cfakepathfossilpowerbasics-100422050421-phpapp01.pdf

© 2007 Swagelok Company. Swagelok confidential. For internal use only.
Fossil Power Basics

Topics to Discuss
• Fossil Power Plants
– Coal & Oil Fired
– Gas Turbine
• Simple Cycle
• Combined Cycle
• Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
• Current Drivers of the Fossil Power Industry
– Emission Issues
– Efficiency Issues
– Scheduled Power Outages
– New Energy Demands

Fossil Fuel Plant Types
– Traditional Coal & Oil Fired Plants
– Gas Turbine Simple Cycle
– Gas Turbine Combined Cycle
– Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)

Electricity Production – Fossil Fuels -

Power – How?

Turns Motion into
Electricity

Coal Fired Power Plant

Creating water pressure
Creates Dry Saturated Vapor - Steam
Dry Saturated Vapor Expands Through the Turbine
Due to loss of Temperature
Condensation occurs and then
accumulated in the Condenser

Systems that utilize Swagelok Products & Services
– Instrumentation & Controls
– Steam / Water Sampling
– Chemical Feed Systems
– Lube Oil Systems
– Hydraulic Systems
– Boiler Feed Water Systems
– Compressed Air Systems
– Hydrogen Service – Generator Cooling
– Seal Oil System
– Air Quality Monitoring Systems
– Station Single Line System, Circuit Breakers
– Fuel Injection System – Wind Box

Coal Fired Power Plants

• Who Do We Call On?
– Instrumentation & Controls Mgr Engineering
• Boiler House Plant Engineering
• FGD / CEMS I & E Engineering
• I & E Engineers Mechanical Engineering
• Instrument Technicians Reliability or Results Engineer
– Water Quality Production Engineer
• Chemical Engineer Project Engineer
• Plant Chemist Maintenance
• Chemical Technicians Maintenance Supervisor
– CEMS Group Maintenance Manager
• CEM Supervisor Planners
• CEM Engineer Purchasing
• CEM Operators Buyers
– Plant Manager Store Room Supervisor
– Plant Safety Director
– Production Supervisor
– Air Quality Control System Team

Instrumentation & Controls -
Measures:
Pressures
Temperatures
Flow Rate
Levels
Humidity

Instrumentation & Controls -

Instrumentation & Controls

Instrumentation & Controls
Instrument Enclosure

Instrument Installation Detail Pressure
Transmitter with 2 Valve Manifold -
B31.1 Valves

Instrument Installation Detail Pressure
Transmitter with 3 Valve Manifold
B 31.1 Valves
?

Steam & Water Sampling -

Different Systems in Water Purification
– Clarifier (sedimentation)
– Filters
– Softeners
– Reverse Osmosis
– Demineralizers
– Electro dialysis reversal (EDR)

Impurities in Water

Sum of dissolved and suspended solids

Total Solids
Cation exchange with hydrogen zeolite.
Chlorination. Deaeration.
Corrosion of copper and zinc
NH3
Ammonia
Deaeration, sodium sulfite, corrosion
inhibitors
Corrosion of waterlines, boilers, exchangers
O2
Oxygen
Subsidence.  Filtration.
Measurement of matter that is unbroken.
Deposits in boilers and heat exchangers

Suspended Solids
Lime softening and cation exchange.
Demineralization.
Total dissolved mater.  High concentrations
cause problems

Dissolved Solids
Aeration. Chlorination. Highly basic ion
exchange
Corrosion
H2S
Hydrogen Sulfide
Same as Iron
Same as Iron
Mn
Manganese
Hot and warm process by magnesium salts,
ion exchange, demineralization, RO, or EDR
Scale in boiler and cooling water systems
SiO2
Silica
Demineralization,  Reverse Osmosis, electro
dialysis
Adds to solids content.  Use to control boiler
metal embitterment.
NO3
Nitrate
Lime and lime soda softening. Acid treatment.
Hydrogen zeolite softening.
Demineralization by ion exchange.
Foaming and carryover. Corrosion of
condensate lines.  Embrittlement of boiler
steel.
Bicarbonate, Carbonate and Hydroxide
expressed as CaCO3
Alkalinity
Neutralization with alkalis
Corrosion
Expressed as CaCO3
Free Mineral Acid
Coagulation and filtration. Chlorination.
Foaming in boilers hinders precipitation
methods for iron removal

