This document is a glossary containing definitions of terms related to trade agreements and commercial integration in Spanish. It includes over 50 terms defined ranging from "Acuerdos Comerciales" (trade agreements) to "Zona de Libre Comercio" (free trade area). The definitions provided are concise explanations of the key concepts in Spanish.

1. GLOSARIO
ACUERDOS
COMERCIALES
San Mateo Educación Superior
Facultad De Ciencias Administrativas y Afines
Bogotá D.C
2016

2. A
 Acuerdos Prefrenciales - Preferential agreements: Is the act of two
or more nations where grant each other favorable conditions in
trade and customs matters in favor of free trade.
 Ad Valorem – Ad Valorem: Tariffs charged depending on the
percentage of the goods
 Apertura Económica - Economic Openness: Process through which
the economy adjusts to the new market realities and social
relations, as well as global trade and technological change.
 Aranceles – Tariffs: It is a tax that is charged directly to the
products which are the subject of import

3. B
 Balanza Comercial - Trade Balance : The trade balance is the
registration of imports and exports of any country for a period and
is one of the components of the balance of payments
 Barreras No Arancelarias - Non-tariff Barriers: Laws and
regulations that restrict trade in certain goods.
 Bilateralismo – Bilateralism : It is the exchange of goods and
services between two countries through negotiations or
governmental agreements.

4. C
 Comercio – Trade : It is called trade consistent socio-economic
activity in the exchange of some materials that are free in the
market for buying and selling goods and services, whether for use,
for sale or processing
 Comercio Interno – Internal Trade : commercial activities within a
particular region where marketing a series of products or services
develops.
 Comercio Interregional – Interregional Trade : Commercial
activities conducted between two or more regions that produce
goods and services of mutual interest.
 Contingentes - Contingent : They are quantitative barriers that
limit the amount of product that sets the government granting
import licenses narrowly.

5.  Convenio de Kyoto - Kyoto Convention : It is an international agreement
taken in 1997 in the field of United Nations seeks to curb climate change.
 Cooperación Bilateral - Bilateral Cooperation: It is one in which two
countries or institutions of two countries, these relationships are made
from government to government, through embassies or agencies involved,
which act as instances of cooperation.
 Cooperación Financiera - Financial Cooperation: It is offered by some
sources, through the allocation of financial resources in order to support
development projects. It is divided into refundable and non-refundable.
 Cooperacion Internacional – International Cooperation: It is the joint
action to support economic and social development of a country, through
transfer of technology, knowledge, experience or resources from countries
with equal or greater level of development.

6.  Cooperación Triangular - Triangular Cooperation: It is a mixed type of
International Cooperation, which combines traditional or vertical cooperation
with South-South cooperation, to provide cooperation to a third country
developing
 Costos – Costs: It is the monetary value of the consumption of factors that
involve the exercise of an economic activity for the production of a good, service or
activity.
 Criterios de Origen- Criteria Of Origin: The origin criteria can be defined in
two ways. On the one hand, it can be found that the product is extracted, born,
harvested or wholly obtained without the participation of imported items or of
unknown origin. Another case that can occur is that the product is manufactured
with raw materials, parts or components imported, plus domestic inputs. When
this occurs, so that the product qualifies as originating must have undergone a
major transformation to convert it into a finished product completely different
purposes and uses of raw materials, parts and other materials imported.

7. D
 Desgravaciones – Allowances: They are reductions in taxes are
made directly or gradually.
 Dotacion de Factores - Factor Endowments: It is the set of
strengths that a country has in relation to capital, labor and
natural resources.


8. E
 Estudio de Mercado – Market: It consists of a business
initiative in order to get an idea about the commercial viability of
an economic activity.

9. F
 Factores – Factors: Are the resources that contribute to the
creation of a product. Some free goods production also contribute to
land and labor are the capital.

