economies and industries. Some key points:
- The original 1973 list was out of date and needed revision to add new products and align with updated classifications like CPC and HS.
- The draft new list has 601 products, with 190 carried over unchanged and 366 new products added. It aims to provide balanced industry coverage across CPC divisions.
- Products are defined and coded based on the CPC, mostly at the subclass level or below. The list seeks to maintain historical production time series where possible.
This document discusses India's Excise Duties Act of 1955 and related rules from 1976 regarding the production and regulation of medicinal and toiletry preparations containing alcohol. It covers topics like excise duties, manufacturing alcoholic preparations in bonded and non-bonded facilities, warehousing of products, transport and export procedures, offenses and penalties. The act aims to control the availability and affordability of alcohol while allowing its necessary use in medicines.
Hungarian approach to training, certification & leakage checkingUNEP OzonAction
The document discusses Hungary's certification and qualification system for personnel and companies working with ozone depleting substances and fluorinated gases, noting over 8000 certified personnel and 1700 certified companies. It also raises questions about the acceptability and regulation of using blended refrigerants containing HCFC-22 in existing refrigeration systems as a transitional solution to phasing out HCFCs.
BRAND OWNERS BEWARE: THE NEW EU TRADEMARK REFORM IS HERE!Thomas O. Dubuisson
Trademarks are often among the most important and valuable assets of a business. A distinctive trademark allows a business to create goodwill, acquire a reputation, and to guarantee that the goods or services bearing the same trademark have the same quality. A Community trademark (CTM) protects your exclusive rights in all the 28 Member States of the EU and has the benefit for its proprietor to obtain a Europe-wide injunction to prevent further or threatened infringement.
The document discusses rules of origin in foreign trade with the EU and CEFTA. It explains reasons for rules of origin such as international division of labor and trade preferences. It outlines principles for determining origin such as wholly obtained, sufficient processing, and change of tariff heading. It provides examples of origin rules for various products and criteria like minimum local content, production processes, and restrictions on non-originating materials. Businesses must understand these rules to benefit from customs preferences in international trade.
The DCFTA Provisions and their Implementation: Some Observations Bertelsmann Stiftung
The presentation reviews several key DCFTA provisions and their implementation from the point of view what other countries could learn from this experience. Veronika Movchan is a Ukraine expert, an academic director and Head of the Center for Economic Studies at IER in Kiev. Her main research interests are for example trade policy and regional integration.
Mary Veronica Tovsak Pleterski's power-point presentationtankesmedjanfores
The document summarizes key aspects of the future of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) in Phase 3 from 2013-2020 and beyond. It outlines that the ETS will have a predictable, linear cap on emissions that declines each year. It will also expand to cover more industrial sectors and greenhouse gases. Auctioning will be the default method to allocate allowances, and free allocation will phase out for most industrial sectors by 2027. A common auction platform and oversight measures will help ensure integrity and prevent market abuse. International credits will be restricted to increase incentives for more ambitious domestic emissions reductions. The long term vision is for the ETS and other carbon markets to incentivize more countries and sectors to adopt cap and trade
The document summarizes the key negotiated outcomes of the Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA). It outlines that CETA will eliminate tariffs on nearly all goods traded between Canada and the EU. For sensitive goods, tariff elimination will be phased in over longer time periods up to 7 years. It also establishes rules of origin and customs procedures to facilitate bilateral trade. Specific sectors like automobiles, fish and seafood, and agriculture include product-specific tariff rate quotas or rules of origin derogations during the transition to free trade.
Development of India's Carbon Credit Market.pptxmsounak95
Provides an overview of the development of Carbon Markets since Kyoto Protocol with a special focus on the compliance markets. It also explores the various global ETS instruments currently operational and its impact on the economy and corporates. It also examines the regulatory development of India's Carbon Credit Trading Scheme and provides critical analysis of various provisions.
DigitalEurope Position Paper WEEE RecastJames Stevens
The document discusses DIGITALEUROPE's views on the European Commission's proposed revisions to the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive.
