C&h in eog
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The document summarizes key aspects of early Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations between 2750 BC and the Old Testament period. It notes that the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed systems of agriculture, mathematics, architecture like ziggurats, law codes, governments, and writing in cuneiform. Egypt built along the Nile River and had hieroglyphic writing, a culture focused on the afterlife through mummification and tombs, and was divided into the Old, Middle and New Kingdoms. Both civilizations greatly influenced later religions like Judaism.
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2.2 - Early Egypt
Early Egypt was located along the fertile Nile River valley. The deserts and predictable Nile floods allowed Egyptian civilization to develop in relative isolation. Major periods included the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom. Egyptians made advances in math, astronomy, medicine, and built the iconic pyramids and mummies as part of their religion which emphasized an afterlife. The Rosetta Stone, discovered in 1799, was instrumental in deciphering hieroglyphs and providing insight into Egyptian history and culture.
2.2 early egypt
Early Egypt was located along the fertile Nile River valley. The geography of being isolated by deserts allowed Egyptian civilization to develop independently. Major periods included the Old Kingdom where the pyramids were built, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom. The Rosetta Stone, discovered in 1799, was instrumental in deciphering hieroglyphs as it had inscriptions in both hieroglyphs and Greek. It unlocked the ability to read ancient Egyptian texts and inscriptions. Egypt is now seeking the return of artifacts like the Rosetta Stone from foreign museums where they were taken during colonial times.
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Ancient Egypt lasted over 3,500 years due to factors such as its stable geography, politics, social structure, education, economy, and religion. The Nile River was considered the "soul" of Egypt as it provided fertile land and was central to their religious beliefs about the afterlife. Pharaohs ruled as absolute divine leaders, believing they embodied the god Horus, which helped maintain political stability. Key events included the unification of Egypt, construction of pyramids, rise of Amon-Ra as the national god, and the eventual conquest by foreign powers.
Quick review first civilizations
The document discusses the origins and development of early human civilizations. It notes that early humans originated in Africa and spread across the globe as nomadic hunter-gatherers. The first civilizations emerged around 5000 years ago along major river valleys, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China. These civilizations developed organized governments, social hierarchies, religion, art, and systems of writing.
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Ancient Egypt relied on the annual flooding of the Nile River for agriculture and civilization. The Egyptians had a polytheistic religion and mummified important people like pharaohs. Their system of hieroglyphic writing was developed around 3000 BC and helped reveal secrets of Egyptian culture when translated with the Rosetta Stone. Major achievements included building large pyramids as tombs for pharaohs, with the largest at Giza covering 13 acres using over 2 million stones weighing 2-5 tons each.
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Ancient Egypt developed along the fertile Nile River valley. Around 3000 BCE, King Narmer united Upper and Lower Egypt, establishing the first dynasty. Subsequent pharaohs and their dynasties constructed grand pyramids and other monumental structures, including the iconic Great Pyramids of Giza. The Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms rose and fell as power shifted between different ruling families and the capital moved from Memphis to Thebes. Key figures like Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, and Akhenaten expanded Egyptian influence while also introducing religious innovations. The New Kingdom represented a cultural and economic peak before external forces contributed to Egypt's gradual decline.
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A. The Indus River Valley civilization developed an advanced urban society with carefully planned cities along the Indus River between 2500-1500 BCE.
B. The Aryans later invaded and conquered the Indus Valley, establishing the Hindu caste system and Sanskrit language. Hinduism and Buddhism both originated in the region.
C. Hinduism focused on dharma, karma, and achieving moksha through reincarnation. Buddhism, founded by Siddhartha Gautama, taught that suffering can be ended by eliminating desire through meditation and following the Eightfold Path.
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Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. It comprised four regions - Sumer, Akkad, Babylonia, and Assyria. The Sumerians developed the first civilization in Mesopotamia around 2500 BC. King Sargon of Akkad later conquered the Sumerian city-states and formed the first empire. The Babylonians then became dominant, with King Hammurabi issuing one of the first legal codes. Mesopotamian civilization was characterized by its system of laws, social hierarchy with the king and priests at the top, agricultural economy based on irrigation, use of temples as banks, belief in many gods,
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2.2 early egypt
Early Egypt was located along the fertile Nile River valley. The geography of being isolated by deserts allowed Egyptian civilization to develop independently. Major periods included the Old Kingdom where the pyramids were built, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom. The Rosetta Stone, discovered in 1799, was instrumental in deciphering hieroglyphs as it had inscriptions in both hieroglyphs and Greek. It unlocked the ability to read ancient Egyptian texts and inscriptions. Egypt is now seeking the return of artifacts like the Rosetta Stone from foreign museums where they were taken during colonial times.