10. G
 Globalizacion- Globalization : Globalization is a term that is
closely related to the word integration (integration of countries,
regions, markets, economies, customs, etc.), and is a process that
has been occurring worldwide, in which many aspects of human life
in some places it has been linking and interconnecting with others
and in general, with the whole world.
 Gravamen – Lien: It is a tax that the government fixed income
products within the National Customs Territory.

11. I
 Integracion Economica – Economic Integration: Economic
integration involves economic agreements between countries in
order to generate more free traffic of capital flows, labor, goods and
/ or services between those countries.
 Integración Social - Social Integration: Social integration is a
social process of inclusion of marginalized groups in society. Social
integration is based on social equality and its top human
development.
 Inversion – Investment : It is an economic term with several
meanings related to savings, capital location, and the
postponement of consumption.

12. L
 Liberacion Comercial - Trade Liberalization: It refers to the
process of reduction or elimination of restrictions on international
trade.
 Libre Comercio – Free Trade : Free trade involves the removal
of artificial barriers to trade between individuals and companies
from different countries.
 Licencia de Importacion - Import License: It is an
authorization of preconditions to import certain goods in order to
limit and restrict the quantity of imports.


13. M
 Mercado Común - Common Market: A common market is a
type of trade bloc consisting of a combination of customs union and
free trade zone.
 Mercantilismo – Mercantilism: It is the set of economic policies
that had as its foundation the market and mentioned that the real
wealth of nations was in the amount of gold or silver that could
accumulate in their trade with the rest of the world.
 Monopolio Estatal - State Monopoly: Those organizations and
public companies in which the government has absolute
participation in the determination of prices of goods and services as
well as an absolute market dominance.

14. N
 Networking – Networking :Attend activities and events in
order to increase their professional network and seek business
opportunities.
 Normas de Origen - Rules of Origin: The rules of origin are
those agreed by the countries that sign trade agreements and
treaties or that are defined unilaterally by countries in order to
promote the trade of developing countries.

15. P
 Preferencias Arancelarias - Tariff Preferences: Total or
partial deductions that a country applies to its national tariff,
exclusively for one or more other countries that are partners in a
particular type of agreement.
 Pruebas Documentales - Documentary Evidence: The
documentary evidence refers to a document where standards or
criteria that must be met for a product to benefit from the
preferential benefits of a particular agreement is mainly directed.

16. R
 Recursos – Resources: A resource is a source or supply which
produces a profit.
 Registro de Importations - Import Registration: They are an
administrative procedure by which an application for introduction
into the customs territory of a commodity to be imported is
presented.

17. S
 Subvenciones- Grants: It is a state financial support provided to
producers or traders.

18. T
 Tratado - Treaty : Closing or completion of a negotiation or
dispute, having discussed and reached an agreement.
 Tratado de libre comercio TLC - Free Trade Agreement
(FTA): It is a binding trade agreement signed two or more
countries to agree on mutual granting of tariff preferences and
reducing non-tariff trade barriers in goods and services.

19. U
 Union Aduanera – Customs Union :A customs union is a free
trade area that also establishes a common external tariff; ie that
member states establish a common trade policy towards states that
are not members.
 Union Economica – Economic Union: It is a higher form of
integration which represents the common market. Add to this a
greater degree of harmonization of national economic policies in an
attempt to eliminate discrimination that can result from
disparities in these policies.

20. V
 Ventaja Absoluta - Absolute Advantage: The absolute
advantage is the ability you have to produce a good using less
input to another producer, ie the absolute advantage is present
when something or someone is the best developing this activity at a
lower cost.
 Ventaja Comparativa – Comparative Advantage: It is when a
country specializes in the production of a commodity with a
relatively lower cost compared to the rest of the world in which
they are comparatively more efficient.
 Vistos Buenos – Clearances: Permits required for the
importation of certain goods

21. Z
 Zona de Libre Comercio - Free Trade Area: It is an area of a
country where some of the trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas
are eliminated and bureaucratic procedures are reduced with the
aim of attracting new business and foreign investment.