The document explores the social and cultural contexts of sexual assault and harassment, detailing its various forms, effects, and statistics. It highlights the prevalence of sexual violence against women, including in the workplace, military, and within the LGBTQ community, while discussing societal attitudes and cultural factors that normalize such behaviors. Additionally, it addresses the barriers victims face in reporting assaults and various historical and legal issues related to sexual violence.

1. What is SexualAssault and Sexual
Assault to Women in Social and
Cultural Context
By Ayşe Yıldız

2. SEXUALASSAULT
2
 Sexual offences, from showing indecent images to another person, to
kissing or touching them, as well as penetration of the person’s body
with a body part or object.
 If someone:
• Does something sexual that makes you feel uncomfortable; or
• Touches your body when you do not want them to, it may be a
sexual assault
• Sexual assault is always a crime
• Sexual assault is a crime where the attacker uses force, abuse of
power, violence, threats or tricks to control or take advantage of the
victim.

3. Victims usually
know their
assaulter
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 People who sexually assault usually attack
someone they know —
 Of adults, 73% knew the attacker, 38% were
friends of the attacker, 28% were an intimate
partner of the attacker, and 7% were a relative
of the attacker
 About 40% of sexual assaults take place in the
victim’s own home. Another 20% occur in the
home of a friend, neighbor, or relative

4. ACCORDINGTO WHO;
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5. RESULTS OF
SEXUAL
ASSAULT
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 Unwanted pregnancy
 Sexually transmitted infections
 Post-traumatic stress disorder
 Depression
 Flashbacks
 Sleep disorders
 Eating disorders
 Post-incident substance abuse
 Self-harm
 Even suicide

6. SEXUALHARRASMENT
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 Any form of unwelcome sexual behavior that’s offensive, humiliating or
intimidating.
 It can be written, verbal or physical, and can happen in person or online.
 Sexual harassment can include someone:
• Touching, grabbing or making other physical contact with you without
your consent
• Making comments to you that have a sexual meaning
• Asking you for sex or sexual favors
• Leering and staring at you
• Displaying rude and offensive material so that you or others can see it
 If someone is sexually harassing you in a way that causes you to feel
humiliation, pain, fear or intimidation, then this can be considered sexual
assault

7. HOWSEXUAL
HARASSMENT
CANAFFECT
YOU
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• Feel stressed, anxious or depressed
• Withdraw from social situations
• Lose confidence and self-esteem
• Have physical symptoms of stress, such as headaches,
backaches or sleep problems
• Be less productive and unable to concentrate.

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9. STATISTICS
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• 35% of women worldwide have experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate
partner violence or non-partner sexual violence.
• Less than 40% of the women who experience violence seek help of any sort
• Globally, 7% of women have been sexually assaulted by someone other than a
partner.
• Globally, as many as 38% of murders of women are committed by an intimate
partner.
• 200 million women have experienced female genital mutilation/cutting.
• In 2019, one in five women, aged 20–24 years, were married before the age of 18.
 137 women are killed by a member of their family every day
 15 million adolescent girls worldwide, aged 15–19 years, have experienced forced
sex.
 In the middle east and north Africa, 40–60 per cent of women have experienced
street-based sexual harassment

10. SEXUALL
ASSAULTIN
WORKPLACE
 Sexual harassment directly or indirectly, affects women
positions in the labor market.
 quid pro quo; with authority over an employee requests
or implies an unwelcome sexual demand in exchange
for something on the job
 hostile work environment; hostile or humiliating
working environment for the recipient
 harassment results in an unsafe and hostile work
environment for the person experiencing it, as well as
for witnesses and co-workers.
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11. INMILITARY
 The behavior is more common in the military than
in civilian life.
 Women are substantially more likely than men to
experience sexual harassment in the armed forces.
 Other groups at higher risk include child
cadets/recruits and military detainees.
 At least 25% of women serving in the U.S. military
have been sexually assaulted, and up to 80% have been
sexually harassed.
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12. INWARS
 It is called wartime sexual violence
 War rapes are rapes committed by soldiers.
 If the army victoriously entered the town by force, the
conquering men could and would rape women.
 Napoleon Bonaparte found rape committed by soldiers
particularly distasteful.
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13. THELGBTQ
COMMUNITY
 47% of transgender people are sexually assaulted
 44% of Lesbian women, experienced rape, physical violence,
and/or stalking by an intimate partner
 Approximately 1 in 8 (13%) have been raped in their lifetime
 61% of bisexual women experienced rape, physical violence,
and/or stalking by an intimate partner
 1 in 5 (22%) have been raped
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15. WIDOWS
 Widows are subjected to serious forms of abuse
 Traditional practices such as widow inheritance.
 Sati; was a historical Hindu practice, in which a widow
sacrifices herself by sitting atop her deceased
husband's funeral pyre
 Parts of Africa, such as in Kenya, widows are viewed as
impure and need to be 'cleansed'
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16. STALKING
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 Stalking is unwanted or obsessive attention by an
individual or group toward another person
 Stalkers are most often known people
 It can escalate into severe violence, including murder
 87.7% of stalking offenders were male and 82.4% of
stalking victims were female

