Keynote Address delivered at the 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GENDER: STRENGTHENING POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN A CHANGING WORLD
On
SEPTEMBER 5TH 2016.
By
Mrs Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi
At The , University Of Benin
This document discusses abuse against women and efforts to address it. It notes that abuse takes many forms, from physical violence to social and cultural attitudes that diminish women. While organizations in Australia work to stop violence, the government provides little funding. A survey found high rates of abuse among women. The Catholic Church now condemns abuse but still limits women's roles. Schools have policies against bullying and violence. Overall, more needs to be done to support victims, challenge harmful attitudes, and promote women's equality and safety.
Violence against women has occurred throughout history and in all societies. In India, women have faced both domestic and public violence physically, emotionally, and mentally, despite India giving rise to leaders of non-violence. Violence against women is linked to their status in society, which has declined over time as women lost rights and faced increasing control, objectification, and punishment. Today, violence against women in India has reached alarming proportions and occurs in over 30 forms from female feticide to bride burnings. Addressing the root causes and attitudes that enable this violence will require coordinated efforts from women's groups, lawmakers, and society as a whole.
Gender Based Violation & Discrimination
in South Asia
Dr. Vibhuti Patel, Director, PGSR
Professor & Head, Department of Economics,
SNDT Women’s University, Churchgate, Mumbai-400020.
E-mail- vibhuti.np@gmail.com Phone-91-022-26770227, mobile-9321040048
Introduction
Violence against women (VAW) has become a central issue in the discourse of the international women’s movement in the 21st century. Women’s networks in the South Asia have taken up wide range of issues concerning violence against women (VAW) in their personal lives as well as against the systems perpetuating it. “Personal is political”, a slogan popularised by two decades of women’s movement in the last century signifies consistent campaigns against all forms of violence in women’s intimate/personal and public/societal lives. Social construction of masculinity in the region is defined by cultural nationalism, jingoism and militarisation of the economy as well as ethnic/caste/religious chauvinism in the context of worsening economic crisis due to liberalisation, privatisation, globalisation(LPG). Escalating fundamentalist backlash in the South Asian countries takes the most barbaric form in terms of wide range of violence against women at different stages of their lives, from womb to tomb. Moreover, as a result of modernisation and commercialisation of subsistence economies, family-ties have become less supportive. Increasing intra-state, inter-state and cross country migration as well as trafficking of women and girls has a sole purpose of SEXPLOITATION-ferocious and complete control over their sexuality, fertility and labour. Cut throat competition among the nation states have increased work-burden drastically due to shift from just-in-case approach to just-in-time approach to meet the targets of production at the cheapest possible cost.
During the eighties, women’s rights organisations mushroomed in the South Asia in response to varied manifestations of VAWG by the state apparatus and in the civil society in the form of anti-women family laws and customary laws, communal carnage, sexual harassment at workplace and assaults on individual women in the family and in the society. They organised rallies and demonstrations, sit-ins and conventions, seminars and conferences, which culminated into politics of protest movements and petitioning. In the 1990s, the women’s groups consolidated their base by finding their allies in the state apparatus and created their institutional base and shelter homes of women and children victims of violence. Now, it is accepted by all progressive forces that “Women’s rights are human rights”.
This document discusses violence against women in Pakistan. It begins by defining violence and gender-based violence against women according to the WHO and UN. It then explores common forms of violence against women in Pakistan such as domestic violence, sexual violence, honor killings, and acid attacks. For each type of violence, the document provides statistics, examples, and consequences. It also discusses challenges faced by nurses in addressing violence and their role in supporting victims and changing perceptions. The document concludes by recommending actions needed to improve women's status and reduce violence in Pakistan.
This document defines and discusses various forms of violence against women, including physical, emotional, sexual, and societal oppression. It notes that violence against women is a means for exerting power and control. At-risk groups include women of color, immigrants, LGBT women, poor women, and women with disabilities. Forms of violence covered include domestic violence, sexual assault, rape, stalking, sexual harassment, and child sexual abuse. Resources for support and reporting are provided.
Estimated to have the potential to cost Australian business $609 million a year by 2021,
domestic and family violence is a national pandemic that every person, family and company
needs to acknowledge, and take steps to address.
This document provides an overview of domestic violence and intimate partner abuse. It begins with introductions from the director of the Department of Social Work at the Greek Orthodox Ladies Philoptochos Society and a priest. It then defines domestic violence, lists various forms of abuse, and discusses why victims may stay in abusive relationships. The presentation aims to help the Orthodox Christian community identify and respond to domestic violence in a supportive manner.
This document discusses abuse against women and efforts to address it. It notes that abuse takes many forms, from physical violence to social and cultural attitudes that diminish women. While organizations in Australia work to stop violence, the government provides little funding. A survey found high rates of abuse among women. The Catholic Church now condemns abuse but still limits women's roles. Schools have policies against bullying and violence. Overall, more needs to be done to support victims, challenge harmful attitudes, and promote women's equality and safety.
Violence against women has occurred throughout history and in all societies. In India, women have faced both domestic and public violence physically, emotionally, and mentally, despite India giving rise to leaders of non-violence. Violence against women is linked to their status in society, which has declined over time as women lost rights and faced increasing control, objectification, and punishment. Today, violence against women in India has reached alarming proportions and occurs in over 30 forms from female feticide to bride burnings. Addressing the root causes and attitudes that enable this violence will require coordinated efforts from women's groups, lawmakers, and society as a whole.
Gender Based Violation & Discrimination
in South Asia
Dr. Vibhuti Patel, Director, PGSR
Professor & Head, Department of Economics,
SNDT Women’s University, Churchgate, Mumbai-400020.
