Cfe lesson 3 pen

FIRST CERTIFICATE
CLASS
Lesson 3

IT IS A GOOD IDEATO… (feb. 25)

So + adjective (and not “very”)
• So is usually followed by another clause that is
part of the sentence and explains it:
• “Tokyo is so big that it is difficult for tourists to find
their way around.” (feb 10)
• “Arthur is so talented that he could become a
concert pianist.” (Feb. 26)

I’d rather + infinitive without to
• I’d rather (not) call off (cancel) the meeting (feb.
30)
• I’d rather play a real hero than a super hero

Errors in your essays
• Most people always have thought that…
• Most people have always thought that…
• They help you in your diary life.
• They help you in your daily life.
• Most of the people I know prefer live in the city than…
• Most of the people I know prefer living / to live
• There are more important things than buy clothes.
• There are more important things than buying clothes.
Nominal
ization
To infinitive
or gerund
Vocabulary
Position of
adverbs

Errors in your essays
• You can be more creative for make new games…
• You can be more creative to make new games.
• I think ____ in the country you breathe every day.
• I think that in the country the air is cleaner.
• In my opinion, is better to…
• In my opinion, it is better to…
• The countryside is is peaceful comparing with…
• The countryside is peaceful compared to
Vocabulary
Missing
subject
Coherence and
register
Wrong
preposition

Is this a good introductory paragraph?
• Nowadays, people think that live in the city is the best
option, but it also has advantages.
• However, I am not convinced that live in the country would
be the best place to live
Is this person in
favour of living in
the country or in
the city??????
Possible way to fix it - A middle sentence talking about the advantages
of living in the country

Essay structure: Possibility 1
Paragraph 2:
Pollution
• Cities are more polluted
• But / and…
Paragraph 3:
Public transport
• Public transport is more efficient in cities
• But / and
Paragraph 4:
Meeting new people
and having fun
• It is easier to meet new people in cities
• But / and

Essay structure: Possibility 2
The way I see it
• I like cities more because they offer more opportunities for fun…
• Some people would rather live in the countryside because they are
less polluted
Advantages of
living in the
countryside
• Less Pollution
• Public transport is worse and you avoid traffic jams
Advantages of
living in a city
• Pollution is not that better. What about the chemicals that are used
in farming?
• Public transport facilities allow you to go to concerts…
Conclusion
• Repeat arguments emphasizing that cities are a better option

OTHER / ANOTHER
• Other people think that this is not a good
idea
• I have another idea!
• There are other reasons why this is not a
good idea
• When it comes to other countries, my
opinion is…
• The other day I went to El Corte Inglés
Other + plural
Another * singular

Barcelona
• I will explain you where we are
• I will explain to you where we are
• Explain - After “explain” we use “to” before an indirect
object
• I explained my problema to her
• Can you explain to me how to get to your house

Barcelona
• Concerts  Have, hold, present, put on, stage
• It is where all the artist do their concerts
• The most importants shopping centers in Barcelona are…
• Adjectives never take the plural!!!!!
• That beach is not as beautiful and calm as the others,
because…
• That beach is not as beautiful and calm as the others,
because… No commas before
“because”

Adjectives to express that something
Makes you laugh Is out of the ordinary
Amusing, comical,
funny, hilarious,
humorous, hysterical,
Bizarre, mysterious,
funny, unusual, peculiar,
odd, strange, weird

Vocabulary from page 38
Grumpy
sucker
Entertainer Builder

ADVERBS CAN EXPLAIN
• how much something is the way you are describing + gradable
adj.
• Extremely
• Rather
• Quite
• A bit
• that something is totally the way we are describing + absolute adj.
• Totally
• Completely
• Absolutely
• Utterly
beautiful
Attractive, ugly, dirty, clean, hot, cold, surprised, funny, angry, tired, old, hungry
GORGEOUS
Gorgeous, hideous, filthy, spotless, boiling, freezing, astounded, hilarious,
furious, exhausted, ancient, starving

SIMPLE PAST TENSES
Tense Use Example
Past Simple Past actions I left work at 10:30
Describe a series of
actions or events in the
past
He put on his coat,
switched off the light and
opened the garage.
Past continuous Describe a scene in the
past
It was 3 a.m but the city
wasn’t sleeping. Music
was coming from
countless little bars…
Actions in progress in
the past
What were you doing at
six o’clock last
Saturday?
How an event interrupted
another, longer event
I was having a shower
when the bell rang

SIMPLE PAST TENSES 2
TENSE USE EXAMPLE
Present Perfect Simple Recent events, partic.
When giving news
Maria has just got
married!
Events that started in the
past, continue up to the
present
I have played the guitar
since I was 8 years old.
Recent past events that
have a result in the
present.
My dog has eaten my
homework (so I cannot
hand it in),
Experiences at an
unstated time in the past
I have never tried rock
climbing.

