Ch7

1
Starting Out with C++, 3rd
Edition
Chapter 7 – Arrays

2
Edition
7.1 Arrays Hold Multiple values
• Unlike regular variables, arrays can hold
multiple values.

3
Edition
Figure 7-1
int count Enough memory for 1 int
12345
float price Enough memory for 1
float
56.981
char letter Enough memory for 1 char
A

4
Edition
Figure 7-2

5
Edition
Table 7-1
Array Declaration Number of
Elements
Size of
Each Element
S ize of the
Array
c h a r l e t t e r s [ 2 5 ] ; 25 1 byte 25 bytes
s h o r t r i n g s [ 1 0 0 ] ; 100 2 bytes 200 bytes
i n t m i l e s [ 8 4 ] ; 84 4 bytes 336 bytes
f l o a t t e m p [ 1 2 ] ; 12 4 bytes 48 bytes
d o u b l e d D i s t a n c e [ 1 0 0 0 ] ; 1000 8 bytes 8000 bytes

6
Edition
7.2 Accessing Array elements
• The individual elements of an array are
assigned unique subscripts. These
subscripts are used to access the elements.

7
Edition
Program 7-1
// This program asks the user for the number of hours worked
// by 6 employees. It uses a 6-element int array to store the
// values.
#include <iostream.h>
void main(void)
{
short hours[6];
cout << "Enter the hours worked by six employees: ";
cin >> hours[0];
cin >> hours[1];
cin >> hours[2];
cin >> hours[3];

8
Edition
Program continues
cin >> hours[4];
cin >> hours[5];
cout << "The hours you entered are:";
cout << " " << hours[0];
cout << " " << hours[1];
cout << " " << hours[2];
cout << " " << hours[3];
cout << " " << hours[4];
cout << " " << hours[5] << endl;
}

9
Edition
Program Output with Example Input
Enter the hours worked by six employees: 20 12 40 30 30 15
[Enter]
The hours you entered are: 20 12 40 30 30 15

10
Edition
Figure 7-7

11
Edition
Program 7-2
// by 6 employees. It uses a 6-element short array to store the
// values.
void main(void)
{
short hours[6];
cout << "Enter the hours worked by six employees: ";
for (int count = 0; count < 6; count++)
cin >> hours[count];
cout << "The hours you entered are:";
for (count = 0; count < 6; count++)
cout << " " << hours[count];
cout << endl;
}

12
Edition
Enter the hours worked by six employees: 20 12 40 30 30 15
[Enter]
The hours you entered are: 20 12 40 30 30 15

13
Edition
Program 7-3
// by 6 employees. It uses a 6-element short array to store the
// values.
#include<iostream.h>
void main(void)
{
short hours[6];
cout << "Enter the hours worked by six employees.n";
for (int count = 1; count <= 6; count++)
{
cout << "Employee " << count << ": ";
cin >> hours[count - 1];
}
cout << "The hours you entered aren";

14
Edition
Program continues
for (count = 1; count <= 6; count++)
{
cout << "Employee " << count << ": ";
cout << hours[count - 1] << endl;
}
}

15
Edition
Enter the hours worked by six employees.
Employee 1: 20 [Enter]
The hours you entered are
Employee 1: 20
Employee 2: 12
Employee 3: 40
Employee 4: 30
Employee 5: 30
Employee 6: 15

16
Edition
7.3 No Bounds Checking in C++
• C++ gives you the freedom to store data
past an array’s boundaries.

17
Edition
Program 7-4
// This program unsafely accesses an area of memory by writing
// values beyond an array's boundary.
// WARNING: If you compile and run this program, it could cause
// the computer to crash.
void main(void)
{
short values[3]; // An array of 3 short integers.
cout << "I will store 5 numbers in a 3 element array!n";
values[count] = 100;
cout << "If you see this message, it means the computern";
cout << "has not crashed! Here are the numbers:n";
cout << values[count] << endl;
}

18
Edition
Figure 7-8

19
Edition
7.4 Array Initialization
• Arrays may be initialized when they are
declared.

20
Edition
Program 7-5
// This program displays the number of days in each month.
// It uses a 12-element int array.
void main(void)
{
int days[12];
days[0] = 31; // January
days[1] = 28; // February
days[2] = 31; // March
days[3] = 30; // April
days[4] = 31; // May
days[5] = 30; // June
days[6] = 31; // July

