Nurse practitioner in critical care:- Advanced practice nursing( ch.1 Global Health Care Challenges and Trends )

1. Global Health Care Challenges
and Trends
Submitted by :
Komal dagar
Roll no. 402
NPCC(Nurse practitioner in critical care) 1st year

2. HEALTH:- “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being,
not merely an absence of disease and informity’’ [Acc. to WHO]
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH:- It refers to the inter-related health status of
people throughout the world and to efforts to improve the health of all people of
every country.
GLOBAL HEALTH:- “ The area of study, research and practice that places a
priority on improving health and achieving equality in health for all.
GLOBAL HEALTH CARE CHALLENGES:- i.e. care of health of people
internationally.

3. GLOBAL HEALTH CARE CHALLANGES
i. Fragile and vulnerable settings
ii. Animal Health, food sourcing and supply
iii. Non communicable diseases
iv. Antimicrobial resistance
v. Global pandemic
vi. Economic disparities and access to health care
vii. Environmental problems including air pollution and climate changes
Trick:-
FANAGEE

4. 1. Fragile and vulnerable settings
• Drought, famine, conflict,
population displacement and weak
health services leave vulnerable
group (child & maternal) without
access to basic care.
• More than 1.6 billion people (22%
of global population) live in
places where protracted crisis
present.

5. 2. Animal Health, food sourcing and supply
• Animal health is naturally inter-related with
humans.
• Their connection occurs within the food chains, as
human grow, process and consume food on large
scale.
• Agriculture practices including Irrigation,
pesticides use and waste management can influence
animal health and also leads to disease transmission
by food supply chain.
• Pathogens originating from animals or animal
products playing such a significant role in disease
transmission.

6. 3. Non communicable diseases
• Non communicable diseases are like-
Diabetes, Cancer, Heart disease.
• Cause over 70% of all world wide death.
• 15 million premature death (age :-30 to
69yrs)
• Major reason to rise of these disease:- 5
main risk factors such as tobacco use,
physical inactivity, harmful use of
alcohol, unhealthy diet, air pollution

7. 4. Antimicrobial resistance
• Antimicrobial resistance happens when
germs like bacteria , fungi etc. develop
the ability to defeat the drugs designed to
kill them i.e. germs are not killed and
continue to grow.
• So, this could be a global threat to public
health.
• WHO founds antibiotic resistance for E.
coli. Bacteria , which causes problems
such as meningitis and infections of the
skin, blood and kidney.

8. 5. Global pandemic
Pandemics are global disease outbreaks. e.g: HIV,
Influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS), Ebola and other viral threats that reflect
our Vulnerability to widespread diseases - many of
which originate in animal.
Every year there are newly emerging pandemic
threats that can't be solved and diagnosing
symptoms may only occur after an individual is
already affected/infected.
These problems/issues can be minimised by health
education, responsible agriculture practices and the
issues that cause viruses to spread.

9. 6. Economic disparities and access to health care
Despite changing progress in the field of medicines,
in communities across the world still have lack
access to basic health education and health care.
Due to these lack of facilities of health people
/communities may have to face STD, High child
mortality rates and basic nutrition lack.
So these issues could be alleviated by reducing
unfair treatment.
Some of these disparities are related to geography
with rural communities facing the greatest shortage
of physicians.
Other disparities includes income inequality i.e.
simply unable to afford health care.

10. 7. Environmental problems including air pollution
and climate changes
• According to WHO, Air pollution
is a greatest environmental risk.
• 9/10 people breath polluted air
everyday.
• Burning fossil fuel- a major
contributor to climate change

11. GLOBAL HEALTH CARE TRENDS
• Cost( either high cost is not affordable by poor people)
• Pay
• Approaches(people who have high approaches can get care with an ease than those who
doesn’t have high approaches)
• Access(due to lack access of better instruments ,people are not getting complete treatment)
• Structure
• These are common factors which affect health care in a wide range and that’s why they
become trends under health care.
• There are some major health care trends on a globe level.
Trick:-C-PAAS

12. • So, major health care trends on a global level are:-
i. Internet of medical things(IOMT’s)
ii. Wearable gadgets
iii. Artificial intelligence
iv. Sustainable costs
v. Transparency in health care
vi. Electronic health record(EHR)
vii. Digital health
Trick :- I-WASTED

13. 1. Internet of medical things(IOMT’s)
• In the upcoming years, it is
anticipated that many healthcare
providers will adopt IoT based
asset tracking and inventory
management system in hospitals.
• This is expected to improve
patients safety, staff satisfaction
and operational efficiency.