E-mail- vibhuti.np@gmail.com Phone-91-022-26770227, mobile-9321040048
Introduction
Violence against women (VAW) has become a central issue in the discourse of the international women’s movement in the 21st century. Women’s networks in the South Asia have taken up wide range of issues concerning violence against women (VAW) in their personal lives as well as against the systems perpetuating it. “Personal is political”, a slogan popularised by two decades of women’s movement in the last century signifies consistent campaigns against all forms of violence in women’s intimate/personal and public/societal lives. Social construction of masculinity in the region is defined by cultural nationalism, jingoism and militarisation of the economy as well as ethnic/caste/religious chauvinism in the context of worsening economic crisis due to liberalisation, privatisation, globalisation(LPG). Escalating fundamentalist backlash in the South Asian countries takes the most barbaric form in terms of wide range of violence against women at different stages of their lives, from womb to tomb. Moreover, as a result of modernisation and commercialisation of subsistence economies, family-ties have become less supportive. Increasing intra-state, inter-state and cross country migration as well as trafficking of women and girls has a sole purpose of SEXPLOITATION-ferocious and complete control over their sexuality, fertility and labour. Cut throat competition among the nation states have increased work-burden drastically due to shift from just-in-case approach to just-in-time approach to meet the targets of production at the cheapest possible cost.
During the eighties, women’s rights organisations mushroomed in the South Asia in response to varied manifestations of VAWG by the state apparatus and in the civil society in the form of anti-women family laws and customary laws, communal carnage, sexual harassment at workplace and assaults on individual women in the family and in the society. They organised rallies and demonstrations, sit-ins and conventions, seminars and conferences, which culminated into politics of protest movements and petitioning. In the 1990s, the women’s groups consolidated their base by finding their allies in the state apparatus and created their institutional base and shelter homes of women and children victims of violence. Now, it is accepted by all progressive forces that “Women’s rights are human rights”.
This document discusses violence against women in Pakistan. It begins by defining violence and gender-based violence against women according to the WHO and UN. It then explores common forms of violence against women in Pakistan such as domestic violence, sexual violence, honor killings, and acid attacks. For each type of violence, the document provides statistics, examples, and consequences. It also discusses challenges faced by nurses in addressing violence and their role in supporting victims and changing perceptions. The document concludes by recommending actions needed to improve women's status and reduce violence in Pakistan.
This document defines and discusses various forms of violence against women, including physical, emotional, sexual, and societal oppression. It notes that violence against women is a means for exerting power and control. At-risk groups include women of color, immigrants, LGBT women, poor women, and women with disabilities. Forms of violence covered include domestic violence, sexual assault, rape, stalking, sexual harassment, and child sexual abuse. Resources for support and reporting are provided.
Estimated to have the potential to cost Australian business $609 million a year by 2021,
domestic and family violence is a national pandemic that every person, family and company
needs to acknowledge, and take steps to address.
This document provides an overview of domestic violence and intimate partner abuse. It begins with introductions from the director of the Department of Social Work at the Greek Orthodox Ladies Philoptochos Society and a priest. It then defines domestic violence, lists various forms of abuse, and discusses why victims may stay in abusive relationships. The presentation aims to help the Orthodox Christian community identify and respond to domestic violence in a supportive manner.
This document discusses violence against women, defining it as gender-based acts that harm women physically, sexually, or psychologically. Violence against women is a global human rights violation. The types of violence practiced in Nepal include domestic violence, rape, trafficking, and dowry-related abuse. Statistics from INSEC show over 3,000 cases of violence against women in Nepal annually, with the highest rates in the central and far western regions. While Nepal has laws against such violence, enforcement remains a challenge. Community awareness, education, employment, and strict legal consequences are needed to curb this issue. National organizations in Nepal work to create awareness and support survivors of violence.
Domestic Violence Against Women And Girls In Powerpoint (Created By Mann Bdr...Mann Pariyar
This is the first power point slides I made, the contents in this slides are taken from various books N I do hope that it will bring a positive effect in the society.
Any comments you have can be sent at rainfall12@hotmail.com or mann061@yahoo.com.
With best regards,
mANN
The document discusses violence against women in Pakistan. It begins with defining violence and violence against women. It then outlines the various forms of violence against women including physical, sexual, psychological violence and harmful traditional practices. The document provides statistics on violence against women in Pakistan from 2011-2015 showing an increase over those years. It discusses the situation province-wise and lists the key crimes against women. The document identifies gender inequality and discrimination as the root causes of violence against women and outlines some of the serious health, social and psychological effects violence has on women and children.
The document discusses various forms of violence against women that occur in India, including rising crimes against women, child marriage, acid attacks, domestic violence, dowry deaths, rape, female foeticide, honour killings, witchcraft murders, and female infanticide. It notes that the number of crimes against women reported in Mumbai more than doubled from 2012 to 2013. It also discusses that violence can be reduced through sustained efforts to change social norms and address gender inequalities.
This document discusses violence against women in Pakistan. It begins by defining violence and gender-based violence against women according to the WHO and UN. It then explores common forms of violence against women in Pakistan such as domestic violence, sexual violence, honor killings, and acid attacks. For each type of violence, the document provides background information, statistics, and case examples. It also discusses the challenges faced by nurses in dealing with cases of violence against women and their role in supporting victims and preventing violence.
This document discusses various forms of violence against women including sexual violence, intimate partner violence, rape, domestic violence, stalking, sexual abuse of children, and sexual harassment. It notes that the majority of violence against both men and women is committed by men and is about power and control. It outlines risk factors, common reactions, recovery processes, and actions that can be taken to address these issues including building support networks, safety planning, and changing cultural attitudes around gender roles and male dominance.
When girls and women are violated on the streets, in buses and in isolated mills, we feel naturally outraged. Yet, when they get abused, raped and victimized in the safety of their own homes, we remain unnaturally silent. Domestic Violence accounts for 50% of all reported crimes against women in India. One in every three women is sexually, psychologically and physically violated by her male partner. Many of these women are young brides, less than 18 years old who suffer in silence grappling with what society believes should be a private and guarded matter. Dasra's upcoming report, "No Private Matter" aims to bring the issue of Domestic violence out in the open to help women get their right to a happy and healthy life
Domestic violence is defined as any act of violence that results in physical, sexual, or psychological harm to women. It includes behaviors like physical assault, psychological abuse, forced intercourse, and controlling behaviors meant to isolate women. Domestic violence occurs worldwide and has serious short- and long-term effects on women's physical and mental health. It is also the leading cause of injury and death among women globally. Children who witness domestic violence also suffer negative impacts on their development and health.
International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women UNDP Eurasia
Violence against women persists as one of the most widespread human rights abuses globally, according to the UN Secretary-General. It threatens all women and is an obstacle to development, peace, and gender equality. While many nations have laws against domestic violence, trafficking, and sexual harassment, implementation and enforcement remains inadequate. Continued efforts are needed to educate communities, strengthen legal frameworks, train frontline workers, and foster partnerships to eliminate violence against women.