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Edition
Program continues
days[7] = 31; // August
days[8] = 30; // September
days[9] = 31; // October
days[10] = 30; // November
days[11] = 31; // December
{
cout << "Month " << (count + 1) << " has ";
cout << days[count] << " days.n";
}
}

22
Edition
Program Output
Month 1 has 31 days.

23
Edition
Program 7-6
// It uses a 12-element int array.
void main(void)
{
int days[12] = {31, 28, 31, 30,
31, 30, 31, 31,
30, 31, 30, 31};
{
cout << "Month " << (count + 1) << " has ";
}
}

24
Edition
Program Output

25
Edition
Program 7-7
// This program uses an array of ten characters to store the
// first ten letters of the alphabet. The ASCII codes of the
// characters are displayed.
void main(void)
{
char letters[10] = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E',
'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J'};
cout << "Character" << "t" << "ASCII Coden";
cout << "--------" << "t" << "----------n";
{
cout << letters[count] << "tt";
cout << int(letters[count]) << endl;
}
}

26
Edition
Program Output
Character ASCII Code
--------- ----------
A 65
B 66
C 67
D 68
E 69
F 70
G 71
H 72
I 73
J 74

27
Edition
Partial Array Initialization
• When an array is being initialized, C++
does not require a value for every element.
int numbers[7] = {1, 2, 4, 8};

28
Edition
Program 7-8
// This program has a partially initialized array.
void main(void)
{
int numbers[7] = {1, 2, 4, 8}; // Initialize the
// first 4 elements.
cout << "Here are the contents of the array:n";
for (int index = 0; index < 7; index++)
cout << numbers[index] << endl;
}

29
Edition
Program Output
Here are the contents of the array:
1
2
4
8
0
0
0

30
Edition
Implicit Array Sizing
• It is possible to declare an array without
specifying its size, as long as you provide an
initialization list.
float ratings[] = {1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0};

31
Edition
Initializing With Strings
• When initializing a character array with a
string, simply enclose the string in
quotation marks:
char name[] = “Warren”;

32
Edition
Figure 7-11

33
Edition
Program 7-9
// This program displays the contents of two char arrays.
void main(void)
{
char name1[] = "Holly";
char name2[] = {'W', 'a', 'r', 'r', 'e', 'n', '0'};
cout << name1 << endl;
cout << name2 << endl;
}

34
Edition
Program Output
Holly
Warren

35
Edition
7.5 Processing Array Contents
• Individual array elements are processed like
any other type of variable.

36
Edition
Program 7-10
// This program stores, in an array, the hours worked by 5
// employees who all make the same hourly wage.
void main(void)
{
int hours[5];
float payRate;
cout << "Enter the hours worked by 5 employees who alln";
cout << "earn the same hourly rate.n";
{
cout << "Employee #" << (index + 1) << ": ";
cin >> hours[index];
}

37
Edition
Program continues
cout << "Enter the hourly pay rate for all the employees: ";
cin >> payRate;
cout << "Here is the gross pay for each employee:n";
cout.precision(2);
cout.setf(ios::fixed | ios::showpoint);
for (index = 0; index < 5; index++)
{
float grossPay = hours[index] * payRate;
cout << "Employee #" << (index + 1);
cout << ": $" << grossPay << endl;
}
}

38
Edition
Enter the hours worked by 5 employees who all
earn the same hourly rate.
Employee #1: 5 [Enter]
Enter the hourly pay rate for all the employees: 12.75 [Enter]
Here is the gross pay for each employee:
Employee #1: $63.75
Employee #2: $127.50

39
Edition
Program 7-11
// This program stores, in an array, the hours worked by 5
// employees who all make the same hourly wage. It then
// displays the gross pay, including any overtime.
// Constant for defining the array size
void main(void)
{
int hours[5];
float payRate;
cout << "Enter the hours worked by 5 employees who alln";
cout << "earn the same hourly rate.n";
{
cout << "Employee #" << (index + 1) << ": ";
}

40
Edition
Program continues
cout << "Enter the hourly pay rate for all the employees: ";
cin >> payRate;
cout.precision(2);
{
float grossPay, overTime;
if (hours[index] > 40)
{
// Calculate pay for 40 hours.
grossPay = 40 * payRate;
// Calculate overtime pay.
overTime = (hours[index] - 40) * 1.5 * payRate;
// Add regular pay and overtime pay.
grossPay += overTime;
}

41
Edition
Program continues
else
grossPay = hours[index] * payRate;
}
}

42
Edition
Enter the hours worked by 5 employees who all
earn the same hourly rate.
Enter the hourly pay rate for all the employees: 12.75 [Enter]

43
Edition
7.6 Focus on Software Engineering:
Parallel Arrays
• By using he same subscript, you can build
relationships between data stored in two or
more arrays.

