Important information about cerebrum in detail

1. GOOD MORNING
CEREBRUM:
SULCI,GYRI,
FUNCTIONAL AREAS.

2. CEREBRUM INTRODUCTION:
LARGEST PART OF THE HUMAN BRAIN.
HEAVILY,CONVOLUTED BILOBED STRUCTURE.
2 LATERAL HALVES-CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES.
VIEW FROM ABOVE-SHAPE OF AN OVOID MASS.
BROADER BEHIND THAN IN FRONT.
WIDEST TRANSVERSE DIAMETER-
PARIETAL TUBEROSITIES.
LONGITUDINAL CEREBRAL FISSURE-
INCOMPLETE SEPERATION.
CORPUS CALLOSUM-CONNECTION
B/W HEMISPHERES.

3. CEREBRUM EXTERNAL FEATURES:
1.FRONTAL POLE
2.OCCIPITAL POLE
3.TEMPORAL POLE
OPPO TO MEDIAL
PART OF THE
SUPERCILIARY ARCH.
SUPEROLATERAL TO
EXT.OCCIPIATAL
PROTRUBERENCE.
ANT.PART OF
MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA.
POLES:

4. CEREBRUM EXTERNAL FEATURES: SURFACES:
1.SUPEROLATERAL SURFACE.
2.MEDIAL SURFACE.
3.INFERIOR SURFACE.
A.ORBITAL SURFACE.
B.TENTORIAL SURFACE.

5. CEREBRUM EXTERNAL FEATURES: BORDERS:
1.SUPEROMEDIAL
2.SUPERCILIARY
3.INFEROLATERAL
4.MEDAIL ORBITAL
5.INFERO MEDIAL
6.MEDIAL OCCIPITAL.
1
2
3
4
5
6

6. CEREBRUM EXTERNAL FEATURES: LOBES:
CENTRAL SULCUS
LATERAL SULCUS
PARIETO-OCCIPITAL SULCUS
1.FRONTAL
2.PARIETAL
3.TEMPORAL
4.OCCIPITAL.
1
2
3
4
PREOCCIPITAL NOTCH

7. CEREBRUM INSULA/CENTRAL LOBE:

8. CEREBRUM EXTERNAL FEATURES: SULCI & GYRI:
CONULUTIONS: GYRI.
FISSURES:SULCI.
CEREBRAL CORTEX -HIGHLY EXTENSIVE.
CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE-FOLDED.
SLIGHT GROOVES TO DEEP FISSURES.
CENTRAL CORE OF WHITE MATTER
COVERED BY AN LAYER OF GREY MATTER.

9. CEREBRUM SUPEROLATERAL :
SULCI & GYRI:
CENTRAL
PRECENTRAL POSTCENTRAL
INTRAPARIETAL
PARIETO-OCCIPITAL
LAT.OCCIPITAL
POSTCALCARINE
LUNATE
SUP.FRONTAL
INF.FRONTAL
LATERAL
SUP.TEMPORAL
INF.TEMPORAL
1.PARS ORBITALIS
2.PARS TRANGULARIS
3.PARS OPERCULARIS.
1.SUPRAMARGINAL
2.ANGULAR
3.ARCUS TEMEPRO-
OCCIPITALIS.

10. CEREBRUM SUPEROLATERAL :
SULCI & GYRI:

11. CEREBRUM MEDIAL:
SULCI & GYRI:
CENTRAL
CINGULATE
CALLOSAL
SUPRALSPLENIAL
PARIETO-OCCIPITAL
CALCARINE
ANT &POST
PAROLFACTORY

12. CEREBRUM MEDIAL:
SULCI & GYRI:

13. CEREBRUM INFERIOR :
SULCI & GYRI:
ORBITAL
RHINAL
COLLATERAL
OCCIPITO-TEMPORAL
CALCARINE
OLFACTORY

14. CEREBRUM INFERIOR :
SULCI & GYRI:

15. CEREBRUM EXTERNAL FEATURES: SULCI & GYRI:
FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION:
1.LIMITING:
2.AXIAL:
3.OPERCULATED:
4.COMPLETE:
SEPERATES MOTOR AND SENSORY CORTEX.
CENTRAL SULCUS.
VISUAL CORTEX GROWS ALONG IT.
POST CALCARINE SULCUS.
2 LIPS SEPERATES THE 17,18,19 AREAS
LUNATE SULCUS.
DEPTH OF SULCI CREATE ELEVATION IN 3RD VENTRICLE.
COLLATERAL,CALCARINE SULCUS.

16. CEREBRUM FUNCTIONAL AREAS
1.MOTOR AREAS:
2.SENSORY AREAS:
3.ASSOCIATION AREAS:
PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH THE MOTOR FUNCTIONS,
GIVES ORIGIN TO PROJECTION FIBRES.
PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH THE SENSORY FUNCTIONS,
RECEIVE AFFERENT FIBRES FROM THE THALAMIC NUCLEI.
ASSOCIATIVE,INTEGRATIVE AND COGNITIVE FUCTIONS.
BRODMANN-47.