Domestic violence against women (1).ppt fourth semestersultanas25
The document discusses domestic violence against women in Toronto. It provides definitions of domestic violence from the UN and notes it can include physical, sexual, emotional or psychological harm. Gender inequality is cited as a core factor. The YWCA in Toronto supports women and children experiencing domestic violence through emergency shelter, housing, counseling and advocacy. The authors interviewed a YWCA social worker and volunteered at the women's shelter to learn about their services and support for domestic violence victims.
Gender based violence is a widespread problem, with as many as 1 in 3 women experiencing abuse globally. Most violence is perpetrated by someone the victim knows, such as a husband or family member. Men also experience abuse, but statistics are inaccurate as many cases go unreported due to shame. Domestic violence is underreported to police as many view it as a private family matter. When alcohol is involved, the risk of intimate partner violence increases substantially, with over half of abused women reporting their partner had been drinking. The researcher conducted an anonymous survey of participants to gather data on experiences of abuse and violence to support the hypothesis that men are more likely to perpetrate violence while women are more likely to be victims.
To create awareness among people, especially youngsters so that they could stand against violence on any girl or woman. And prevent violence and any vicious act that might degrade Womens' equality with men in society.
WARNING: This presentation contains graphic photos of extreme violence and explicit images. Due to it’s adult nature we ask that anyone under the age of 18 please stop viewing immediately. @empoweredpres
This document discusses various forms of violence against women that are prevalent in Tamil Nadu, India. It begins by defining different types of violence including self-directed, interpersonal, collective, and gender-based violence. It then examines specific issues like domestic violence, rape, dowry murders, female genital mutilation, child marriage, and HIV/AIDS in the region. The document includes case studies to illustrate these issues and their harmful effects on women. Survey results show high rates of domestic violence and limited support services available to victims. Ending such violence and harmful practices requires addressing their socio-cultural roots and empowering women.
Classic Bag Co. is a packaging supplier located in Dorset, UK that has been operating since 1996. They work with a global network of partners to design, produce, and distribute innovative and high-quality packaging solutions. Their services include design, product development, printing, quality control, logistics, stock management, and account management. Some of their clients include online retailers, department stores, fashion brands, luxury brands, and hotels.
This document appears to be an edited collection of essays celebrating the 10th anniversary of the Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa. It includes quotes from government officials supporting women's rights. The collection features essays on topics such as women's inheritance rights in Botswana, the use of SMS to spread awareness of domestic violence laws in Nigeria, and messages of solidarity from women's rights organizations in Africa.
This document discusses violence against women, defining it as gender-based acts that harm women physically, sexually, or psychologically. Violence against women is a global human rights violation. The types of violence practiced in Nepal include domestic violence, rape, trafficking, and dowry-related abuse. Statistics from INSEC show over 3,000 cases of violence against women in Nepal annually, with the highest rates in the central and far western regions. While Nepal has laws against such violence, enforcement remains a challenge. Community awareness, education, employment, and strict legal consequences are needed to curb this issue. National organizations in Nepal work to create awareness and support survivors of violence.
Domestic Violence Against Women And Girls In Powerpoint (Created By Mann Bdr...Mann Pariyar
This is the first power point slides I made, the contents in this slides are taken from various books N I do hope that it will bring a positive effect in the society.
Any comments you have can be sent at rainfall12@hotmail.com or mann061@yahoo.com.
With best regards,
mANN
The document discusses violence against women in Pakistan. It begins with defining violence and violence against women. It then outlines the various forms of violence against women including physical, sexual, psychological violence and harmful traditional practices. The document provides statistics on violence against women in Pakistan from 2011-2015 showing an increase over those years. It discusses the situation province-wise and lists the key crimes against women. The document identifies gender inequality and discrimination as the root causes of violence against women and outlines some of the serious health, social and psychological effects violence has on women and children.
The document discusses various forms of violence against women that occur in India, including rising crimes against women, child marriage, acid attacks, domestic violence, dowry deaths, rape, female foeticide, honour killings, witchcraft murders, and female infanticide. It notes that the number of crimes against women reported in Mumbai more than doubled from 2012 to 2013. It also discusses that violence can be reduced through sustained efforts to change social norms and address gender inequalities.
This document discusses violence against women in Pakistan. It begins by defining violence and gender-based violence against women according to the WHO and UN. It then explores common forms of violence against women in Pakistan such as domestic violence, sexual violence, honor killings, and acid attacks. For each type of violence, the document provides background information, statistics, and case examples. It also discusses the challenges faced by nurses in dealing with cases of violence against women and their role in supporting victims and preventing violence.
This document discusses various forms of violence against women including sexual violence, intimate partner violence, rape, domestic violence, stalking, sexual abuse of children, and sexual harassment. It notes that the majority of violence against both men and women is committed by men and is about power and control. It outlines risk factors, common reactions, recovery processes, and actions that can be taken to address these issues including building support networks, safety planning, and changing cultural attitudes around gender roles and male dominance.
When girls and women are violated on the streets, in buses and in isolated mills, we feel naturally outraged. Yet, when they get abused, raped and victimized in the safety of their own homes, we remain unnaturally silent. Domestic Violence accounts for 50% of all reported crimes against women in India. One in every three women is sexually, psychologically and physically violated by her male partner. Many of these women are young brides, less than 18 years old who suffer in silence grappling with what society believes should be a private and guarded matter. Dasra's upcoming report, "No Private Matter" aims to bring the issue of Domestic violence out in the open to help women get their right to a happy and healthy life
Domestic violence is defined as any act of violence that results in physical, sexual, or psychological harm to women. It includes behaviors like physical assault, psychological abuse, forced intercourse, and controlling behaviors meant to isolate women. Domestic violence occurs worldwide and has serious short- and long-term effects on women's physical and mental health. It is also the leading cause of injury and death among women globally. Children who witness domestic violence also suffer negative impacts on their development and health.
International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women UNDP Eurasia
Violence against women persists as one of the most widespread human rights abuses globally, according to the UN Secretary-General. It threatens all women and is an obstacle to development, peace, and gender equality. While many nations have laws against domestic violence, trafficking, and sexual harassment, implementation and enforcement remains inadequate. Continued efforts are needed to educate communities, strengthen legal frameworks, train frontline workers, and foster partnerships to eliminate violence against women.