44
Edition
Program 7-12
// This program stores, in two arrays, the hours worked by 5
// employees, and their hourly pay rates.
// Constant for defining the array size
const int numEmps = 5;
void main(void)
{
int hours[numEmps];
float payRate[numEmps];
cout << "Enter the hours worked by “ << numEmps
<< “ employees and theirn";
cout << "hourly rates.n";
for (int index = 0; index < numEmps; index++)
{
cout << "hours worked by employee #" << (index + 1);
cout << ": ";

45
Edition
Program continues
cout << "Hourly pay rate for employee #";
cout << (index + 1) << ": ";
cin >> payRate[index];
}
cout.precision(2);
for (index = 0; index < numEmps; index++)
{
float grossPay = hours[index] * payRate[index];
}
}

46
Edition
Enter the hours worked by 5 employees and their hourly rates.
hours worked by employee #1: 10 [Enter]
Hourly pay rate for employee #1: 9.75 [Enter]
Employee #1: $97.50

47
Edition
7.7 Thou Shalt Not Assign
• You cannot use the assignment operator to
copy one array’s contents to another.
for (int count=0; count < 4; count++)
newVal[count] = oldVal[count];

48
Edition
Table 7-2
Expression Value
O ld V a lu e s [ 0 ] 10 (Contents of Element 0 of O ld V a lu e s )
N e w V a lu e s 8012 (Memory Address of N e w V a lu e s )
O ld V a lu e s 8024 (Memory Address of O ld V a lu e s )

49
Edition
7.8 Printing the Contents of an
Array
• To display the contents of an array, you
must use a loop to display the contents of
each element.
int array[5] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
cout << array[count] << endl;

50
Edition
7.9 Arrays As Function Arguments
• To pass an array as an argument to a
function, pass the name of the array.

51
Edition
Program 7-13
// This program demonstrates that an array element is passed
// to a function like any other variable.
void ShowValue(int); // Function prototype
void main(void)
{
int collection[8] = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40};
for (int Cycle = 0; Cycle < 8; Cycle++)
ShowValue(collection[Cycle]);
}

52
Edition
Program continues
//************************************
// Definition of function showValue. *
// This function accepts an integer argument. *
// The value of the argument is displayed. *
//************************************
void ShowValue(int Num)
{
cout << Num << " ";
}

53
Edition
Program Output
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

54
Edition
Program 7-14
// This program demonstrates an array being passed to a function.
void showValues(int []); // Function prototype
void main(void)
{
int collection[8] = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40};
showValues(collection); // Passing address of array collection
}
//***********************************************
// Definition of function showValues. *
// This function accepts an array of 8 integers *
// as its argument. The contents of the array *
// is displayed. *
//***********************************************
void showValues(int nums[])
{
cout << nums[index] << " ";
}

55
Edition
Program Output
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

56
Edition
Program 7-15
// This program demonstrates an array being passed to a function.
void showValues(int []); // Function prototype
void main(void)
{
int set1[8] = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40};
int set2[8] = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16};
showValues(set1);
cout << endl;
showValues(set2);
}
//***********************************************
// This function accepts an array of 8 integers *
// as its argument. The contents of the array *
// is displayed. *
//***********************************************
void showValues(int nums[])
{
}

57
Edition
Program Output
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

58
Edition
Program 7-16
// This program uses a function that can display the contents
// of an integer array of any size.
void showValues(int [], int); // Function prototype
void main(void)
{
int set1[8] = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40};
int set2[4] = {2, 4, 6, 8};
int set3[12] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
showValues(set1, 8);
cout << endl;
cout << endl;
}

59
Edition
Program continues
//***********************************************
// This function displays the contents of the *
// array passed into nums. The value passed *
// into elements is the number of elements in *
// the nums array. *
//***********************************************
void showValues(int nums[], int elements)
{
for (int index = 0; index < elements; index++)
}

60
Edition
Program Output
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
2 4 6 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

61
Edition
Program 7-17
// This program uses a function that doubles the contents of
// the elements within an array.
void doubleArray(int [], int); // Function prototype
const int arraySize = 12;
void main(void)
{
int set[arraySize] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12};
cout << "The arrays values are:n";
for (int index = 0; index < arraySize; index++)
cout << set[index] << " ";
cout << endl;
doubleArray(set, arraySize);
cout << "After calling doubleArray, the values are:n";