DIGITALEUROPE supports shifting the product scope and definitions to the RoHS Directive but believes Article 95 should also be used as a legal basis to ensure uniform scope across EU members. They also call for allowing producers to determine if a product is business-to-business based on intended end user, and for streamlined requirements for test shipments to avoid being classified as waste. Overall, DIGITALEUROPE aims to work with the Commission and Parliament to improve aspects around collection targets and responsibilities, scope definitions, and individual producer responsibility.
The document summarizes India's Foreign Trade Policy which is announced every five years by the Union Commerce Ministry. The key objectives of the 2009-2014 policy are to arrest the declining trend of exports, double India's exports of goods and services by 2014, and double India's share of global trade by 2020. The policy aims to promote exports through fiscal incentives, institutional reforms, simplified procedures, and new trade agreements. It focuses on sectors like textiles, gems and jewelry, leather, and tea through schemes like the Focus Product Scheme.
Auctioning of emission allowances under the EU ETSLeonardo ENERGY
The European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Europe in a cost-effective manner. It is based on the cap-and-trade approach where a carbon market is created on which emission allowances are auctioned. Although today auctioning does not cover the totality of the emission allowances in the EU, it represents the main allocation principle.
To create the carbon market and allow auctioning to happen, the European legislators have put in place a system classically involving an auction platform, a monitoring, reporting and verification system, as well as rules regarding transparency and market abuse.
This system results in a carbon price which is key to the current structure of the EU climate and energy policy and is a matter of interest for a series of stakeholders.
The course will look into the structure and functioning of auctioning under the EU ETS and bring some practical perspectives based on experience before reflecting on the expected evolution of the system.
Yvon Slingenberg, Head of Unit B1- Implementation of ETS, DG CLIMA, European ...European Journalism Centre
The EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is the largest multi-country greenhouse gas emissions trading system in the world. It aims to reduce emissions cost-effectively. The EU ETS covers around 50% of EU emissions and has led to a 13.7% reduction in emissions from 2005-2009. Revisions to the EU ETS starting in 2013 include a stricter cap, increased auctioning of allowances, and benchmarks to determine free allocation. The EU ETS is intended to work with other EU climate and energy policies and serve as a building block for a robust international carbon market through linking with other cap-and-trade systems. Addressing surplus emissions credits is needed to support carbon prices.
AREA UNEP ADDIS European certification of competence in Fgas and Alternativ...Centro Studi Galileo
Marco Buoni suggested that ”each of the 28 EU Member States, with the help of their contractor’s association – of which almost all are represented within AREA – should firmly propose the extension of the certification of refrigeration technicians in fluorinated refrigerants, including specific modules on the use of alternative refrigerants. AREA has already prepared a scheme to propose to all the member states to guide them to a quick implementation”
Impact of GSP plus status given by European union, on PakistanEjaz Dilshad
The document discusses the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), which provides exemptions from normal trade rules for developing countries. It has three variants: the standard GSP that removes tariffs on 2/3 of products; GSP+ that removes all tariffs for countries that uphold certain rights and standards; and Everything But Arms (EBA) that gives duty-free access to all exports from Least Developed Countries except arms. The EU granted Pakistan GSP+ status, which politicians say will increase exports by $2 billion annually and boost the economy, especially textiles which may earn over $1 trillion extra per year.
Introduction to the EU Emission Trading SystemLeonardo ENERGY
The EU ETS Directive is the centrepiece of the European Union’s climate policy. It has created the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), which is a unique and quite com-plex system.
The EU ETS establishes a scheme for greenhouse gas emissions allowances trading within 31 European countries. Its functioning is based on a “cap and trade” principle, which sets a cap on the total amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by all participating installations. Within the cap, companies receive or buy emission allowances which they can trade with one another as needed.
Today, the EU ETS covers almost half of EU’s emissions and is part of the daily life of a large number of companies.