Domestic violence against women (1).ppt fourth semestersultanas25
The document discusses domestic violence against women in Toronto. It provides definitions of domestic violence from the UN and notes it can include physical, sexual, emotional or psychological harm. Gender inequality is cited as a core factor. The YWCA in Toronto supports women and children experiencing domestic violence through emergency shelter, housing, counseling and advocacy. The authors interviewed a YWCA social worker and volunteered at the women's shelter to learn about their services and support for domestic violence victims.
Gender based violence is a widespread problem, with as many as 1 in 3 women experiencing abuse globally. Most violence is perpetrated by someone the victim knows, such as a husband or family member. Men also experience abuse, but statistics are inaccurate as many cases go unreported due to shame. Domestic violence is underreported to police as many view it as a private family matter. When alcohol is involved, the risk of intimate partner violence increases substantially, with over half of abused women reporting their partner had been drinking. The researcher conducted an anonymous survey of participants to gather data on experiences of abuse and violence to support the hypothesis that men are more likely to perpetrate violence while women are more likely to be victims.
To create awareness among people, especially youngsters so that they could stand against violence on any girl or woman. And prevent violence and any vicious act that might degrade Womens' equality with men in society.
WARNING: This presentation contains graphic photos of extreme violence and explicit images. Due to it’s adult nature we ask that anyone under the age of 18 please stop viewing immediately. @empoweredpres
This document discusses various forms of violence against women that are prevalent in Tamil Nadu, India. It begins by defining different types of violence including self-directed, interpersonal, collective, and gender-based violence. It then examines specific issues like domestic violence, rape, dowry murders, female genital mutilation, child marriage, and HIV/AIDS in the region. The document includes case studies to illustrate these issues and their harmful effects on women. Survey results show high rates of domestic violence and limited support services available to victims. Ending such violence and harmful practices requires addressing their socio-cultural roots and empowering women.
Classic Bag Co. is a packaging supplier located in Dorset, UK that has been operating since 1996. They work with a global network of partners to design, produce, and distribute innovative and high-quality packaging solutions. Their services include design, product development, printing, quality control, logistics, stock management, and account management. Some of their clients include online retailers, department stores, fashion brands, luxury brands, and hotels.
This document appears to be an edited collection of essays celebrating the 10th anniversary of the Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa. It includes quotes from government officials supporting women's rights. The collection features essays on topics such as women's inheritance rights in Botswana, the use of SMS to spread awareness of domestic violence laws in Nigeria, and messages of solidarity from women's rights organizations in Africa.
The document outlines the historical background and context for the African Union's Gender Policy. It notes that the AU's commitment to gender equality is rooted in the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights and reinforced by instruments like the Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa and the Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality in Africa. It then lists some landmark AU decisions that highlight its leadership on issues of gender equality and women's empowerment, including enshrining gender equality as a goal in the AU's constitutive act and locating the gender machinery in the Office of the Chairperson.
Harnessing Natural Resources For National Development: Solid Minerals As The ...Above Whispers
Speech by
H.E. Dr. Kayode Fayemi, CON
Minister of Solid Minerals Development
at the
3RD CHIEF (DR.) JOHN AGBOOLA ODEYEMI ANNUAL LECTURE
Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria | Friday, April 29, 2016
Nigeria's Solid Minerals Sector: Alternative Investment OpportunitiesAbove Whispers
This document summarizes the keynote address given by the Nigerian Minister of Solid Minerals Development on investment opportunities in Nigeria's solid minerals sector. The minister discusses Nigeria's abundant solid mineral resources and the British colonial legacy in Nigerian mining. He outlines challenges facing the sector but expresses optimism about diversifying Nigeria's economy through developing mining, particularly of gold, iron ore, and other minerals. The goal is to increase the mining sector's GDP contribution from 0.33% to 5-7% over 10-15 years.
The Global Gender Gap Index featured in the 2015 Report ranks over 140 economies according to how well they are leveraging their female talent pool, based on economic, educational, health-based and political indicators.
This document summarizes the struggles that 21st century women face in relationships with African men. It discusses how education has empowered women but caused confusion and anger for some men who want to maintain traditional dominance. The story of Kate, who broke off her engagement due to abuse, control and infidelity by her fiancé Welsh, is used to illustrate common issues that women experience. These include men refusing to accept women as equals, controlling behavior, and views that "men are just like that" and abuse is part of culture. The document examines perspectives from African women and men on social media about gender roles and respect in relationships. It sets out to analyze challenges for both African men and women in the changing society.
This document discusses how culture, specifically patriarchy, shapes and controls female sexuality in Zimbabwean Shona culture. It examines how patriarchal socialization begins in the family, teaching different gender roles, and continues through institutions like marriage, religion, education, politics, and the economy. This socialization process strips women of control over their own sexuality and leads to their subordination. It argues that patriarchy is deeply ingrained in Shona culture and negatively impacts women's ability to determine their own sexuality and lives.
The document discusses sexual harassment in Arab regions and societies. It notes that while harassment exists in Western societies as well, Arab societies tend to have higher rates due to stronger religious and cultural norms regarding sexuality and gender roles. The document also discusses how victims of harassment are often blamed and mistreated by their own families, deepening their psychological trauma. Experts argue that families should respond to victims with transparency, understanding and support rather than accusations in order to properly address the issue and prevent future harassment.
Paper on Superstitions & Women by Santosh Takale at NCSM KolkataSantosh Takale
The document discusses various superstitions that negatively impact women in Indian society. It notes that women are often more superstitious than men due to factors like lack of education, inferior social status, physical and mental health issues, and customs that have been passed down for generations. The superstitions exploit women and prevent them from thinking critically. Women then unwittingly pass the superstitions on to their daughters. The document outlines several cultural practices, like Sati and Devdasi, that have oppressed women. It argues that most major religions have historically given women poor treatment and justified their subjugation. Overall, the document seeks to shed light on how superstitions have mentally enslaved women and been used to
Women in ancient India were treated equally and had rights, but their status declined sharply in medieval times. Social evils like child marriage and sati arose or spread. Women's role in family and society reduced, and they were restricted to household work. This was due to a change in thinking where men started oppressing women, and women saw themselves as weaker. Over centuries, women were excluded from power and positions and denied basic rights. To empower women, human rights must be respected, violence against women stopped, and equality promoted in decision-making, power-sharing, and support mechanisms at all levels.