62
Edition
Program continues
for (int index = 0; index < arraySize; index++)
cout << set[index] << " ";
cout << endl;
}
//**************************************************
// Definition of function doubleArray. *
// This function doubles the value of each element *
// in the array passed into nums. *
// The value passed into size is the number of *
// elements in the nums array. *
//**************************************************
void doubleArray(int nums[], int size)
{
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
nums[index] *= 2;
}

63
Edition
Program Output
The array values are:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
After calling doubleArray, the values are:
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

64
Edition
7.10 Two-dimensional Arrays
• A two-dimensional array is like several
identical arrays put together. It is useful for
storing multiple sets of data.

65
Edition
Program 7-18
// This program demonstrates a two-dimensional array.
void main(void)
{
float sales[3][4]; // 2D array, 3 rows and 4
columns.
float totalSales = 0; // To hold the total sales.
int dir, qtr; // Loop counters.

66
Edition
Program continues
cout << "This program will calculate the total sales ofn";
cout << "all the company's divisions.n";
cout << "Enter the following sales information:nn";
// Nested loops to fill the array with quarterly
// sales figures for each division.
for (div = 0; div < 3; div++)
{
for (qtr = 0; qtr < 4; qtr++)
{
cout << "Division " << (div + 1);
cout << ", Quarter " << (qtr + 1) << ": $";
cin >> sales[div][qtr];
}
cout << endl; // Print blank line.
}

67
Edition
Program continues
// Nested loops to add all the elements.
for (div = 0; div < 3; div++)
for (qtr = 0; qtr < 4; qtr++)
totalSales += sales[div][qtr];
cout.precision(2);
cout << "The total sales for the company are: $";
cout << totalSales << endl;
}

68
Edition
This program will calculate the total sales of
all the company's divisions.
Enter the following sales information:
Division 1, Quarter 1: $31569.45 [Enter]

69
Edition
Output continues
The total sales for the company are: $456782.34

70
Edition
Passing Two-dimensional Arrays to
Functions
• When a two-dimensional array is
passed to a function, the parameter
type must contain a size declarator for
the number of columns.

71
Edition
7.11 Arrays of Strings
• A two-dimensional array of characters can
be used as an array of C-strings.

72
Edition
Program 7-20
// It uses a two-dimensional character array to hold the
// names of the months and an int array to hold the number
// of days.
void main(void)
{
char months[12][10] = {"January", "February", "March",
"April", "May", "June",
"July", "August", "September”,
"October", "November","December"};
int days[12] = { 31, 28, 31, 30,
31, 30, 31, 31,
30, 31, 30, 31};
{
cout << months[count] << " has ";
}
}

73
Edition
Program 7-20 (continued)
Program Output
January has 31 days.
February has 28 days.
March has 31 days.
April has 30 days.
May has 31 days.
June has 30 days.
July has 31 days.
August has 31 days.
September has 30 days.
October has 31 days.
November has 30 days.
December has 31 days.

74
Edition
Three Dimensional Arrays and
Beyond
• C++ allows you to create arrays with
virtually any number of dimensions.
• Here is an example of a three-dimensional
array declaration:
float seat[3][5][8];

75
Edition
7.14 Introduction to the STL
vector
• The Standard Template Library (or STL) is
a collection of data types and algorithms
that you may use in your programs. These
data types and algorithms are programmer-
defined. They are not part of the C++
language, but were created in addition to
the built-in data types.

76
Edition
vector
• The data types that are defined in the STL
are commonly called containers, because
they store and organize data.
• There are two types of containers in the
STL: sequence containers and associative
containers.
• The vector data type is a sequence
container.

77
Edition
vector
• A vector is like an array in the following
ways:
– A vector holds a sequence of values, or
elements.
– A vector stores its elements in contiguous
memory locations.
– You can use the array subscript operator [] to
read the individual elements in the vector

78
Edition
vector
• However, a vector offers several
advantages over arrays. Here are just a few:
– You do not have to declare the number of
elements that the vector will have.
– If you add a value to a vector that is already
full, the vector will automatically increase its
size to accommodate the new value.
– vectors can report the number of elements
they contain.

79
Edition
Declaring a vector
• To use vectors in your program, you must
first #include the vector header file with
the following statement:
#include <vector>
Note: There is no .h at the end of the file
name.