Colour
Demineralization, R.O., electrodialysis
Adds to solids and adds to corrosive character
of water
CI
Chloride
Can be increased by alkalis or decreased by
acids
Varies as acids or alkalis in water. Natural
water is 6-8.

pH
Aeration, DA, Neutralization w/ alkalis
Corrosion in water, steam, and condensate
lines
CO2
Carbon Dioxide
Softening, Demineralization
Scale in exchangers and boilers
Calcium & Magnesium
Hardness
Coagulation, setting and filtration
Cloudy
NTU
Turbidity
Treatment by
Difficulties Caused
Chemical Formula
Component

Scale - Scale is most active when the impurities are placed in an
environment with high temperatures and pressures

Steam & Water Sampling

Water Sampling

Waters Equipment Co. – Lansdale, PA
Back View
Front View

• Burkert Switching valves used in Sampling Analysis

Water Sampling Analysis System

Water Sampling System in Lab

Water Sampling System

Sampling System

Condensate Booster Pumps
Condensate Booster Pumps before (all
pipe) and after (all Swagelok, no elbows
100% bent tubing).

Water System OEM’s
• Forbes Marshall – Pune, India
• Waters Equipment Co. – Lansdale, PA
• Yokogawa – Bangalore, India
• Lowe Engineering- West Yorkshire, UK
• Isa Mannai Technical Services Est – Saudi Arabia
• Sentry Equipment Co. - Oconomowoc, WI
• Jonas, Inc. – Wilmington, DE
• Eroom Technology – Korea
• Steam Equipments - Maharashtra, India
• Aquatech International Corporation
-Canonsburg, PA
• Anderson Water Systems – Ontario, Canada
• Christ Americas – New Britain, CT
• Ecodyne – Burlington, Ontario, Canada
• GE Water – Trevose, PA
• Graver Water Systems – Cranford, NJ
• Swan Analytical Instruments-Switzerland

Chemical Feed System

Chemicals Used for Boiler Water Treatment
1) Ammonia and sodium hydroxide for PH control
2) Hydrazine for reduction of dissolved oxygen
3) Sodium and phosphates for solids removal
Where are they used or Injected in the system
1) Ammonia PH system is normally introduced in the boiler feedwater line at the boiler feed pump discharge.
2) Sodium/phosphate is injected into the boiler drum
Water samples are taken at multiple locations in the plant and transported back to
the lab normally by ¼” and 3/8” SS tubing.
Normal sample locations:
1)Condensate Water
2) Feed Water
3) Boiler Water
4) Steam

Lubrication System -
Lubrication
System

Turbine Lube Oil / Small Bore
Existing pipe,
flanges, etc.
Swagelok system,
using Bio-Pharm
sight glasses with
tube extensions.

Electrohydraulic Control System (EHC)

Electrohydraulic Control System
• System Purpose
The function of the EHC system is to supply clean, cool,
high pressure hydraulic fluid necessary for turbine valve
operation. It is also used for control, trip and overspeed
functions.
• Phosphate ester fluid ( 1600 PSI )
• EPRI Document –EHC Tubing/Fittings and Air Piping
Application & Maintenance Guide #1000935

Disadvantages to Conical Seals on EHC
•Need near perfect tubing
alignment
•Are NOT designed for routine
disassembly

Swagelok Customized Fittings (EHC)
•Nuclear Industry may require
some type of action to prevent
loosening of the nut due to
vibration
•Some facilities may weld “Lock
Tabs”, but this may distort fitting
and causes leakage
•Swagelok can deliver “drill” holes
and lock wires

Boiler Feedwater System -

Boiler Feedwater System

Compressed Air System -

Hydrogen Generator Cooling System

Hydrogen Generator Cooling System -

Continuous Tri-Gas Analyzer for Hydrogen
Purity

Praxair Hydrogen System -

Why Hydrogen?
Advantages of hydrogen as a cooling medium:
1) High heat transfer coefficient – 40% higher than coefficient of air
2) High thermal conductivity (transmits heat rapidly)
3) Very low density (requires little power to force hydrogen thru the fans. 14
times lighter than air)
4) Reduces dirt and moisture contamination in the unit as a closed gas system
and also dampens noise of operation
Concerns:
1) Hydrogen is explosive. A mixture of hydrogen and oxygen can be explosive
2) Carbon dioxide is used as an inert buffer gas when hydrogen gas may
contact air. IT IS CRITCAL THAT TUBING, FITTINGS, VALVES BE LEAK
FREE

