The document discusses the movements and features of Earth and objects in its sky. It describes how Earth's rotation causes day and night and its revolution around the sun causes seasons. It also outlines the composition and importance of the atmosphere, properties of the sun like generating solar energy, how the moon's shape changes due to reflected light from the sun, and how stars like the North Star were used for navigation and form constellations.

1. THE EARTH AND BEYOND

2. MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH
The movements of Earth are of two types
Rotation
Revolution
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3. ROTATION OF THE EARTH
 The movement of the Earth on its axis is
called Rotation.
 The axis is the tilted imaginary line which
runs through the Centre of the Earth.
 The Rotation of the Earth causes day and
night.
 The Earth rotates from west to east.
 It takes 24 hours to make a complete round.
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4. ROTATION OF THE EARTH
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5. REVOLUTION OF THE EARTH
 Planets move around the sun in a fixed path called Orbit.
 Each planet has its own orbit and takes its own time
to complete one revolution around the sun.
 This time depends on the planet's distance from the sun.
 The Earth takes about 365 days and 6 hours to make
one revolution around the sun.
 Revolution of the Earth causes seasons.
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6. REVOLUTION OF THE EARTH
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7. REVOLUTION OF THE EARTH
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8. SEASONS
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 We observer changes in the seasons throughout the year.
 It is warm and sunny, during summer.
 It is wet, during rainy season.
 It is cold and dark, during winter season.
 The revolution of the Earth around the sun causes these changes.
 The Portion of the Earth tilted towards the sun gets more heat and light and
has summer.
 The other part of the Earth receives less sunlight and heat and has winter.

9. SEASONS
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10. ATMOSPHERE
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 The Atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds the Earth.
 The air we breathe is present in the atmosphere.
 The atmosphere has the right temperature which makes the
Earth neither too hot nor too cold, making it fit for us to live.
SUN
 The Sun is powerful source of energy.
 The energy generated from sunlight is called Solar energy.
 Plants make food with the help of sunlight.
 It is used for heating water, cooking, drying products and
generating electricity.

11. MOON
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 The Moon is the Earth's only natural satellite.
The moon changes its shape every day? Why?
 This is because the moon does not have light of its own. It
reflects the light from the sun.
 As the moon revolves around the Earth, only that part of the
moon which faces the sun receives light and reflects it.
 We can see only this part from the Earth.
 The part that is away from the sun stays in darkness and we
cannot see it.

12. MOON
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13. .

15. STARS
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 Stars are the huge balls of fire and gases.
 The sun is a star.
 Many years ago, sailors used to find the direction with the help
of a bright star called the Pole star or North star.
 This star helped the sailors in finding the north direction which
is almost straight above the Earth's North pole.
 Some group of stars form different patterns in the sky called
constellations.
 Eg.: Ursa major, Ursa minor, Orion, Draco.

16. STARS
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