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Ancient Egypt lasted over 3,500 years due to factors such as its stable geography, politics, social structure, education, economy, and religion. The Nile River was considered the "soul" of Egypt as it provided fertile land and was central to their religious beliefs about the afterlife. Pharaohs ruled as absolute divine leaders, believing they embodied the god Horus, which helped maintain political stability. Key events included the unification of Egypt, construction of pyramids, rise of Amon-Ra as the national god, and the eventual conquest by foreign powers.
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Ancient Egypt relied on the annual flooding of the Nile River for agriculture and civilization. The Egyptians had a polytheistic religion and mummified important people like pharaohs. Their system of hieroglyphic writing was developed around 3000 BC and helped reveal secrets of Egyptian culture when translated with the Rosetta Stone. Major achievements included building large pyramids as tombs for pharaohs, with the largest at Giza covering 13 acres using over 2 million stones weighing 2-5 tons each.
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Ancient Egypt developed along the fertile Nile River valley. Around 3000 BCE, King Narmer united Upper and Lower Egypt, establishing the first dynasty. Subsequent pharaohs and their dynasties constructed grand pyramids and other monumental structures, including the iconic Great Pyramids of Giza. The Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms rose and fell as power shifted between different ruling families and the capital moved from Memphis to Thebes. Key figures like Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, and Akhenaten expanded Egyptian influence while also introducing religious innovations. The New Kingdom represented a cultural and economic peak before external forces contributed to Egypt's gradual decline.
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Without the Nile, the rise of Egypt as one of the oldest civilization would not be possible. Travellers to Egypt would be surprise to find the desert is never very far from the Nile. The predictable cycle of flooding of the Nile was a blessing, a major factor to enable civilization to put down its roots in Egypt. This presentation can only give you a briefest of all introductions. It touches upon the deep rooted origin of the Egyptian civilization, it sketches all the important monuments and marks major turning points in their history for its 3000 years of existence. After centuries later, its people disappeared. It civilization forgotten. Though the ruins of their monument and in particular their writing, we began to rediscover their world again, their people, their culture, their religion and their history. We know a lot about their ancient Egypt, perhaps more than others civilization of the time, because they left us with a lot of records in writing. What we have found are fascinations, a human ascend in our long journey to civilization
Egypt: The Kingdom Along the Nile
- Egypt was unified around 3100 BC under King Narmer (also known as Menes), who conquered Upper and Lower Egypt and established the first dynasty. This began a period of stability and centralized rule under divine pharaohs that lasted over 3,000 years.
- The Nile River provided highly predictable flooding that made the land fertile and facilitated Egypt's isolation, uniform culture, and political stability. Egyptians developed a complex religion, burial customs, hieroglyphic writing system, and constructed large pyramids and temples.
- Egyptian society was highly stratified with the pharaoh as a god-king at the top. After death, individuals underwent mummification to preserve their body for the after
The ancient Egypt
1. Ancient Egypt grew around the Nile River, which flooded annually and provided fertile land. Egypt was divided into Upper and Lower Egypt.
2. Around 3100 BC, King Menes unified Upper and Lower Egypt, beginning Egypt's civilization. Major periods included the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. The pharaoh ruled as both political and religious leader.
3. Egyptian society was divided into classes like nobles, merchants, and peasants. Agriculture along the Nile supported the economy, while arts, mathematics, and religion also flourished under important gods like Ra, Osiris, and Horus.
Birth of civilization
This document provides an overview of the emergence and development of early civilizations. It discusses how approximately 10,000 years ago, humans began cultivating plants and herding animals, allowing some to live sedentary lives. Around 5,000 years ago, humans learned to control river waters, enabling richer harvests and population growth. The earliest civilizations formed in river valleys, inventing practices like writing, metalworking, cities, complex religions, and social hierarchies. The document then examines specific early civilizations like the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Israelites in greater detail.
Mesopotamia y egipto
The document summarizes the river civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt. Mesopotamia arose between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the 4th millennium BC and was divided into the regions of Assyria and Babylonia. Egyptian civilization developed along the Nile River around 3100 BC when King Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt. Both civilizations had hierarchical societies led by kings or pharaohs and supported by priests, nobles, scribes, peasants, and artisans. They made advances in architecture, art, religion, and other areas and both believed in life after death, practicing mummification in Egypt and burial rituals in Mesopotamia.