This document discusses domestic violence and provides statistics. It defines both criminal and non-criminal domestic violence behaviors. It notes that every day, 4 women, 1 man, and almost 5 children die from domestic violence. Children who witness domestic violence are physically abused at a rate 1500% higher than average. The document outlines consequences for victims of domestic violence and provides encouragement for victims to leave dangerous situations and begin living freely without abuse.
This document discusses gender-based violence against women from a global perspective. It defines gender-based violence as violence committed against women by male perpetrators. It outlines different forms of violence including verbal/psychological, physical, and sexual violence. It notes that women in different cultures experience various forms of violence, such as gang rape, acid attacks, dowry-related killings, and female genital mutilation. The document calls for enhanced awareness, improved criminal justice responses, addressing social norms, and providing services for survivors.
This document discusses gender-based violence and aims to differentiate between sex and gender. It begins by defining key terms like gender-based violence, sexual identity, and intimacy. It then discusses the prevalence of violence against women globally and some common myths about rape. The document also identifies implicit and explicit factors in schools that can lead to gender-based violence, such as gender stereotyping, lack of gender-fair policies and practices, and teacher tolerance of male domination. It concludes by emphasizing the need to address the root cultural causes of gender inequity and promote respectful relationships from a young age.
The document presents the Young Women's Peace Charter created by 140 young women from six countries. It aims to build understanding of challenges faced by young women in conflict-affected areas and societies and includes recommendations for stakeholders. The Charter was developed through the Young Women's Peace Academy training program run by The Kvinna till Kvinna Foundation to increase young women's leadership, advocacy, and policy influencing skills. It includes recommendations on women's political empowerment, violence against women, young women's health and rights, conflict-related sexual violence, and economic empowerment.
Sex is good, healthy, natural. And yet, we managed to transform the act of making love and babies in one of the most sinful activity on the planet.
Our sex education is now mostly done through male-gaze porn.
Lingering myths about menstruation and sexuality lead to terrible consequences. And women even experience an orgasm gap!
So how do we shift the sex balance? How do we promote more sex positivity and happiness?
This is a collection of real stories on domestic violence of women living in Berlin, Germany and who accepted our invitation to share their life story during the workshops organized in the framework of the Erasmus+ Project SHE.
This document discusses gender-based violence and defines key terms. It notes that sex is biologically determined while gender is socially constructed and refers to the roles, behaviors and expectations placed upon men and women in a given society. Gender-based violence refers to violence that occurs due to unequal power relations between genders. Various types of violence against women are outlined, as well as the physical, psychological and reproductive consequences. Challenging gender-based violence requires changing social norms, increasing support services, and advocating for protective legislation.
This document discusses intimate partner violence against women. It notes that many women initially believe the abuse is their fault, when in reality the abuser is at fault. The document aims to help shift women's perspectives on victimization by empowering them to speak out, leave abusive situations, and prevent future abuse. Intimate partner violence is a serious issue that affects millions of women worldwide regardless of demographic factors. Abuse can be physical, sexual, psychological and can damage women's health. Risk factors include gender inequality, lack of control over social factors, and adherence to traditional gender roles. The cycle of violence used by abusers aims to maintain control over women through stages including violence, remorse, promises of change, victim blaming, and
Essay On Role Of Women In Society. Sample essay on womenMaggie Cooper
The Roles of Women in Modern Society Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. Essay on Role of Women in Society | Role of Women in Society Essay for .... The role of Women in today's society. - GCSE Sociology - Marked by .... ≫ The Changing Roles of Women in Society Free Essay Sample on Samploon.com. Women's role in society - GCSE Sociology - Marked by Teachers.com.
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019Partito democratico
DI SEGUITO SONO PUBBLICATI, AI SENSI DELL'ART. 11 DELLA LEGGE N. 3/2019, GLI IMPORTI RICEVUTI DALL'ENTRATA IN VIGORE DELLA SUDDETTA NORMA (31/01/2019) E FINO AL MESE SOLARE ANTECEDENTE QUELLO DELLA PUBBLICAZIONE SUL PRESENTE SITO
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Monitoring Health for the SDGs - Global Health Statistics 2024 - WHOChristina Parmionova
The 2024 World Health Statistics edition reviews more than 50 health-related indicators from the Sustainable Development Goals and WHO’s Thirteenth General Programme of Work. It also highlights the findings from the Global health estimates 2021, notably the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.
Changing The Story: A Road Map For Addressing Violence Against Women And Girls In Nigeria
1. 1
www.abovewhispers.com
CHANGING THE STORY: A ROAD MAP FOR ADDRESSING
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS IN NIGERIA
3RD
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GENDER: STRENGTHENING POLICY
IMPLEMENTATION IN A CHANGING WORLD, UNIVERSITY OF BENIN
SEPTEMBER 5TH
2016.
BISI ADELEYE-FAYEMI
CO-FOUNDER, AFRICAN WOMEN’S DEVELOPMENT FUND AND PARTNER, AMANDLA
CONSULTING.
2. 2
www.abovewhispers.com
CHANGING THE STORY
Mabel.
Mabel is a 42 year old woman. She has a job she loves and is very good at. She is
respected by all her colleagues and peers. She has three adorable children, who
are all doing well in their respective schools. She is very active in her church, she
is a member of two professional associations and is considering a run for the
Presidency of one of these associations. Every day, wherever she is at 5pm, her
heart begins to beat a little bit faster. By 6pm when she starts to gather her
papers to head home, the heartbeats increase and her palms become sweaty. As
her driver moves slowly through the traffic on her way home, she does not pay
any attention to the usual noise and drama commuters encounter on their way
home after work. Her mind is fixed on home. She is not looking forward to going
home, but she has to go. She does not know what mood her husband will be in
tonight. Two nights ago he was unhappy with her because she informed him she
had to travel to a meeting in Abuja next week. He showed his displeasure by
choking her. She was let off lightly then. The week before, he kicked her hard in
the ribs. Maybe that is why the nagging pain in her side won’t go away. She found
herself hoping that whatever he did, it should not be her face this time. There is
only so much make-up can cover. Not my face, she kept thinking to herself. She
looked at the file on her lap, wondering if having to stay up late tonight to finish
writing would incur his wrath again. She had to finish this task, she had a ruling
tomorrow. Mabel is a High Court Judge.