17. CEREBRUM SUPEROLATERAL :
FUNCTIONAL AREAS
4-HEMIPLEGIA.
6-DIFF IN SKILLED MOVMENTS
8-INABILITY TO TURN
THE EYES TO THE OPP SIDE.
44,45-EXPRESSIVE APHASIA.
PREFRONTAL-PROFOUND CHANGE
IN PERSONALITY.
3,1,2-LOSS OF EXTERO
&PROPRIOCEPTIVE SENTATION FROM
OPP HALF OF BODY.
5,7-ASTERIOGNOSIS.
40,39-RECEPTIVE APHASIA.

18. CEREBRUM INEROMEDIAL :
FUNCTIONAL AREAS

20. CEREBRUM-WHITE MATER.

21. CEREBRUM:
GREY MATER
WHITE MATER
COMPACT MASS OF A VAST
NUMBER OF NERVE FIBRES
AND ASSOCIATED NEUROGLIA.

22. CEREBRUM:WHITE MATER
Interconnect the different
regions of the cerebral cortex
in the same hemisphere.
Interconnect the identical/
corresponding areas of the
two cerebral hemisphere.
Connect the cerebral cortex to the
Subcortical centres and spinal cord.
COMMISSURAL FIBRES
PROJECTION FIBRES ASSOCIATION FIBRES
INTRAHEMISPHERIC
INTERHEMISPHERIC
1.CARTICOFUGAL
2.CORTICOPETAL
Go away from
the cortex.
Come to the cortex.

23. CEREBRUM:WHITE MATER ASSOCIATION FIBRES
SHORT ASSOCIATION FIBRES
LONG ASSOCIATION FIBRES
Interconnect adjecent gyri
by hooking aroundthe sulcus.
Uncinate fasciculus
Cingulum
Sup. longitudinal bundle
Inf. longitudinal bundle
Fronto-occipital bundle.

25. CEREBRUM:WHITE MATER COMMISSURAL FIBRES
1.Corpus callosum
2.Anterior commissure
3.Posterior commissure
5.Hippocampal commissure
4.Habenular commissure.
Interconnect the identical/corresponding area of the two cerebral hemispheres.
Lower &anterior parts of temp.lobe
Olfactory region.
Sup.colliculi,pretectal &interstitial .n.
Two hemisphere.
Habenular nuclei.
Crura of fornix.

26. CEREBRUM:WHITE MATER PROJECTING FIBRES
Connect the cerebral cortex
to the Subcortical centres
and spinal cord.
1.CORONA RADIATA.
2.INTERNAL CAPSULE.
Intersected by
commussural fibres
B/w fronto-occipitalis &
sup.longitudinal fasciculi.
Medially:caudate n.& thalamus.
Laterally:lentiform nucleus.
Above:corona radiata.
Below:crus cerebri.
Parts:
1.Ant.Limb
2.Genu
3.Post.Limb
4.Retrolentiform
5.Sublentiform.

27. Corpus callosum

28. CEREBRUM:WHITE MATER CORPUS CALLOSUM
R
G
T/B
S
PARTS:
1.Rostrum
2.Genu
3.Trunk
4.splenium

29. CORPUS CALLOSUM
Indusium griseum.
Medial and lateral
longitudinal striae.
Anterior cerebral a.
Callosal sulcus.
Floor of medial long fissure.
Inferior petrosal sinus.
Upper surface:

30. CORPUS CALLOSUM
Crura of fornix
Septum pellucidium
Lateral ventrical
LOWER SURFACE

31. CORPUS CALLOSUM

32. CORPUS CALLOSUM
CLINICAL IMPORTANCE:
TRANSFER OF LEARNING PROCESS.
TRANSFER OF SPEECH FUNCTION.
CONGENITAL ABSENCE.
SEVERE EPILEPSY SURGICAL SECTION .
DOMINANT AND NON-DOMINANT HEMISPHERES.

33. INTERNAL CAPSULE
These fibres fan out rostrally to form the corona radiata and condense
caudally to continue as the crus cerebri of the midbrain.
The ascending (corticopetal/sensory) and descending
(corticofugal/motor) fibres of internal capsule chiefly interconnect the
cerebral cortex with the brainstem and spinal cord.

34. These fibres are mainly responsible for the sensory and motor
innervation of the opposite half of the body.
Because of high concentration of motor and sensory nerve fibres
within the internal capsule, even a small lesion may produce a
widespread paralytic effects and sensory loss in the opposite half of
the body.

35. INTERNAL CAPSULE
BOUNDERIES:
Medially - The caudate nucleus and thalamus
Laterally – The lentiform nucleus
In a horizontal section of the cerebral hemisphere, appears as a V-shaped compact
bundle of white fibres with its concavity directed laterally.

36. INTERNAL CAPSULE PARTS
Between the head of caudate nucleus medially and the
anterior part of the lentiform nucleus laterally.
Between the thalamus medially and the posterior part of
the lentiform nucleus laterally
The bend between the anterior and
posterior limbs with concavity of the
bend facing laterally.
Behind the lentiform nucleus.
• Anterior limb
• Genu
• Retrolentiform part
• Sublentiform part
• Posterior limb
Below the lentiform nucleus.

37. INTERNAL CAPSULE CONSTITUENT FIBRES
MOTOR FIBRES

38. INTERNAL CAPSULE CONSTITUENT FIBRES
SENSORY FIBRES
THALAMOCORTICAL FIBRES
Radiate from thalamus in different directions to reach the widespread
areas of the cerebral cortex and constitute most of thalamic radiation.

39. INTERNAL CAPSULE

40. INTERNAL CAPSULE