Seal Oil System -

Seal Oil System

Circuit Breakers -
• Circuit breakers use many different types of media to
extinguish the electrical arc:
– Oil
– Air Blast
– SF6 – Sulfur hexafluoride
– Vacuum

SF6 Gas Servicing Cart for Switchgear &
Distribution Systems

Windbox Application
• 840 MW Coal Fired Power Plant
• 8 Windboxes to all 8 corners
• Matching the Ratio between air and coal flow
• Overfire Air or Fuel Injection System
• Tubing, Tube Fittings, Valves, Tube Support System,
SWS and Training

Windbox Application - Inside the Wind Box

Windbox Application - Outside of Wind Box

Tubing running from the Windbox to each of the boiler
floors

Tubing running from the Windbox
to each of the boiler floors

Windbox Application
Over 22,000 feet of Welded tubing

Windbox Application

Swagelok Flex Hose

More Flex Hose

Swagelok Manifold

Windbox Application
• Who to Call on?
– Engineers
– Planners
– I and C Leads
– Contractors

Combustion Turbines -
• Simple Cycle
• Combined Cycle
• Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)

GAS TURBINE

Simple Cycle Gas Turbines

Simple Cycle Gas Turbine Systems
• Instrumentation Panels “Racks”
• Fuel Manifold “Ring Header”
• Lubrication Oil Skid
• Hydraulic system
• LOW NOX Steam Injection System
• Gas starting system
• Atomizing Air system
• Compressor Water Wash system
• Cooling and Sealing Air system
• Cooling Water System
• Fire Protection system
• Trip Oil systems

Simple Cycle Gas Turbine

GE 7FA Gas Turbine

GE 7 EA Gas Turbines

Fuel Skid
Liquid Fuel System

Liquid Fuel
Distribution Valve
Liquid Fuel System -

Fuel Lines from Skid to Gas Turbine
Liquid Fuel System

Liquid Fuel Systems

Lubrication
Skid
Lubrication System -

Lubrication System

Hydraulic
Skid
Hydraulic System -

Hydraulic Skid
Note Pressure
Hydraulic System

Compressed Air
Plant Utilities

Combustion Can
Turbine Combustion System

Turbine Combustion System

Combined Cycle Gas Turbine

185 MW
110 MW
295 MW

Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Systems
• Those of a Simple Cycle Gas Turbine
• Many of a Coal Fired Plant

Steam Turbine
Steam Turbine
Heat Recovery
Heat Recovery
Steam Generator
Steam Generator
Gas
Gas
Turbine
Turbine

Heat Recovery Steam Generator

Steam Turbine & Generator

Steam Blow Down Valves

Instrument
Enclosure

Sampling System

Water Sampling System

Water Chemical Feed System

IGCC
– Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle

CO2 Sequestration

Drivers in the Power Industry
 Emissions Controls and Reduction
 Higher Efficiencies
 Outages
 New Energy Demands

Emissions Drivers in US
EPA driven mandatory compliance:
Clean Air Mercury Rule (CAMR)
• U.S. will reduce and regulate mercury from coal fired
plants for the first time ever – other countries to follow?
Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR)
• Large reductions in SO2 and NOx across 28 eastern
states
• Will drive SCR and scrubber projects

Global Warming and Power
“Coal generated power is the single most largest
contributor to greenhouse gas emissions”
The culprits:
- Sulfur Dioxide (acid rain)
- Nitrogen Oxide
- Carbon Monoxide and Dioxide
- Mercury

Emissions – Global Warming

Emission Rules/Policies/Standards
• European Commission http://ec.europa.eu/environment/index_en.htm
• Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR)
• California Rule 4306
• California Rule 411
• Louisiana Title 33 Part III. Chapter 22
• MACT for Industrial Boilers & Process Heaters
• North Carolina Air Regulations
• Texas Chapter 117
• Virginia Air Regulations
• Clean Air Task Force (CATF)
• Environment Canada www.ec.gc.ca
• The Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate
• Kyoto Protocol
• Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
• Australian Gov’t - CARBON POLLUTION REDUCTION SCHEME

Emissions Issues – Greenhouse Gases
What are the Answers?
• SCR - Selective Catalytic Reduction
• SNCR - Selective Non Catalytic
Reduction
• Scrubbers – FGD – Flue Gas Desulphurization

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
is a means of removing nitrogen oxides, often
the most abundant and polluting component in
exhaust gases, through a chemical reaction
between the exhaust gases, a (reductant)
additive, and a catalyst.