Past tenses 3
Verb tense Use Example
Present Perfect
Continuous
Recent actions or events
that are not necessarily
complete
I have been smoking too
much recently (and this
situation is likely to
continue)
I have smoked too much
recently (and I am
determined to change
that)
To say how long an
action has been in
progress
I have been painting my
room for three hours
Current situation
explained as a recent
event
My shoes are dirty
because I have been
planting in the garden

Past tenses 4
VERB TENSE USE EXAMPLE
Past perfect simple An action or event that
took place before
another one in the past
I had visited many
countries before I got
married.
Past Perfect continuous How long an action has
been in progress, up to a
certain point in the past.
By the age of 40, I had
been waiting in that
company for six years.
To explain a past
situation in terms of
previous events
He was sad because his
girlfriend had been
laughing at him in public.
Habits in the past I used to play football
every day
Describe a situation in
the past that is different
now
He didn’t use to forget
his wedding anniversary.

PREPOSITION MIND MAPS
• WITH
• Agree with
• Deal with
• Be happy with
• Begin with
• Compete with
• ABOUT
• Be excited about
• Be nervous about
• Talk about
• Be sorry about
• Write about
• Boast about
• AT
• Be bad at
• Be good at
• Laugh at
• Guess at / about
• Look at
• Point at
• Arrive at / in
• Shout at
• Smile at
• Wonder at
• THROUGH
• Go through

PREPOSITIONS 2
• TO
• Listen to
• Talk to
• Be used to
• Apologize to
• Be polite to
• Change to
• Invite to
• Go to
• React to
• Belong to
• Appeal to
• OF
• Be scared of
• Be full of
• Be jealous of
• Be afraid of
• Make sense of
• Lose track of
• Be in danger of
• The cause of
• Be frightened of
• Be of the same opinion

PREPOSITIONS 3
• FOR
• The reason for
• Arrange for
• Cater for
• Apologize for
• ON
• Recon on
• Rely on
• TO
• Speak to
• Belong to
• Appeal to
• IN
• Interested in
• Participate In
• Succeed in
• Result in
• BY
• Amazed by
• Amused by
• Excited by
• Thrilled by

MISSING IN ANIMAL MIND MAPS
• A herd of…
• A flock of …
• A pack of

THINGS TO DO ON A HOLIDAY
• Learn a foreign
language
• Have friends round
• Travel abroad
• Go on a journey
• Go to the beach
• Go out with friends
• Go to a music festival
• Go to a concert
• Hang out with friends
• Get tanned

Speaking part 1: exchanging personal
information
• What are your hobbies

Speaking Part 2: Comparing
• In the first photo… but in the second one…
• This picture…. While on the other hand the other
one…
• In comparison with the first photo, this one…
• One similarity is that… / they are similar
because…
• In the picture there is… whereas in this other
there are…
• It looks like both….
• The pictures are different because…

In the first photo… but in the second one…
This picture…. While on the other hand the other one…
In comparison with the first photo, this one…
One similarity is that…
In the picture there is… whereas in this other thre are…

This picture…. While on the other hand the other one…
In the picture there is… whereas in this other there are…

This picture…. While on the other hand the one…
In the picture there is… whereas in this other there are…

This picture…. While on the other hand the one…
In the picture there is… whereas in this other thre are…
Futuristic drawing from the 1930’s

Expressing opinion
• I don’t find __________ very interesting.
• _____ is supposed to be ________
• I’m not really into ________.
• In fact, I don’t really like _______ at all.
• To be honest, __________ (smth) just makes me laugh.
• _______________ are not really my thing.
• I’m a big fan of ____________ (smth)
plays
Really fun
Horror films
Horror movies
Some horror films
Shakespeare films
Speed racing
El brujo

Making suggestions about places to go
• Let’s go to…
• Well, why don’t we (+inf)…
• How does this sound?
• Shall we… (+inf)
• How about… (+inf)?
• I know. What about… (-ing) ?
• I’ve got an idea. We could…
• Do you fancy… (-ing)?
• Would you like to…?
• I suggest… (-ing)
• I suggest we should….
• What if (+ clause)
• That’s an excellent
idea!
• Brilliant!
• I was thinking
exactly that myself.
• That sounds great
• Ok! Let’s do that
I’d rather not.
The problem is…
It’s a good idea,
but…
The only thing is…

Reaching an agreement
• It seems like the best option to me
• If you ask me, I really think we should...
• Personally, I'm in favour of...
• Believe me, ...
• I'm sure it will be worth it.
• Let's go for it.
• ... don't you agree?
• I'm really keen on the idea of...
• Oh, Come on!

• It __________ the best _______ me
• If you ask me, _____________ should...
• __________, I'm in favour of...
• Believe me, ...
• I'm ________________ it.
• _______ go _______.
• ... don't you agree?
• I'm ____________________ of...
• Oh, Come on!