The EU ETS Directive represents the backbone of EU’s action against climate change, but it also works in combination with several other pieces of legislation in a delicate balance.
Our European system has very much evolved during the last 15 years. The existing legislation operates until 2020. It has set a greenhouse gas emissions reduction target in line with EU’s 2050 low carbon economy roadmap. The time has also come to discuss the post-2020 period and the European Commission will soon put forward a new proposal with a 2030 emissions reduction target.
Being the first one to have been setup, the European scheme is analysed and taken as exam-ple in other regions of the world where emissions trading starts being implemented.
This course aims at giving a presentation of the EU ETS Directive, the main features of the sys-tem, the balance with other pieces of EU legislation and at offering perspectives for the on-coming review of the scheme.
The decree aims to modernize and simplify Colombia's free trade zone regime to make the country a more attractive investment destination. Key changes include reducing investment requirements by 15-31%, allowing up to 20% of investments to include intangible assets, and shortening the declaration process from 18 to 6 months. It also expands the scope of the regime to allow additional areas and economic activities for existing free trade zones. The changes aim to promote regional development by further reducing requirements for zones in poorer municipalities.
This document summarizes highlights of India's Foreign Trade Policy for 2009-2014. Key points include expanding incentive schemes to promote market and product diversification, increasing incentives under Focus Market and Focus Product schemes, adding new markets and products eligible for incentives, and initiatives to promote technological upgrades, green products, and exports from northeast India. It also outlines reforms for specific sectors like gems and jewelry, agriculture, leather, tea, pharmaceuticals, and initiatives for special economic zones.
An Introduction to WTO Rules on Market AccessSimon Lacey
This is one of a series of lectures given on University Pelita Harapan's Masters in International Trade, Competition and Investment Law and Policy (MTIC) Program. This lecture discusses the WTO rules on market access, focusing on tariffs, quantitative restrictions, tariff-rate quotas, and other non-tarriff measures such as technical barriers to trade and sanitary and phytosanitary measures
Similar to Novas regras do SGP Europeu: Emanuela Balestrieri (20)
De acordo com o documento:
1) A balança comercial brasileira registrou saldo positivo de US$ 38,5 bilhões de janeiro a outubro de 2016, influenciado pela queda de 22,7% nas importações.
2) De janeiro a outubro, o Brasil captou US$ 54,9 bilhões em investimentos estrangeiros diretos, valor similar ao mesmo período de 2015.
3) A Fiesp oferece serviços como emissão de Certificados de Origem online e o novo serviço de Ata Carnet, que permite
O informativo do DEREX de outubro de 2016 apresenta:
1) Análise do comércio exterior brasileiro e investimentos estrangeiros no país;
2) Detalhes sobre reuniões e eventos realizados com autoridades e representantes de outros países para discutir oportunidades de negócios;
3) Informações sobre serviços e eventos oferecidos pela Fiesp/DEREX para apoiar as empresas.
1) A Fiesp publicou um informativo sobre diversos assuntos relacionados a comércio exterior, como análises sobre balança comercial e investimentos do Brasil, serviços de certificação de origem, e reuniões e visitas realizadas pela Fiesp com autoridades e empresas estrangeiras.
2) A Fiesp irá oferecer o serviço de ATA Carnet a partir de outubro, que permite a exportação e importação temporária de bens livres de impostos de importação entre os 75 países signatários do regime.
3) A Fies
O documento apresenta dados sobre o nível de emprego no estado de São Paulo, com variações mensais e anuais. Em agosto de 2016, houve queda de 0,49% no emprego em relação ao mês anterior e de 7,91% na comparação anual. As maiores quedas ocorreram nos setores de produtos de borracha e plástico, produtos de metal e máquinas e equipamentos.