14. 2. Wearable gadgets
• The another technology that has come up
i.e. wearable medical devices that collects
data anytime and anywhere.
• They are sensor based accessories that are
designed to help people become active, eat
well and sleep better etc.
• These fitness or wearable devices are
available in several forms like watches,
footwear, chest strap and sensible glasses.

15. • It will manage patients heart rate, blood pressure and blood sugar levels to
name a few.
• It will also prevent and maintain their life as well as reduce trips to the
doctor and save money.
• The health care industry in India is ahead of many industries and has tested
the capabilities of technology to improve services, knowledge,
communication, outcomes, quality and efficiency.
• Healthcare industry in India need to adapt to these changes in order to
deliver the best health outcomes.

16. 3. Artificial intelligence
• The artificial intelligence was
adopted and used in medical field
to make the health care ecosystem
more organised.
• The artificial intelligence will help
in solving many problems of the
patients, doctor, hospitals as well
as the overall industry.

17. • Earlier patients did not have appropriate information about the right doctor,
hospital and treatment .Now with the help of artificial intelligence based
applications people can directly talk to doctors, physician and expertise for the
best treatment.
• More ever patient usually needs their medical records, files every time,
however with the help of artificial intelligence based electronic medical record
system they can access data anytime.

18. 4. Sustainable costs
• Sustainable cost i.e. the cost
which full fill the need of current
generation (eg. Zero waste )
without compromising the need of
future generation.
• India's health care costs is among
the world is lowest but vast of
majority of citizens still cannot
afford it in India.

19. • For eg. One cycle of chemotherapy and radiation therapy at AIIMS Cancer
centre costs just 750 rs. But 40% of those who are getting treatment there
cannot afford it.
• According to World Bank data 99% of India's population cannot afford the
services .
• Each year, 39 million people are pushed into poverty by out of pocket
payment for healthcare.

20. 5. Transparency in health care
• It will drive positive patient
outcomes and greater satisfaction.
• There is the need of transparency
has become the most vital
component in the health care
industry.

21. • Patient must avail their rights to their prescribed treatment, medical record
and history .
• The patient can provide their identification number like mobile number or
Aadhar card to check information online such as prescribed medicines, tests
and doctor's information all at one place from anywhere.
• They can also contact doctor's and physicians through video call to ensure
that the correct procedure are carried out.

22. 6. Electronic health record(EHR)
• Electronic health record is a digital
version of patients paper chart .
• EHR are real time, patient centred
records that make information available
instantly and securely to authorised users.
• EHR are a vital part of health and it can
contain a patient's medical history,
diagnosis, medications, allergies,
treatment plans, radiology images,
immunization dates, laboratory and test
results.

23. • One of the key features of an electronic health record is that health
information can be created and managed by authorised providers in a
digital format capable of being shared with other providers across more
than one healthcare organisation.
• Benefits of electronic health record:-
Improve care coordination
Improve patient care
Increase patient participation
Improve diagnosis and patient outcome
Practice efficiency and cost savings

24. 7. Digital health
• Digital health includes categories such as
 mobile health or m health (practice of
medicine and public health supported by
mobile devices),
 health information technology (it
involves the processing, storage and
exchange of health information in an
electronic environment) ,
 wearable devices (these are the products
that controlled by electronic component
eg. fitness tracker ) ,

25.  tele health (connect patient to vital health care services through video conferencing,
remote monitoring, electronic consult and wireless communication ) and
 tele medicine (it is remote delivery of health care service such as health
assessments or consultations over the telecommunication) and
personalised medicine.
• Digital health care providers and other stake holders are using digital health
technology in their efforts:-
 to reduce inefficiencies,
make decision more personalized for patients,
 improve access,
reduce cost ,
increase quality