80
Edition
Declaring a vector
• The next step is to include the following
statement after your #include statements:
using namespace std;
The STL uses namespaces to organize the
names of its data types and algorithms.

81
Edition
Declaring a vector
• Now you are ready to declare an actual
vector object. Here is an example:
vector<int> numbers;
The statement above declares numbers as
a vector of ints.

82
Edition
Declaring a vector
• You can declare a starting size, if you
prefer. Here is an example:
vector<int> numbers(10);
The statement above declares numbers as
a vector of 10 ints.

83
Edition
Other examples of vector
Declarations
Declaration Format Description
vector<float> amounts; Declares amounts as an empty vector
of floats.
vector<int> scores(15); Declares scores as a vector of 15
ints.
vector<char> letters(25, 'A'); Declares letters as a vector of 25
characters. Each element is initialized
with 'A'.
vector<double> values2(values1); Declares values2 as a vector of
doubles. All the elements of values1,
which also a vector of doubles, are
copied to value2.

84
Edition
Storing and Retrieving Values in
a vector
• To store a value in an element that already
exists in a vector, you may use the array
subscript operator [].

85
Edition
Program 7-23
// This program stores, in two vectors, the hours worked by 5
// employees, and their hourly pay rates.
#include <vector> // Needed to declare vectors
void main(void)
{
vector<int> hours(5); // Declare a vector of 5 integers
vector<float> payRate(5); // Declare a vector of 5 floats
cout << "Enter the hours worked by 5 employees and theirn";
cout << "hourly rates.n";
{
cout << "Hours worked by employee #" << (index + 1);
cout << ": ";
cout << (index + 1) << ": ";
cin >> payRate[index];
}

86
Edition
cout.precision(2);
{
}
}

87
Edition
Program Output with Example Input Shown in Bold
Enter the hours worked by 5 employees and their
hourly rates.
Hours worked by employee #1: 10 [Enter]
Employee #1: $97.50

88
Edition
Using the push_back Member
Function
• You cannot use the [] operator to access a
vector element that does not exist.
• To store a value in a vector that does not
have a starting size, or is already full, use
the push_back member function. Here is
an example:
numbers.push_back(25);

89
Edition
Program 7-24
// This program stores, in two vectors, the hours worked by a specified
// number of employees, and their hourly pay rates.
#include <vector> // Needed to declare vectors
void main(void)
{
vector<int> hours; // hours is an empty vector
vector<float> payRate; // payRate is an empty vector
int numEmployees; // The number of employees
cout << "How many employees do you have? ";
cin >> numEmployees;
cout << "Enter the hours worked by " << numEmployees;
cout << " employees and their hourly rates.n";

90
Edition
for (int index = 0; index < numEmployees; index++)
{
int tempHours; // To hold the number of hours entered
float tempRate; // To hold the payrate entered
cout << "Hours worked by employee #" << (index + 1);
cout << ": ";
cin >> tempHours;
hours.push_back(tempHours); // Add an element to hours
cout << (index + 1) << ": ";
cin >> tempRate;
payRate.push_back(tempRate); // Add an element to payRate
}
cout.precision(2);
for (index = 0; index < numEmployees; index++)
{
}
}

91
Edition
How many employees do you have? 3 [Enter]
Enter the hours worked by 3 employees and their hourly rates.
Employee #3: $1019.25

92
Edition
Determining the Size of a
vector
• Unlike arrays, vectors can report the number of elements
they contain. This is accomplished with the size member
function. Here is an example of a statement that uses the
size member function:
numValues = set.size();
• In the statement above, assume that numValues is an
int, and set is a vector. After the statement executes,
numValues will contain the number of elements in the
vector set.

93
Edition
Determining the Size of a
vector
• Example:
void showValues(vector<int> vect)
{
for (int count = 0; count < vect.size(); count++)
cout << vect[count] << endl;
}

94
Edition
Program 7-25
// This program demonstrates the vector size
// member function.
#include <vector>
// Function prototype
void showValues(vector<int>);
void main(void)
{
vector<int> values;
values.push_back(count * 2);
showValues(values);
}

95
Edition
//**************************************************
// This function accepts an int vector as its *
// argument. The value of each of the vector's *
// elements is displayed. *
//**************************************************
void showValues(vector<int> vect)
{
cout << vect[count] << endl;
}

96
Edition
Program Output
0
2
4
6
8
10
12

97
Edition
Removing Elements from a
vector
• Use the pop_back member function to
remove the last element from a vector.
collection.pop_back();
The statement above removes the last
element from the collection vector.