Brazilians are increasingly looking for convenient foods that save time in cooking while also being healthy options. Many consumers find that they have little time to cook at home due to busy lifestyles. There is demand for products that make cooking easier through streamlined preparation, ready-made meals, or meal kits. Snacking is also on the rise as traditional meal times decline. Many consumers are also trying to add more whole grains and proteins to their diets for health reasons like obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Technologies like apps have potential to help consumers make healthier choices and track their eating.
O documento resume o 1o Encontro Latino Americano de Nozes e Castanhas, apresentando a empresa Mãe Terra. A empresa é a primeira marca brasileira de produtos naturais e orgânicos, fundada em 1979, com mais de 120 produtos que incluem cereais, biscoitos, snacks e a linha da Bela Gil. A Mãe Terra tem foco em sustentabilidade, pequenos agricultores e preços acessíveis.
1) O documento discute as pesquisas e desenvolvimentos da Embrapa sobre castanha-do-brasil, cajueiro e noz macadamia.
2) A Embrapa tem conduzido pesquisas sobre o cultivo e melhoramento genético dessas culturas para torná-las mais produtivas e sustentáveis.
3) Resultados incluem o desenvolvimento de variedades precoces de cajueiro com maior produtividade e sistemas agroflorestais para produção de castanha-do-brasil.
El documento describe la nuez de Brasil, incluyendo su diámetro de 10 a 15 cm, peso de 900 a 1800 gramos, ciclo de maduración de 14 meses, y alto contenido nutricional. Explica que los principales países de exportación son Estados Unidos, Inglaterra, Alemania y Países Bajos, y que exportar la nuez de Brasil fraccionada en contenedores puede generar hasta 250% más de utilidad que exportarla en contenedores convencionales.
O documento apresenta dados sobre o nível de emprego no estado de São Paulo entre 2006-2016, com destaque para o mês de julho de 2016. Houve queda de 0,26% no emprego em julho na comparação com junho, totalizando uma redução de 6.000 postos de trabalho. Os setores de Açúcar e Álcool e de Indústrias Restantes foram responsáveis por -878 e -5.122 postos de trabalho, respectivamente.
O informativo da Fiesp de julho de 2016 resume: 1) análises sobre o comércio exterior e investimentos no Brasil no primeiro semestre de 2016; 2) detalhes sobre seminários e reuniões realizados pela Fiesp sobre comércio exterior; 3) visitas recebidas por representantes de outros países.
O documento apresenta os resultados do Indicador de Nível de Atividade (INA) da indústria brasileira para o mês de junho de 2016, com variações percentuais e níveis de utilização da capacidade instalada para diferentes setores. Os dados mostram uma pequena queda de 0,1% na atividade industrial total em junho na comparação sem ajuste sazonal com maio.
O relatório apresenta os resultados do Sensor de julho de 2016, que mede as expectativas de empresários sobre seis indicadores econômicos. O Sensor Geral subiu ligeiramente, enquanto os indicadores de Mercado, Vendas e Investimento caíram ou permaneceram estáveis. O indicador de Estoque aumentou, sugerindo estoques abaixo do desejável.
O documento apresenta os resultados da Pesquisa de Nível de Emprego do Estado de São Paulo para o mês de junho de 2016. Os principais pontos são: a variação mensal do emprego foi de -0,73%, com destaque para as perdas nos setores de confecção e couros; regionalmente, o interior teve maior queda (-0,88%) que a Grande São Paulo (-0,50%).
O informativo da Fiesp de junho de 2016 destaca:
1) O monitoramento das sobretaxas equatorianas às importações pelo Derex e a manutenção de diálogo com associados sobre o assunto.
2) A análise do comércio exterior brasileiro em maio, com aumento nas exportações e queda nas importações.
3) O aumento de investimentos estrangeiros diretos no Brasil no primeiro quintil, puxado por empréstimos entre empresas.
O relatório apresenta os resultados do Sensor de Junho/2016, que mede as expectativas de empresários sobre seis indicadores econômicos. Os indicadores tiveram leve aumento em relação a maio, com destaque para vendas e emprego. A série histórica mostra que os indicadores variaram positivamente nos últimos 24 meses.