Making suggestions to improve things
46
…Let’s / how about… / why don’t we… / we could
http://www.child-soldiers.org/
You are friends with a young African street vendor. One day he tells you that
his little brother was a child soldier and has been killed. You and your brother
decide to take some action against the use of child soldiers.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF SHARING A FLAT
• I’d rather______ than________
• The trouble is________________
• The big advantage is______________
• The great thing is______________
• Another good point is_____________
• _________ has disadvantages / downsides, too
• One of the drawback is____________
• ___________ is a
47

Talking about the advantages and
disadvantages of sharing a flat
• I’d r _______ share a flat, but it has
Advantages and disadvantages
• The t______ is my parents want to control my life!
• The big a _________ is that you can learn to look after
yourself.
• The g_____ thing is that it won’t cost you anything.
• Another good p _______ is that your dinner will be on the
table when you get home.
• One of the d__________ is that no one want to do the
housework.
• Living with friends has downsides, too!
Rather
great
trouble
advantage
point
drawbacks

Writing a good paragraph
Combine short and long sentences, too!

Phrasal verbs with “put”
Phrasal verb Meaning
Put up with Accomodate
Put someone down tolerate
Put someone up Explain
Put smth down to smbd / smthing humiliate
Put down smth Provide
Put down money supress
Put up prices Persuade
Put someone up to something Increase

Phrasal verbs with “Put”
• If you need a place to stay, I can put you ____ for the
night
• You shouldn’t _________ like that.
• I can _______ with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it
is not clean.
• The have ______ the prize of fuel again.
• Whether one ______ money or not, the cost of the
vehicle is the same.
• He did not want to go shoplifting but Tom put him ____ to
it.
Put up with
Put him down
up
Put up
Puts down
up

INTO / ONTO
He climbed onto the roof (on top of)
He asked me into his office (to the inside of)

Errors in your book summaries
• The book tells the history of Jane…
• At first Jane didn’t care about the war because she
thought that Malaya was a safe place but when the
Japanese started to invade Malaya they realised that…
• Then, while missionaires went to Mbanta to told the
people that there was only one God. Enoch tried to
unmask a “egwugwu” and, as a revenge, they burned a
church.
•

Exam 4 March
Don’t lower your
standards, girls!
Unlike priests,
rabies can get
married
When you make
bread, you should
learn how to knead
the dough.
He was
confident,
till they
planted
doubts in
his mind.
He is really keen
to come and
meet you
Strutting like a
peacock

Comments to your Lesson 3 articles
• Shame / embarrassment
• She felt shame for what her father had done that she left the
country.
• My parents were such an embarrassment to me when I was a
teenager!
• DECISION – Arrive at / reach
• We never reach / arrive at a decision!
• Be friends with somebody
• I have been friends with Jo for Years
• That does not mean that you cannot be friends with a British.

• Pretend / assume
• You should never assume a friend to be the same as you.
• He is not really hurt. He is only pretending.
• Friendship
• She finds it difficult to make / develop / establish / start up lasting
friendships.

Can you find the phrasal verbs?
• Last Saturday James came up with a brilliant idea.
He decided that, if Jane was up for it, they’d go to the
seaside. So they packed up the car with food and buckets
and spades and set off straight away. It was getting on
for twelve o’clock by the time they left so it wasn’t
long before they started to look out for a place to stop for
lunch. They got off the main road and followed a small
country lane. After a few minutes, they came across a
field with a small lay-by to park in. They pulled over and
started to look for the sandwiches and the drinks.

• Last Saturday James came up with a brilliant idea.
He decided that, if Jane was up for it, they’d go to the
seaside. So they packed up the car with food and buckets
and spades and set off straight away. It was getting on
for twelve o’clock by the time they left so it wasn’t
long before they started to look out for a place to stop for
lunch. They got off the main road and followed a small
country lane. After a few minutes, they came across a
field with a small lay-by to park in. They pulled over and
started to look for the sandwiches and the drinks.

SIMPLE OR
CONTINUOUS?
Situation Simple Continuous
Permanent / temporary Temporary I have been getting a lot of
headaches recently
Permanent It snows a lot in Finland
Long /short Short The bomb exploded
Long We noticed that the boat
was sinking.
Length / frequency How many times? By the end of this year,
she will have married
three times.
How long? She has been shooting
this film since March
Actions /states States The book belongs to the
library
Actions Please, be quiet. I’m
reading

Say and tell
• Say + (that) + Reported speech
• Tell + object + (that)+ reported speech
• The reporter said (to me)* that they'd interviewed the film star.
• The reporter told me that they'd interviewed the film star.
• Note: We do not use "say" for reported orders or instructions
• "Drive slowly!" --> She told me to drive slowly
• “I like ice-cream”
• She said (to me)* (that) she liked ice-cream
• She told (me, us, Maria, them…) (that) she liked ice-cream
• * can be omitted

Reported speech transformation rules

Other changes in reported speech

Allowing yourself time to think
• I need to think for a moment
• That’s an interesting question
• Well, it’s difficult to say, really
• Let me see
• It depends on what you mean, exactly

Introducing your answer
• I guess the honest answer would be…
• I suppose the simplest answer to the
question is…
• If I think about it, I suppose…
• On balance, I think
• The best example that comes to my mind
is…

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