98
Edition
Program 7-26
// This program demosntrates the vector size member function.
#include <vector>
void main(void)
{
vector<int> values;
// Store values in the vector
values.push_back(1);
cout << "The size of values is " << values.size() << endl;
// Remove a value from the vector
cout << "Popping a value from the vector...n";
values.pop_back();
cout << "The size of values is now " << values.size() << endl;

99
Edition
// Now remove another value from the vector
values.pop_back();
// Remove the last value from the vector
values.pop_back();
}
Program Output
The size of values is 3
Popping a value from the vector...
The size of values is now 2

100
Edition
Clearing a vector
• To completely clear the contents of a
vector, use the clear member function.
Here is an example:
numbers.clear();
After the statement above executes, the
numbers vector will be cleared of all its
elements.

101
Edition
Program 7-27
// This program demosntrates the vector size member function.
#include <vector>
void main(void)
{
vector<int> values(100);
cout << "The values vector has “
<< values.size() << " elements.n";
cout << "I will call the clear member function...n";
values.clear();
cout << "Now, the values vector has “
<< values.size() << " elements.n";
}

102
Edition
Program Output
The values vector has 100 elements.
I will call the clear member function...
Now, the values vector has 0 elements.

103
Edition
Detecting an Empty vector
• To determine if a vector is empty, use the
empty member function. The function
returns true if the vector is empty, and
false if the vector has elements stored
in it. Here is an example of its use:
if (set.empty())
cout << "No values in set.n";

104
Edition
Program 7-28
// This program demosntrates the vector's empty member function.
#include <vector>
// Function prototype
float avgVector(vector<int>);
void main(void)
{
vector<int> values;
int numValues;
float average;
cout << "How many values do you wish to average? ";
cin >> numValues;

105
Edition
for (int count = 0; count < numValues; count++)
{
int tempValue;
cout << "Enter a value: ";
cin >> tempValue;
values.push_back(tempValue);
}
average = avgVector(values);
cout << "Average: " << average << endl;
}
//*************************************************************
// Definition of function avgVector. *
// This function accepts an int vector as its argument. If *
// the vector contains values, the function returns the *
// average of those values. Otherwise, an error message is *
// displayed and the function returns 0.0. *
//*************************************************************

106
Edition
float avgVector(vector<int> vect)
{
int total = 0; // accumulator
float avg; // average
if (vect.empty()) // Determine if the vector is empty
{
cout << "No values to average.n";
avg = 0.0;
}
else
{
total += vect[count];
avg = total / vect.size();
}
return avg;
}

107
Edition
How many values do you wish to average?
Enter a value: 12
Enter a value: 18
Enter a value: 3
Enter a value: 7
Enter a value: 9
Average: 9
How many values do you wish to average? 0
No values to average.
Average: 0

108
Edition
Summary of vector Member
Functions
Member Function Description
at(element) Returns the value of the element located at element in the
vector.
Example:
x = vect.at(5);
The statement above assigns the value of the 5th
element of
vect to x.
capacity() Returns the maximum number of elements that may be stored
in the vector without additional memory being allocated.
(This is not the same value as returned by the size member
function).
Example:
x = vect.capacity();
The statement above assigns the capacity of vect to x.

109
Edition
Functions
clear() Clears a vector of all its elements.
Example:
vect.clear();
The statement above removes all the elements from vect.
empty() Returns true if the vector is empty. Otherwise, it returns false.
Example:
if (vect.empty())
cout << "The vector is empty.";
The statement above displays the message if vect is empty.
pop_back() Removes the last element from the vector.
Example:
vect.pop_back();
The statement above removes the last element of vect, thus
reducing its size by 1.

110
Edition
Functions
push_back(value) Stores a value in the last element of the vector. If the vector is
full or empty, a new element is created.
Example:
vect.push_back(7);
The statement above stores 7 in the last element of vect.
reverse() Reverses the order of the elements in the vector (the last
element becomes the first element, and the first element
becomes the last element.)
Example:
vect.reverse();
The statement above reverses the order of the element in
vect.
resize(elements,
value)
Resizes a vector by elements elements. Each of the new
elements is initialized with the value in value.
Example:
vect.resize(5, 1);
The statement above increases the size of vect by 5
elements. The 5 new elements are initialized to the value 1.

111
Edition
Functions
swap(vector2) Swaps the contents of the vector with the contents of vector2.
Example:
vect1.swap(vect2);
The statement above swaps the contents of vect1 and
vect2.

Ch7

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