O documento apresenta os resultados do Indicador de Nível de Atividade (INA) da indústria brasileira para o mês de maio de 2016, com dados revisados. O INA total teve variação de 0,1% em relação a março, enquanto o INA de Produtos Químicos cresceu 1,5% e o de Produtos Farmacêuticos caiu 0,9% no mesmo período. O documento também contém dados sobre horas trabalhadas, salários, vendas e nível de utilização da capacidade instalada para vários
O informativo da Derex de maio de 2016 apresenta: 1) análises sobre o comércio exterior e investimentos brasileiros; 2) novos serviços da Derex relacionados à certificação de origem e uso de dados aduaneiros; 3) eventos e visitas internacionais realizados pela Fiesp para promover negócios.
O relatório apresenta os resultados da Pesquisa de Nível de Emprego do Estado de São Paulo em maio de 2016. Houve queda de 0,33% no emprego em relação a abril, com redução de 7.500 vagas. O setor de Açúcar e Álcool apresentou aumento de 1.083 vagas, enquanto o restante da indústria teve queda de 8.583 vagas.
O documento apresenta os resultados do Indicador de Nível de Atividade (INA) da indústria brasileira para o mês de abril de 2016. Os dados mostram que o INA total da indústria caiu 1,1% em relação a fevereiro, enquanto o INA dos setores têxtil e automotivo tiveram fortes quedas. Já o setor de celulose, papel e produtos de papel teve alta de 2,5% no mês.
O relatório apresenta os resultados do Sensor de Maio/2016, que mede as expectativas de empresários sobre seis indicadores: Sensor Geral, Mercado, Vendas, Estoque, Emprego e Investimento. Em Maio, houve queda nos indicadores Sensor Geral, Mercado e Estoque na comparação com Abril. As séries históricas mostram variações nos indicadores ao longo dos últimos anos.
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1. Reform of EC GSP rules
of origin:
a Product- specific
analysis
Emanuela Balestrieri
Sao Paulo, 7 Junho 2010
09/06/2010 1
2. Overview: EU Preferential
Trading Arrangements
January 1 2009 – December 31,
2011: Generalised System of
Preferences (GSP) -- Brazil
GSP+ -- Paraguay
Everything But Arms (EBA) --
Duty-Free, Quota-Free access for
products of the 49 Least
Developed Countries (LDCs).
3. EU-Brazil Trade
The EU is Brazil's biggest trading partner,
accounting for 22.5% of its total trade (2008).
Brazil is the single biggest exporter of
agricultural products to the EU, accounting for
13% of total EU imports.
Manufactured products such as machinery and
transport equipment represent almost one third
of Brazilian exports to the EU.
EU runs a deficit in trade in goods with Brazil:
EU goods exports to Brazil 2007: €21.2
billion
EU goods imports from Brazil 2007: €32.3
billion
4. EU-Brazil Trade
Brazil is the 2nd largest user of GSP – €4.4 billion
in 2007
4th largest Beneficiary in terms of MFN duties
otherwise due
Estimated savings to Brazilian exporters of €142
million in 2007
[http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2009/march/tradoc_142658
.pdf]
5. However:
99% preferential tariff utilization rate for
products such as selected automobiles,
compressors and engines
70% motor vehicle parts and
65% footwear with rubber
a matter of origin compliance?