Egypt
The Egyptian civilization was shaped by its geography along the Nile River. The yearly flooding of the Nile provided fertile soil for agriculture and determined Egypt's agricultural cycle. Egyptian society was highly stratified, with the pharaoh as the absolute ruler considered a living god. Religion permeated all aspects of Egyptian life. The Egyptians built massive pyramids and temples out of stone as burial monuments and places of worship. Hieroglyphic writing and mummification of the dead were other defining aspects of ancient Egyptian culture. Over time, foreign powers like the Persians, Greeks, and Romans came to control Egypt, culminating in the Arab conquest in 639 CE that marked the end of ancient Egyptian civilization.
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq, was the site of some of the earliest human civilizations. Sumerians settled there around 3500 BCE and developed innovations like irrigation systems, the wheel, writing in the form of cuneiform script, and the concept of cities with religious temples called ziggurats. Subsequent civilizations like the Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians expanded on these foundations, with the Babylonians instituting an influential legal code under King Hammurabi. Though power shifted between groups, Mesopotamia represented the birthplace of many cultural advances that shaped later societies.
Early civilisations
Mesopotamia and Egypt were early civilizations that emerged around 6000 BC along major river valleys, developing irrigation, cities, social hierarchy, governments, and early forms of writing. Mesopotamia emerged between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in an area known as the Fertile Crescent. Early civilizations like Sumer and Akkad developed, and empires like Babylon and Assyria rose and fell over time in Mesopotamia before it was conquered by Persia. Mesopotamian culture included polytheistic religions centered around temples, advances in math, astronomy, and medicine, and architectural achievements like ziggurats and palaces built from mudbricks and decorated
Complex Civilizations
The document discusses several complex ancient civilizations and their contributions, including:
- The Phoenicians developed the first alphabet which directly influenced later Western scripts.
- The Israelites created Judaism, one of the three Abrahamic religions, and their history is chronicled in the Hebrew Bible.
- Hammurabi established one of the earliest legal codes and advanced mathematics and literature in ancient Babylon.
- Ancient Egyptians developed a centralized government, religious beliefs, and built the pyramids and Sphinx. Their view of the afterlife and role of the pharaoh changed over time.
Egypt
Ancient Egypt emerged along the fertile banks of the Nile River around 6,000 years ago. Egyptian society was highly stratified, with the pharaoh as absolute ruler at the top. Common people worked as peasants farming the land or as craftsmen and merchants in cities, while scribes and priests comprised the privileged upper class. Egyptians mummified their dead and built elaborate tombs and temples, leaving behind artifacts that provide insight into their religious and cultural practices today.
Egyptian civilizations
The document provides an overview of ancient Egyptian civilizations from around 5000 BCE to 525 BCE. It describes the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under King Narmer in 3100 BCE, marking the beginning of Egyptian history. The history is then divided into major periods - the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom. Key aspects of each period are highlighted, including political structures, architecture like pyramids and temples, sculpture, and religious beliefs. Figures like Akhenaten who challenged traditions and the discovery of King Tut's intact tomb are also mentioned. Music and its social aspects in ancient Egypt are briefly covered at the end.
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C&h in eog
- 1. Gilgamesh King of Uruk 2750 B.C.
- 3. MESOPOTAMIA IN SOUTHWEST ASIA EGYPT IN UPPER AFRICA
- 4. Agriculture Scientific and mathematical knowledge Architectural advancements Legal systems Forms of government (independent city-states) Writing systems (Cuneiform & Hieroglyphs) Religious systems (Judaism)
- 6. IT REFERS TO THE EUPHRATES AGRICULTURALLY RICH LAND & TIGRIS RIVERS BETWEEN THOSE 2 RIVERS
- 7. What type of buildings were Sumerians known for? Ziggurats: 1. Pyramid-like temples not tombs 2. Layered like wedding cakes 3. Probably brightly colored 4. Usually a flat top as opposed to the apex that pyramids had
- 9. (a) City-states Code of Hammurabi: 282 laws for life (b) The Babylonians-gate of Ishtar
- 10. The Assyrians conquered the Babylonians but preserved their writings and those of the Sumerians
- 11. King Nebuchadnezzar created the hanging gardens of Babylon-1 of the 7 wonders of the world. The other 6 wonders were: 2. Statue of Zeus at Olympia 3. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus 4. Mausoleum of Halicarnassus 5. Colossus of Rhodes 6. Lighthouse of Alexandria 7. The Great Pyramid of Giza (only one that survives)
- 12. The Nile River Reeds were used to make Papyrus
- 13. Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom
- 15. Hieroglyphs: pictures The Cult of the Dead: mummification, represented ideas elaborate tombs etc.
- 17. EGYPT BABYLON
- 18. OBEY THE DIVINE LAWS INCLUDING ARE MONOTHEISTS WHO BELIEVE IN THE TEN COMMANDMENTS AS ONE GOD, YAHWEH. TERMS OF THE COVENANT.