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18. WHYDON’T PEOPLEREPORT?
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 Tend to face a lot of skepticism.
 Traumatic experiences.
 Shame
 Denial, minimization
 Fear of the consequences
 Low self esteem
 Feelings of hopelessness and helplessness
 Lack of evidence
 Disbelief, dissociated, or drugged

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20. DO WE
NORMALIZE
IT?
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 80% of young, male respondents in Latin
America believe they can have sexual relationships
with whoever they want, but women can't and
shouldn't, and 40% believe that if a woman is drunk,
she's giving permission to men to have sexual
intercourse with her.
 Toxic masculinity, internalized misogyny, and
patriarchal societies are all forms in which these
beliefs are established. And it becomes a vicious cycle
which can only be stopped through
awareness, education, and active defiance of gender
stereotypes

21. RAPE
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 Rape is also a sexual assault, an unlawful sexual activity
 In many jurisdictions, the crime of rape has been
subsumed under that of sexual assault.

22. WHATISRAPECULTURE
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 Environment in which rape is prevalent and in which sexual
violence against women is
 Rape culture is perpetuated to disregards women’s rights
and safety.

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24. HOWTO
COMBATRAPE
CULTURE
• Avoid using language that objectifies or degrades
women
• Think critically about the media’s messages about
women, men, relationships, and violence
• Be respectful of others’ physical space even in casual
situations
• Define your own manhood or womanhood. Do not let
stereotypes shape your actions.
• Get involved! Join a student or community group
working to end violence against women.
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25. MYTHSand
STEROTYPING
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 If someone gets really drunk, it’s their own fault if
they end up getting raped. They should have kept
themselves safe.
 Women often lie about rape because they regret
having sex with someone, or because they want
attention.
 If someone didn’t scream or try to fight their
attacker off, then it wasn’t rape.
 If you are in a relationship with someone, it’s always
OK to have sex with them.
 People who were sexually abused as children are
likely to become abusers themselves
 Women shouldn’t go out alone at night as they are
likely to get raped.
 Women provoke men to rape them by wearing
revealing clothes or flirting.
 No, means Yes.

26. CULTURAL
REASONS
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 THEORY; sexual violence is sociocultural
constructed
 Rape-free and rape-prone cultures
 Patriarchal societies will witness more sexual
violence compared to the gender-equal societies
 In the form of male backlash, with men being
known to commit sexual violence
 Urbanization, poverty, high percentage of
divorced men, and incidence
 Manly role are prized better, additional
perceived may encourage them to think of their
rights
 Patriarchal cultures, any resistance from the
woman victim is perceived by the offender as
an insult to his “manhood.

27. GETTING
SIGNALS
 There is a high possibility that men from a sexually
conservative culture may interpret nonsexual
behaviors or platonic interests of women from sexually
open cultures, as sexual in nature resulting in sexual
violence
 Several studies have reported that men are more likely
to misinterpret and make errors in decoding women's
platonic interests as sexual signals
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28. MARRYYOURRAPIST
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 The "marry-your-rapist" law is a legal way for the accused to avoid prosecution or
punishment.
 Back in history; a woman was the property of her father.
 Often, the perpetrator is then permitted to divorce his now-wife.
 Common around the world until the 1970s.

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30. RAPEINTURKEY
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 33% of the police officers agreed that "some women
deserve rape", 66% of police officers, as well as nearly
50% of other professional groups except. the
psychologists about 18% and 27% of psychiatrists,
suggested that "the physical appearance and behaviors
of women tempt men to rape
 In 2015, Turkish university student Özgecan Aslan was
raped Aslan became a symbol for Turkish women who
are the victims of violence.
 2018, Turkish police launched the "Women Emergency
Assistance Notification System" (KADES) app which is
downloaded over 353,000 people

31. RAPEINTURKEY
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 According to data from 2018s ,in shelters 29,612 women and
17,956 children accommodated.
 Violence against women in Turkey, often involving husbands
killing their wives, has drastically increased in recent years.
 significant number of violent acts against women, especially
sexual assault cases, are under-reported
 societal pressure to keep families together, and lack of legal
protection for female victims, many women are scared to come
forward
 Sadly, there is no justice for women who is raped.

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