Mama Joke
Iya Joke felt herself drifting in and out of consciousness. The smoke was beginning
to overwhelm her. She no longer heard the screams and shouts of all the young
men hovering over her, holding her still so that the smoke from the burning
leaves could permeate every pore in her body. A week ago, these young men had
dragged her from her house, accusing her of being a witch. A young relative in her
compound, who was like a son to her, had been ill for some time. All efforts to
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heal him had been to no avail. She had even accompanied his mother to places
trying to help. Now she was being accused of poisoning him with her witchcraft.
She was taken to the King’s palace. The King and his chiefs took her into an inner
chamber in the palace, where she was given a strange concoction to drink. She
was told that if she did not confess to her witchcraft within seven days, the
concoction would kill her. She was then released and she went back home.
Eight days later, the young men came back. The concoction had not killed her,
which ought to have been proof of her innocence, yet they were convinced of her
guilt. They lit a fire and burnt the sacred Obo leaves, which were meant to
identify witches. Any witch who inhaled the smoke from the leaves would have to
confess. So here she was, being beaten and held down by a screaming horde of
over twenty young men, all yelling at her to confess her crimes of witchcraft. Then
it all went dark. She woke up on her bed in her house, and even though she could
see her surroundings, she could not move. She closed her eyes again. Or so she
thought. In the morning, her cousin discovered her body, lifeless on the bed. She
ran her hand over her face to close her eyes. She is at peace now, her cousin
thought to herself.
I could tell you more stories. Tales of women hurt, debased, bought and sold,
humiliated, starved of affection, and driven to madness. Women butchered,
burnt, beaten and tortured literally to death. The stories usually start the same
way and have the same ending. Women and girls who are born thinking they are
human beings entitled to a life of dignity and respect, to be loved and cared for by
their families and communities. And in the course of their lives, they find out a
very uncomfortable truth. They have less value than boys when they are young.
When they are older, they are disposable and transferable, from fathers who
value their sons over their daughters, to husbands who become their lord and
master. Almost every man they come across is superior. The boy they beat to
second position in class, the male student who got a B to their A and the male
colleague who got promoted in her place because the board determined on her
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behalf that she needed to spend more time with her young children. These stories
cut across class, education and social standing.
Gender based violence is no respecter of age, class or education. Whilst education
and social standing might give women more choices, the huge burden of cultural
and societal expectations continues to wear women down into submission.
Experts on Violence against Women will tell you that there are three main forms
of Violence against Women:
Physical: Beatings, acid attacks, torture, kidnapping, trafficking, harmful
traditional practices such as dangerous widowhood rites, disinheritance, Female
Genital Mutilation, witch hunts, imposition of dress codes, forced seclusion, and
others.
Sexual: Rape, incest, indecent assault, sexual extortion and exploitation, marital
rape, child marriage, sexual slavery, forced prostitution, baby factories, virginity
testing, and ritual rape.
Psychological: Intimidation, sexual harassment, institutional discrimination,
neglect, verbal abuse, abandonment, stalking, cyber stalking and abuse, isolation
from friends and family, denial of livelihood opportunities, lack of voice in
decision making.
If a woman or girl has experienced any of these, it can be said that she is a victim
of violence. Conventional statistics put victims of one or a combination of these
forms of violence at 1 out of 3 women. Why should we care about Violence
against Women? We should care because it destroys women’s lives. It leaves
women scarred and scared for the rest of their lives. It erodes self-esteem and
confidence. It diminishes the capacity of women to fulfill their full potential. It
destroys families and communities. It affects our economy. It increases HIV/AIDS
rates, transmission of STDs, serious health conditions, commercial sex work and
numbers of people suffering from mental health disorders. Women who are
victims of violent sexual crimes are afraid to report for fear of stigma, blame and
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rejection. As in many other parts of the world, when the cases are reported, it
takes so much effort to get a conviction, the process leaves the victims feeling
assaulted all over again. When there is no justice, they do not get closure and the
healing process takes so much longer.
For us to understand Violence against Women, we need an appreciation of the
structural and underlying causes which feed this menace from generation to
generation and which creates an almost unbreakable cycle of oppression. We all
grow up in societies firmly entrenched in patriarchal norms and values which
influence all the social, cultural, political, economic, educational and religious
institutions around which our lives are structured. It is these institutions, into
which we are all socialized, that determine the value and worth of women and
girls. As long as these institutions remain bastions of male dominance and control,
the empowerment of women will continue to be severely limited. Acts which
violate women and girls in public and private, are merely a symptom of the
effects of a culture that emphasizes the superiority of men over women and takes
women on a long journey of subjugation throughout their life-cycle.
The good news is that over the years, this cycle of oppression has been
challenged, and significant gains have been made. Thanks to the relentless
advocacy of generations of women’s rights activists and human rights advocates,
gender equality and women’s empowerment is no longer a strange concept.
Women are today better educated than they were in the past, they play key roles
in the formal and informal economy, they are more politically visible, and there
are many role models who have blazed trails and broken barriers for other
women. There are a respectable number of professional bodies and associations
created for and by women who seek to address some of the historical imbalances.
There are also several policies and laws in place at State and Federal level which
are meant to provide a basis for raising the status of women. At the global and
regional levels, it has been established that women’s human rights are universal,
inalienable, and indivisible, and that Governments at all levels have an obligation
to guarantee these rights.
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However, in spite of all these gains and advancements, the status of women in
our communities remains a precarious one. Cultural, social and religious
institutions have not been transformed enough to provide women with the
dignity and respect they deserve. Gender based violence continues to rise, and
the inadequate investments in improving the livelihoods of women have led to
the feminization of poverty. With this has come the attendant consequences - an
overall diminished capacity for women and girls to achieve their full potential.