SCR Applications:
• Process Instrumentation
• Analytical Instrumentation
• Sampling Systems
• Small Bore – Supply Feed Lines
• Lubrication Systems
• Hydraulic Systems

SCR Addition
Dampers
Dampers

SCR

SCR
Nox Monitoring

SCR
Probes

SCR
Ammonia Distribution

SCR
SCR Ammonia Control System
SCR Ammonia Control System

SCR
Hydraulic Controls for Dampers
Hydraulic Controls for Dampers
Swagelok
Swagelok

Selective Non Catalytic Reduction
This process involves injecting a nitrogen-containing
chemical (ammonia or urea) into the combustion gas
stream (in the upper furnace or in the convective section of
the boiler) with the chemicals dispersed through nozzles
into the flue gases containing NOx,

SNCR Applications:
• Urea Injection System
• Moisture Injection System
• Control Cabinets
• Sample Systems

SCNR Control Panels
¾” Tubing
¾” Tubing
Actuated Ball
Actuated Ball
Valves
Valves
Control Panels for
Control Panels for
Urea and Water
Urea and Water

SCNR Injection Systems
Spray Nozzles
Spray Nozzles
Quick Connects
Quick Connects

Scrubber – Flue Gas Desulphurization
anti-pollution device that uses a liquid or
slurry spray to remove acid gases and
particulates from municipal waste
combustion facility flue gases;
FGD - Flue Gas Desulphurization

Applications:
• Process Instrumentation
• Analytical Instrumentation
• Sampling Systems
• Small Bore – Supply Lines
• Lubrication Systems
• Hydraulic Systems

SCR
SCR
Scrubber
Scrubber
Limestone
Limestone
Preparation &
Preparation &
Recovery
Recovery

Instrument Air Lines-
Instrument Air Lines-
Limestone Preparations
Limestone Preparations

Lubrication for Limestone
Lubrication for Limestone
Ball Mill Crushing System
Ball Mill Crushing System
¾”SS Swagelok
¾”SS Swagelok
System
System

Lubrication for High Volume Booster Fans
Lubrication for High Volume Booster Fans

Internal Lubrication Systems
Internal Lubrication Systems

Lubrication Systems
Lubrication Systems

Limestone Vacuum Control System
Limestone Vacuum Control System

Hydraulic Piping for Dampers
Hydraulic Piping for Dampers

Hydraulic Tubing for Dampers
Hydraulic Tubing for Dampers

Hydraulic Piping for Recirculation Valves
Hydraulic Piping for Recirculation Valves

Hydraulic Tubing for Recirculation valves
Hydraulic Tubing for Recirculation valves

CEMS
Main Air Header ¾” SS
Inside CEMS Shelter

CEMS
Air Filtered & Dried
110 PSI

CEMS

CEMS
Umbilical cord entering cabinet
PFA Tubing-1/4” & 3/8”

CEMS
Umbilical Cords
entering in CEMS
shelter from CEMS
platform

CEMS
Note Umbilical Temp
266 F

CEMS
Umbilical entering
gas flow monitoring
cabinet

CEMS
Mercury Probe Box
Restek Coated
Swagelok fittings
800 C Temp
www.restekcoatings.com

CEMS
SO2, NOX, CO2
Box
Limited application
Compared to
Mercury Box

Emissions Projects Summary
What’s it Worth $
• SNCR Project $ 90,000
• Scrubber Project $147,000
• Scrubber + SCR $354,000

Efficiency Demands
Why so Important to improve efficiencies:
• Sub-critical Power Plant 36-38%
• Supercritical Power Plant 40-45%
• Ultra critical Power Plant 45-48%
• Nuclear Plant 34-37%
• Simple Cycle Gas Turbine Plant 43-45%
• Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Plant 50-55%

Efficiency Demands
How can we support?
• Demand for Products – High pressure & Temperature
• Reliable Products – Less Down Time
• Energy Audits – Eliminate Waste

What does this mean to Swagelok?
• More critical and demanding applications – Swagelok strength
• Applications and processes are redefined offering new
opportunities
• Increased processing and monitoring of greenhouse gases
and pollutants increases Swagelok playing field
• Helps to re-establish Swagelok value proposition in an
industry that had been viewed as having been commoditized

Outages

Outages – What is our Role?
• Support with VMI
• Support with Technical Issues
• Proactive selling – identify other maintenance
• Emergency deliveries - after hours availability