5
6. GRADUATION - Performance on the EU market
exceeds set threshold over 3 years: preferential tariff
suspended
Council Regulation (EC) No 732/2008 of
22 July 2008 applying a scheme of generalized
tariff preferences for 1 Jan 2009-31 Dec 2011
period, graduation is applied to Brazil for
- HS chapters 16 to 24: prepared foodstuff,
beverages, spirits and vinegar, tobacco and
manufactured tobacco substitutes
- HS chapters 44 to 46: wood and wood
articles, wood charcoal, cork and cork articles,
manufactures of straw, of esparto or of other
plating materials, baskets ware and wickerwork
6
7. EU-MERCOSUR Trade
The EU is Mercosur's largest trading partner,
representing 20.7% of total Mercosur trade
(2008)
Mercosur ranks 8th among EU trading partners,
accounting for 2.7% of total EU trade(2009)
The EU is Mercosur's largest market for its
agricultural exports, accounting for 19.8% of total
EU agricultural imports (2009)
EU runs a deficit in trade in goods with Mercosur:
EU goods exports to Mercosur €27.2 billion (2009)
EU goods imports from Mercosur €35.1 billion
(2009)
8. Why does it matter and
what is at stake?
Scope and conditions for regional cumulation
as envisaged by the reform of the GSP rules
of Origin: extended cumulation with creation
of a new regional cumulation group = group
IV comprising the 4 Mercosur MSs
and cumulation with Turkey
Current Mercosur rules of origin regime
indicates a move from across-the-board RoO
approach to product-specific approach
8
10. GSP: first concrete application of the
reform of rules of origin (RoO)
Simplification and development-friendliness:
leading principles of the reform
Single method for determining origin based on
value added in the beneficiary country abandoned
in favor of a sector-based approach = list rules
(value added, CTHs and specific processing
requirements)
Less dramatically streamlined RoO system than
the “net cost” across-the-board criterion, yet
simplified and including targeted relaxation for the
LDCs 10
11. Key issues of proposed RoO Regulation
General tolerance rule: relaxed. Amount of non-
originating materials permitted increased from
10% to 15% of ex-works price of final product.
Exception: agricultural and processed
agricultural products: 15% tolerance in weight
Cumulation: relaxed. Value added criterion
eliminated, only requirement “more than a
minimal operation must be performed in the
country where cumulation takes place on
materials originating in the other MCs of a
cumulation group”
11
12. The main changes at
horizontal level
The RoO are product specific instead of the single
method based on value added previously envisaged
(opposed by many stakeholders).
The proposed RoO are based on the 3 methods:
percentage criteria, change of tariff heading or a specific
processing requirement.
There are many simplifications, plus targeted relaxation, in
particular for the least developed countries.
Cumulation of origin: Regional cumulation of origin is
expanded to Mercosur and some conditions are relaxed.
Efficient procedures in establishing and controlling origin:
The current certification of origin by the authorities of the
beneficiary country is replaced by statements on origin to
12
be given directly by registered exporters. (*2013)
13. Changes in the
calculation of the
percentage requirement
Before: Maximum amount of non-originating material
value of non -originating material X 100 < 40%
Ex -works price
Proposed (July 2009) : the “build down method”
Value added /local value content =
Ex- works price - value of non-originating material X 100 > 50%
Ex -works price
Current proposal (June 2010) not official:
Back to the old system ! percentage of 40% at times increased tp 50%,
even 70% (see chapter 84, Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and
mechanical appliances ) 13
14. Current EU-GSP Rules of Origin:
Non-Originating Materials
GENERAL RULE: To qualify for GSP entry any non-originating
materials in the product must have been sufficiently processed
in the beneficiary exporting country so that the final product
meets at least ONE of the following tests:
Product has undergone operations beyond mere preservation,
washing, assembly, and other processes considered insufficient to
give the product Brazilian origin
Original product undergoes a change in tariff heading or sub-
heading prior to exportation
Specified percentage in value has been added to the product so
that the value of any non-originating material used does not
exceed a given percentage of the ex-works price of a product
15. Please note
Comparative analysis of “old” and “new”
systems carried out at chapter level
Further analysis required at the level of
headings as alternative approach to the
chapter rule may be pointed out – e.g.:
Chapter 84 and 8401
15
16. Changed rules of origin for
Fisheries - Chapter 3
Relaxation of the crew and officers requirement for the vessels
definitions in the wholly obtained category
Requirements are now limited to:
Registration of the Vessel in Brazil,
Sail under the Brazilian flag,
0wned by Brazilian nationals or Companies, Cumulation
applicable
Introduction of the 15% value tolerance rule for specific
headings of Chapter 3
The 15% value tolerance is also applicable to HS Chapter 16,
Preserved and prepared fish
16
17. Confront current EU-GSP Rules
of Origin for Fishery Products
Product caught within territorial waters, i.e. within
12-mile zone of shores, are wholly obtained;
Product caught on the “high seas” or produced in
factory ships are wholly obtained if:
Vessel registered and flagged to Brazil/EC
member
Captain and officers are all nationals of
country/EC
At least 75% of crew are Brazilian nationals;
AND
Can establish ownership of vessel according to
specified criteria.
