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Central_Language_Mechanism_and_its_disorders_Ppt.pptx
- 1. Central Language Mechanismand Its Disorders
- 2. Central Language Mechanism •- A brain network for language • - In the left hemisphere • - Handles speaking, understanding, reading, writing
- 3. Broca’s Area • -Located in the frontal lobe • - Responsible for speech production • - Controls grammar and sentence structure
- 4. Wernicke’s Area • -Located in the temporal lobe • - Responsible for language comprehension • - Understanding spoken and written language
- 5. Arcuate Fasciculus • -Connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas • - Facilitates repetition and coordination between comprehension and production
- 6. Angular Gyrus • -Located in parietal lobe • - Involved in reading, writing, and semantic processing
- 7. Supramarginal Gyrus • -Assists in phonological processing • - Important for articulation and verbal working memory
- 8. Language Lateralization • -Language is left-dominant in 95% of right- handed people • - Right hemisphere plays a supportive role
- 9. Aphasias • - Languagedisorders due to brain damage • - Affect speaking, understanding, reading, or writing
- 10. Causes of Aphasias •- Stroke • - Traumatic brain injury • - Brain tumor or infection
- 11. Broca’s Aphasia • -Non-fluent, effortful speech • - Good comprehension • - Poor grammar and repetition
- 12. Wernicke’s Aphasia • -Fluent but nonsensical speech • - Poor comprehension • - Word salad and neologisms
- 13. Global Aphasia • -Severe impairment in all language functions • - Usually due to massive stroke
- 14. Conduction Aphasia • -Fluent speech and good comprehension • - Poor repetition • - Caused by arcuate fasciculus damage
- 15. Anomic Aphasia • -Difficulty finding words • - Speech is fluent and grammatically correct • - Comprehension intact
- 16. Transcortical Motor Aphasia •- Similar to Broca’s but repetition is intact • - Frontal lobe damage
- 17. Transcortical Sensory Aphasia •- Similar to Wernicke’s but repetition is intact • - Damage near Wernicke’s area
- 18. Mixed Transcortical Aphasia •- Non-fluent speech, poor comprehension • - Repetition preserved
- 20. Assessment of Aphasias •- Clinical examination • - Imaging (CT, MRI) • - Standardized language tests
- 21. DYSARTHRIA • Cerebellar dysarthria:Patient speaks slowly and deliberately, syllable by syllable as if scanning a line of poetry and the normal prosodic rhythm is lost (scanning speech)
- 22. • Pseudo-bulbar (spastic)dysarthria: Individual syllables are slurred and the precision of consonant pronunciation is lost
- 23. Bulbar dysarthria: Lowermotor neuron bulbar palsy affect the muscles of articulation There is non specific slurring of speech.Other feature like dysphagia and nasal regurgitation are present
- 24. Cortical dysarthria: Thereis irregular hesitancy in word production associated with difficulties in abstract, volitional movements of the lips & tongue (Orofacial apraxia)
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