My submission therefore, is that if we are committed to ending, or at least
minimizing Violence against Women and Girls, we should be prepared to engage
in challenging and transforming all the institutions and processes which continue
to undermine the progress of women and girls, regardless of their age, class and
social standing. How can we give Mabel a different story? How does she get the
respect, self-esteem and confidence she needs to break away from her current
life of abuse, living in fear every day? Could we have changed Mama Joke’s fate?
Could we have saved her life? If any of these two women were standing before
you here today, what would you do for them to change their story?
Moving Forward
1. Address structural and underlying causes of violence against women
1.1: Institutions and communities
Institutions which predetermine the status and roles of women should be
redefined. Educational, religious, cultural and social spaces need to be sites
of empowerment and transformation, not tools for the abuse of women
Gender equality continues to remain a priority. Women’s economic
empowerment and their full and equal participation in public and political
life are vital for addressing the structural causes of violence against women
and girls.
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We need to stop fuelling practices, beliefs and stereotypes that undermine
the physical and emotional well-being of women and girls.
All harmful traditional practices which minimize the personhood of women
should be avoided. Their time has past. Widow abuse, FGM, child marriage,
male preference, disinheritance of women and so on, are not compatible
with the doctrine of inalienable human rights.
Religious institutions should be places where women and girls are valued
and respected, and where their potential is not limited by manipulative
interpretations of religious texts.
We live in times when most of our cultural reference points have become
globalized. The films we watch, food we eat, music we listen and dance to,
the clothes we wear and what we read all have local and global contexts
and applications. In this globalized world, we have to deal with the good,
the bad and the ugly. At the center of all this is the representation of
women. In a world were women and girls are consistently over-sexualised,
this permeates our consciousness to the point of believing that women’s
bodies are available for sale, use and abuse. Musical lyrics, musical videos,
exhibitionism, endless beauty pageants, irresponsible use of social media,
questionable role models, celebration of mediocrity over substance, does
not provide an enabling environment for a culture of respect for women
and their bodies to thrive.
1.2: The role of families
Parents should raise their daughters with a healthy dose of self-respect and
self esteem
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Girls and boys should be raised with an understanding of equal
responsibilities, obligations and mutual respect
Parents should reflect on the choice of schools for their children and be
sure they are making informed decisions. Learn to make the distinction
between discipline and abuse.
Parents, especially mothers, should be wary of how your daughters are
looked after in your absence. Listen to your daughter if she tells you about
inappropriate behavior and take action immediately.
People should think deeply about their choice of place of worship and the
implications for themselves and their children. If you are attending a place
of worship where you are told that your wife, sister, child, mother, and so
on, are behind your misfortunes, you need to worship elsewhere.
Families of victims should not accept the ‘Rape and Beg’ syndrome. It fuels
impunity and does not bring closure.
Young people should learn to be responsible for their actions and decisions.
It is good to be free, independent and adventurous, but not at the risk of
your safety or even life.
Boys and men need a new understanding and definition of masculinity. Our
societies need strong men who can be providers, carers and nurturers of
values that embody respect and accountability. There should be no place
for those who derive their power from the abuse, exploitation and
intimidation of women and girls.
The institution of marriage is a sacred one which binds two people together
in love, to live in peace and harmony, and to serve as a place where
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subsequent generations can come into the world and be nurtured with
values which can build good character. Marriage between two people who
cherish and value each other, and who develop the capacity to weather
storms together, through the good times and the bad, is beautiful.
Marriage is not meant to be a dictatorship where one person is right all the
time and the other party has to obey blindly without question. Marriage is a
partnership which thrives on love, fear of God, mutual respect, trust and
commitment. It is a contract which is only binding for as long as both
parties are happy with the arrangement and return on emotional
investments they make. Parents, religious leaders, families, and friends
should STOP making marriage sound like an iron- gated prison for women
from which there is no escape, and which has to be endured till the day
they literally die from abuse.
2. Provision and implementation of strong legal and policy frameworks
As mentioned above, there have been some attempts made to address
violence against women in Nigeria, through the adoption of relevant laws
at federal and state level. However, implementation and enforcement of
these laws remains woefully inadequate, creating the basis for a pervasive
culture of impunity. We still have significant gaps and challenges, and we
should all be concerned about our lack of institutional capacity to enforce
laws and policies. Inadequate implementation frameworks, lack of reliable
data, lack of financial, technical, material and human resources, lack of
cohesion and coordination, insufficient analysis and research, lack of
continuity, and much more, make implementation extremely difficult. At
the minimum, we require:
Domestication of the Violence against Persons Prohibition Act of
2015
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Domestication of the Child Rights Act by the States in Nigeria who
have not already done so. This is a priority in order to have
institutional mechanisms to protect young girls from various acts of
violence.
Domestication of the National Gender Policy of 2005 (Revised in
2015) by all States of the Federation.
Immediate passage of the Gender and Equal Opportunities Bill to
protect women, girls and other marginalized people from all forms of
discrimination
Implementation of existing laws against harmful traditional practices
such as Female Genital Mutilation and Widowhood practices
More women are needed at all levels of decision making, and the
quest for increased numbers should also be in tandem with the need
to have women committed to the goals of gender justice.
Relevant institutions such as government machineries, schools,
tertiary institutions, religious bodies, corporate entities and so on,
need to have Gender Policies to guide how women are treated and
socialized, with the goal of increasing and not decreasing
opportunities for women.
The Nigerian government needs to open up Sexual Offenders
Registers throughout the country to ensure that they can keep track
of sexual predators who have a history of acts of sexual violence
against women and girls.
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3. Multi-sectoral and inter-agency services to respond to Violence Against
Women
A key challenge in the implementation of strategies to prevent violence against
women or to support and rehabilitate survivors, is the lack of inter-agency
collaboration and capacity. Without these, efforts to address this issue, no matter
how well meaning, will not be sustainable. The following issues should therefore
be addressed:
There is a need to scale up Inter-agency collaboration to provide
counselling, pyscho-social support, therapy and rehabilitative services for
survivors of gender based violence. We badly need competent health care
services, counselling and therapy facilities, well-resourced shelters and half-
way houses, and skilled personnel all working together with a common
goal.
There are many civil society organisations, women’s organisations, religious
and social groups and educational organisations, professional bodies and
unions, who have played a role in addressing violence against women in
various capacities. Their resourcefulness and dedication should be
applauded. There is however a need to work together to exchange
information and identify mutual strengths, gaps, overlaps and areas of
collaboration, to avoid working at cross purposes.
