There are three main types of centrifugation used to separate particles: differential centrifugation separates based on size and density, density gradient centrifugation uses density gradients for finer separation such as of biomolecules, and ultracentrifugation is a high-speed technique used to separate small particles at a molecular level. Differential centrifugation is used to isolate organelles from cells through multiple rounds of centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation separates particles by density as they move through gradients, and ultracentrifugation achieves extremely high speeds for separating macromolecules and proteins. Centrifugation techniques are useful tools in applied biology for studying subcellular structures and isolating components.