Pakistan's education system has received little attention from governments and constitutes less than 2.4% of GDP, resulting in the lowest literacy rates and quality compared to neighbors. The system suffers from multilingualism, inconsistent policies, and a hierarchical structure, while state schools inadequately address societal needs due to mismanagement, underfunding, and lack of assessment. Pakistan's education is divided into primary, middle, and secondary levels with primary and secondary schools, continuing to higher education after grade 12.

1. Revitalizing Education in Pakistan: Challenges and
Recommendations
A Journal of the Centre for Business & Economic Research (CBER)

2. Introduction
• Education plays a crucial role in ensuring
political stability and driving socio-economic
progress within a country.
• The presence of varied education systems
offering distinct forms of instruction has resulted
in an uneven educational framework.
• Education serves as a catalyst for political
stability by instilling a sense of national rights
and responsibilities among individuals.
• It promotes cooperation, participation, and
harmony.
• Education is fundamental for empowerment,
promoting human rights and gender parity.
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3. Education Landscape in Pakistan: An Overlooked
and Diverse Realm
• Pakistan's education system has never
garnered significant attention from either military
or civilian administrations.
• The education sector in Pakistan has
received extremely meager funds, constituting
less than 2.4% of the GDP.
• Pakistan exhibits the lowest literacy rate and
subpar educational quality compared to
neighboring countries.
• The education system has suffered due to
factors such as multilingualism, policy
inconsistencies, and hierarchical structure.
• The state-run schooling system inadequately
addresses societal needs due to
mismanagement, insufficient funding, and
inadequate assessment.
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4. Configuration of Pakistan's Educational System
• Pakistan's educational structure is
categorized into three main segments: primary
education (grades 1-5), middle education
(grades 6-8), and secondary education (grades
9-12).
• Primary and secondary divisions give rise to
primary and secondary schools.
• Beyond grade 12, the trajectory transitions to
higher education.
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