One of the greatest impediments to success in the desire to minimize acts
of violence against women is combating the culture of impunity. Our law
enforcement agencies and criminal justice system need to play a more
active role in this, because with things as they are now, chances of securing
convictions in cases of sexual assault are very slim. When cases fizzle out
due to a combination of lack of forensic evidence, lack of commitment on
the part of law enforcement, indifference of the judiciary and pressure
from the families and associates of suspects, this prevents other victims of
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sexual assaults from coming forward, and leaves perpetrators with a feeling
of invincibility, paving the way for future attacks on other victims.
The agencies who are the first to deal with victims of sexual assault such as
the police and health care providers, should have the capacity to handle
cases with the utmost sensitivity, there should be appropriate tools to
collect forensic evidence such as Rape Kits, and those who have this
training need to be kept within the system for as long as is feasible.
We need to work closely with our traditional rulers and make them
partners in progress. Some traditional rulers are keen to uphold positive
cultural values and frown on acts of violence against citizens. They can be
encouraged to persuade their subjects to shun harmful traditional
practices. We should try as much as possible to seek allies amongst them.
There are also groups of female chiefs (both traditional and honorary) in
some of our communities who are seen as role models for other women
and who command respect. They too can be coopted to support our
community based advocacy efforts. The many women’s associations,
networks and age-grade unions should also make this part of their agenda.
The time has come for us to be our sister’s keeper and not the ones
mounting surveillance on other women, turning ourselves into foot soldiers
in the army of patriarchal oppression.
Our religious institutions have a vital role to play in supporting these issues.
It is very sad to note that some religious leaders perpetrate and perpetuate
acts of violence against women and children. We need all religious bodies
to take a firm stance against gender based violence, and work with their
congregations to provide the necessary support, in ways which do not
continue to endanger the lives of women and children.
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There is a lot of work that needs to be done to draw in men as allies in the
efforts to address Gender based violence. The work of the UN Secretary
General’s Network of Men Leaders to end Violence against Women needs
to be replicated in all our communities.
All our best intentions will amount to nothing if communities do not own
the issue of violence against women and girls. We have to make the
necessary investments in sensitization and awareness raising to make
everyone a stakeholder in this issue. Every abused woman or girl is
someone’s mother, daughter, wife, sister, and friend. Communities,
especially in rural areas, should be sensitized to work with relevant bodies
on a range of intervention strategies such as mediation, counselling,
reporting incidents of abuse, legal literacy, aiding the criminal justice
system, and providing a strong support network for survivors of abuse.
Communities should not take laws into their hands, but they should be
prepared to support the implementation of laws and not obstruct justice
which is what happens in many instances.
The media has played a key role in addressing issues of violence against
women and girls, and many stories carried by various media institutions
have led to public outrage and action. However, there is still a lot of work
to be done with the media in this regard. Training and sensitisation on how
to report stories of violence and abuse, how to protect the identities of
survivors, and consistent follow-up to expose conspiracies and acts of
impunity is very important. Investigative journalism is becoming a dying art
in this country, and this is one of the ways in which the media can support
this agenda.
There is a lot of support that is required from philanthropic institutions
both public and private to address gender based violence, because the
government cannot do it all. Corporate funding in Nigeria to support
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women’s rights work is negligible. There is a business case to be made for
the prevention of violence against women and girls. A trafficked and
abused girl will not grow up to become the senior executive who will be
able to afford the new car, state of the art equipment, house or other
things your company is selling.
The woman suffering from domestic violence will spend her money and
time in and out of hospital or church, and will not have resources for your
latest cell phone or refrigerator. The survivor of a violent sexual assault
who happens to be one of your most promising employees will become a
shadow of herself and all what you have invested in her training goes down
the drain. The Corporate Social Responsibility goals of corporate bodies
need to be revisited to allow for the inculcation of values and principles
that espouse gender equality and women’s empowerment.
If you can invest in reality shows, beauty pageants, musical concerts and
cooking competitions, you can afford to fund a rehabilitation center for
survivors of violence, you can fund training programs for agencies on the
issue and you can stop using the half- naked bodies of women to advertise
your products.
4. Improving the knowledge base
Another major challenge policy makers and practitioners have faced is the dearth
of reliable data on prevalence rates, reporting processes, convictions, referral
points and front line service providers. We need investments in the following:
More research and knowledge on all these issues in various communities
Training, capacity building and peer learning exchanges within and outside
the country to assess how others have addressed these issues
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Support for the growing number of Gender and Women’s Studies programs
in Universities around the country
Conclusion
For this agenda of eradicating or at least, minimizing violence against women and
girls, we need one critical issue - strong political will. Without political will, we will
not see any traction on any of these proposals. Political will is what will determine
the level of financial, technical and material investments in eradicating gender
based violence. Political will leads by example and models the way for a culture of
impunity to end. Political will implies a decision to fulfil the social contract that
leaders have with their people – the guarantee of peace, economic
empowerment, social well-being and a life of dignity and respect in return for the
trust imposed in them by the people.
Between 2010 and October 2014, there was demonstrable political will in Ekiti
State for the empowerment of women and a culture of zero tolerance for
violence against women and girls. Ekiti State became the first state to
domesticate the National Gender Policy, the Gender Based Violence Prohibition
Law was signed in November 2011, the Family Court was established in 2012, a
Shelter and Rehabilitation Center for women was opened in 2013, and the Equal
Opportunities Law was signed in December 2013. In addition, the GBV Law made
provision for a Survivor’s Fund, which helped support over 150 survivors of
violence to rebuild their lives.
As we call for more political will to end violence against women, we should say,
Enough is Enough. How many more of us need to die? How many more need to
be kidnapped, raped, tortured, maimed and abused? For how long do we want to
continue blaming the victims? Back to changing the story. Sometimes what is
needed is a kind word, empathy, an intervention, courage and sacrifice.
Remember the statistics- 1 in 3. It could be you. It could be me.
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Close your eyes. Remember all the women you know who have been victims of
one form of abuse or the other. Move your lips and say her name, not out loud,
but to yourself. If that woman is you, say your own name. Then let us say out loud
together, ‘You are a Survivor’.
Thank you.