Increase In Energy Demand

Potential Swagelok Power Spend
$11.2 Billion
6,085
$2.2 Trillion
Total
$ 4,213,317,990.00
3,807
$ 842,663,598,000.00
North
America
$ 468,058.00
194
$ 93,611,700.00
South
America
$ 356,260,000.00
87
$ 71,252,000,000.00
Middle
East
$ 968,675,931.00
416
$ 229,697,944,607.00
Europe
$ 38,595.00
42
$ 7,719,000.00
Middle
America
$ 4,916,839,750.00
1,318
$ 983,367,950,000.00
Asia
$ 131,787,750.00
95
$ 26,357,550,000.00
Oceania
$ 626,265,000.00
126
$ 125,253,000,000.00
Africa
Swagelok Spend @ .005
# Projects
Power Investment

Central Asia Construction Spend
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
$374,855,000,000
445
0
0
Tidal
$360,000,000
2
Solar
$92,982,000,000
155
Hydro
$1,307,000,000
11
Wind
$750,000,000
3
Biomass
$10,253,000,000
21
Natural Gas
$904,000,000
4
Oil
$214,139,000,000
200
Coal
$14,670,000,000
23
Combined Cycle
$33,225,000,000
14
Nuclear
TIV
# of Projects
Project Type

East Asia Construction Spend
China, Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Mongolia, North Korea, Paracel Islands, South Korea, Spratly Islands
$509,286,550,000
548
$1,950,000,000
3
Tidal
$415,000,000
7
Solar
$82,328,000,000
76
Hydro
$29,523,329,373
111
Wind
$2,284,000,000
42
Biomass
$8,095,000,000
11
Natural Gas
$400,000,000
1
Oil
$226,506,000,000
229
Coal
$6,330,000,000
8
Combined Cycle
$159,790,000,000
54
Nuclear
TIV
# of Projects
Project Type

Southeast Asia Construction Spend
Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
$122,630,800,000
220
$1,380,000,000
9
Geothermal
0
0
Solar
$31,709,800,000
90
Hydro
$573,000,000
7
Wind
$480,000,000
1
Biomass
$4,166,000,000
11
Natural Gas
0
0
Oil
$60,617,000,000
76
Coal
$5,690,000,000
13
Combined Cycle
$15,050,000,000
5
Nuclear
TIV
# of Projects
Project Type

Central Asia Nuclear (India)
KOTA RAJASTHAN 220MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION UNIT #5 ADDITION
KOTA RAJASTHAN 220MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION UNIT #6 ADDITION
KUNDIAN CHASHMA G-R 300MW NUCLEAR (PWR) UNIT II ADDITION
KARWAR KAIGA G-R 220MW NUCLEAR (PHWR) UNIT #4 ADDITION
KALPAKKAM 500MW (PFBR) NUCLEAR STATION UNIT #3 ADDITION
PABNA ROOPPUR G-R 600MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION
BUSHEHR 1000MW NUCLEAR UNIT #1 G-R POWER STATION
KUNDIAN CHASHMA III & IV 600MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION ADDITION
PUNJAB CHANDIGRAH 1000MW G-R NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
KAKRAPAR 1400MW NUCLEAR (PHWR) UNITS 3 & 4 ADDITION
TIRUNELVELI KUDANKULAM G-R 2000MW NUCLEAR (PWR) POWER STATION
TIRUNEVELI NUCLEAR 2,000MW KUDANKULAM PHASE II NUCLEAR STATION
HARYANNA NUCLEAR 2,800MW FATEHABAD G-R POWER STATION
RAJAPUR NUCLEAR 3300MW GRASSROOT JAITAPUR NUCLEAR STATION

East Asia Nuclear
BAILONG I G-R 2000MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION
YANGJIANG G-R PHASE I 2000MW NUCLEAR STATION
LIANYUNGANG XUYU I G-R 2000MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION
XIANNING 2,000MW HUBEI NUCLEAR PHASE I G-R POWER STATION
TAISHAN I GRASSROOT 3500MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION
SANMEN PHASE I UNIT #2 1100MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION ADD
XIANNING DAFAN I G-R 2000MW NUCLEAR (PWR) POWER STATION
HANGZHOU QINSHAN NUCLEAR PLANT 2,000MW IV #6/#7 ADDITION
LONGYOU NUCLEAR 2,000MW ZHEXI G-R PHASE I POWER STATION
ANHUI 2000MW WUHU NUCLEAR PHASE I G-R POWER STATION
FUJIAN 2,000MW SANMING NUCLEAR G-R POWER STATION
JIUJIANG NUCLEAR 2,500MW PENGZE PHASE I G-R NUCLEAR STATION
LIANYUNGANG NUCLEAR TIANWAN 2,000MW PHASE III ADDITION
YIYANG CITY G-R 4000 NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
CHIZHOU JIYANG G-R 4000MW NUCLEAR (PWR) POWER STATION
KAGOSHIMA NUCLEAR SENDAI PLANT 1,950MW PHASE II EXPANSION
YIYANG NUCLEAR 2,000MW TAOHUAJIANG PHASE I G-R STATION
KUNGLIAO G-R 2700MW LUNGMEN (ABWR) NUCLEAR STATION
HONGYANHE PHASE I GRASSROOT 2000MW NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
WUHU BAMAOSHAN PHASE I G-R 2000MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION

East Asia Nuclear cont’d.
TAISHAN YAOGU II 2000MW NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ADDITION
SHENZHEN LING'AO G-R PHASE II 2000MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION
NINGDE II 2000MW NUCLEAR (PWR) POWER STATION ADDITION
ULSAN SHIN-KORI G-R 2000MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION
HUI'AN II GRASSROOT 2000MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION EXPANSION
YANGJIANG G-R PHASE III 2000MW NUCLEAR STATION
HAIYONG SHANDONG PHASE 2 2000MW NUCLEAR (LWR) ADDITION
LUFENG I G-R 2000MW NUCLEAR (PWR) POWER PLANT
YUEYANG XIAOMOSHAN PHASE I 2000MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION
HAIYANG SHANDONG G-R 2000MW LWR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
HONGYANHE PHASE II 2000MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION ADDITION
HENAN NUCLEAR 2,000MW NANYANG G-R POWER STATION
DATANG HUAYIN HUNAN I G-R 2000MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION
HUI'AN G-R 2000MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION
FUJIAN NUCLEAR G-R 2000MW FUQING POWER STATION
QINSHAN II 1300MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION EXPANSION
NINGDE I G-R 2000MW NUCLEAR (PWR) POWER STATION
SANMEN G-R PHASE I 1000MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION
TIANWAN II 2000MW NUCLEAR UNITS 3 & 4 ADDITION
YANGJIANG G-R PHASE II 2000MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION

East Asia Nuclear cont’d.
WEIHAI G-R 195MW SHIDAO BAY NUCLEAR POWER STATION
XIACUN RUSHAN UNIT #2 600MW (PWR) NUCLEAR ADDITION
XIACUN RUSHAN G-R 600MW NUCLEAR (PWR) POWER STATION
CHONGQING G-R PHASE I 900MW (PWR) NUCLEAR POWER STATION
QINSHAN V FANGJIASHAN 700MW (PHWR) UNIT 8 ADDITION
SHAOGUAN G-R 1000MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION
MUTSU HIGASHIDORI G-R UNIT #1 1380MW ABWR NUCLEAR POWER STATION
TSURUGA G-R 1538MW (APWR) UNIT #4 NUCLEAR STATION ADDITION
AOMORI G-R NUCLEAR 1,383MW OHMA NUCLEAR POWER STATION
TOMARI PHASE III 912MW (LWR) NUCLEAR ADDITION
FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI 1380MW (BWR) NUCLEAR UNIT #7 ADDITION
TSURUGA G-R 1538MW UNIT #3 (APWR) NUCLEAR STATION ADDITION
KYONGJU WOLSONG 950MW UNIT #5 NUCLEAR STATION ADDITION
KASHIMA SHIMANE 1373MW NUCLEAR UNIT III ADDITION

Southeast Asia Nuclear
LEMAHABANG JAVA-1 MURIA G-R 1000MW NUCLEAR (PWR) POWER STATION
NINH THUAN G-R 2000MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION
PHAN RANG-NINH PHUOC G-R 2000MW NUCLEAR (VVER-PWR) STATION
MOUNT MURIA I G-R 2000MW NUCLEAR POWER STATION
PRAN BURI G-R 4000MW THAILAND NUCLEAR POWER STATION

Construction Picture Thru 2017
Construction Sales / MW
• Traditional Coal & Oil Fired Plants
$500 / MW @ 1000MW = $500,000
• Combined Cycle Plants
$1,000 / MW @ 400 MW = $400,000
• Simple Cycle Plants
$100 / MW @ 85 MW = $8,500
• Nuclear Plants
$1,500 / MW @ 1,600 MW = $2,400,000

Questions?

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