18. The changes in raw hides and
leather (HS41 and 42)
Chapter rule 41 introduced flexibility as CTH or 30 % of
local content (leather)
Introduced flexibilities for headings 4101 to 4103, Raw
hides and skins of bovine(including buffalo) or equine
animals : Manufacture from any heading
Liberal: it means that all manufacturing operations carried
out within the heading are origin conferring excluding
insufficient working or processing operations – for ex.
salting.
Tanned or crust hides and skins: CTH or re-tanning =
unchanged rule
Chapter 42 Leather products - Introduction of alternative
rule to CTH : the local value content is at least 30% of the
18
ex-works price of the product= 70% of non-originating.
19. Changes in selected textiles and
clothing - Chapter 61 and 62 (1)
Old rules: stringent
Chapter 61 knitted/crocheted garments product
grouping:
Assembled: manufacture from yarn
Other: manufacture from natural fibres
New rules
Assembled: knitting and making-up(including
cutting)
Other : spinning of fibers and knitting or dyeing of
yarn of natural fibers and knitting = flexibility 19
20. Changes in selected
textiles and clothing (2)
Old rules
Chapter 62 - Not knitted/crocheted garments:
Manufacture from yarn
New rules
Weaving accompanied by making-up and cutting
Or making- up preceeded by printing and
accompained by at least 2 preparatory or finishing
operations provided that the unprinted fabric does
not exceed 47,5 % of the ex-works price of the
product 20
21. No Changes in Footwear
Chapter 64
Manufacture from materials of any
heading, except from assemblies of
uppers affixed to inner soles or to other
sole components of heading 6406
Parts of footwear of heading 6406:
CTH
Still very liberal/flexible
21
22. Changes in selected
machineries HS 84
Old chapter rule HS 84
CTH and not more than 40 % of non- originating
materials of the ex-works price or not more than
30 % of non- originating materials
New chapter rule HS 84 (July 2009)
CTH or manufacture in which the local value is at
least 30 % of the ex-works price
More flexibility as CTH alone is origin conferring and
up to 70% of non-originating materials can be used
with respect to the old rules
Engines HS 8407, 8408: local value content of 50%
22
23. Changes in selected
Electric machineries
HS85
Old chapter rule HS 85
CTH and not more than 40 % of non –originating
materials of the ex-works price or not more than 30%
of non-originating materials.
New rule (July 2009 )
CTH or Manufacture in which the local value content
is at least 30 % of the ex-works price(70% of non
originating materials)
Conclusion: more flexibility since requirements are
not cumulative. Increased threshold for use of non-
originating materials.
23
24. Changes in selected
machineries (motor
vehicles HS87)
Old chapter rules HS 87
Not more than 40 % of non-originating
materials of the ex-works price
New chapter rule HS 87(July 2009 )
Manufacture in which the local value content is
at least 50 % of the ex-works price
Conclusion: more flexibility since 10 % more
allowance of non-originating materials
24
25. Preliminary conclusions
In terms of the product specific
rules of origin of the main exports
of Brazil to the EC it appears that,
at first glance:
1)The proposed RoO are more
liberal
2)More in depth analysis may be
needed to identify changes for
selected tariff headings of export
interest to Brazil 25