1. Central Asia experiences frequent drought conditions as crop production and agriculture are adapted to the region's dry climate.
2. Climate change is increasing temperatures and altering precipitation patterns in Central Asia, with temperatures rising 0.1-0.3 degrees Celsius every decade and precipitation becoming more variable.
3. Anthropogenic or human-caused drought poses the most serious threat, as water withdrawals from rivers for irrigation have increased, exacerbating the impacts of natural drought cycles.
1 co.9.4 maletta et al.2012 oral presentationBioenergy Crops
In Spain, as in the mediterranean basin, the development of herbaceous perennial energy crops in the extensive rainfed areas requires species that tolerate severe frequent droughts during summer. In a previous study (2011), it was shown that annual grasses like triticale or rye require annual biomass production about 8 odt/ha in order to achieve the GHG savings established for biofuels in the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) for 2018, when substituting natural gas in power plants under
spanish conditions. In order to improve the results achieved with annual grasses, perennial grasses were evaluated as an alternative to supply sustainable biomass to power plants.
Elytrigia elongata - called “Tall wheatgrass”- is a summer dormant perennial C3 grass native from Eurasia and has been tried in constraints environments all over the world. Its palatability for
livestock is low at the same time that it could have acceptable characteristics to use for combustion in industrial boilers to produce electricity power. The aim of this report is to demonstrate and evaluate the potential of Elytrigia elongata to avoid GHG emissions and obtain lower economic costs in marginal areas of Spain and the Mediterranean region. Our research built scenarios based on experimental plots (2 years growth) in
three locations of Spain with very different climate conditions The preliminary evaluation results suggest that the use of C3 drought tolerant perennial crops, like tall wheatgrass in marginal areas of Spain for electricity production might present a better performance in terms of energy yields, costs of the electricity and GHG savings, than utilizing annual grasses like triticale and C4 grasses like switchgrass than cannot be established because of spring and summer droughts.
This document discusses the potential for using Elytrigia elongata, a perennial C3 grass, as a bioenergy crop in semi-arid Mediterranean environments. It establishes experimental plots of E. elongata in three locations in Spain to evaluate its biomass production over multiple years. The objective is to assess E. elongata's biomass costs at the farm level and perform a life cycle assessment for 15 scenarios assuming future yields over a 15-year lifetime, comparing it to existing crops like rye and triticale. Initial results show E. elongata has summer dormancy that allows it to resist drought, a deep root system suited for alkaline soils, and literature reports biomass productions of 3-16 odt
Canopy management tree training & crop loading – opportunities to learn fro...MacadamiaSociety
The document discusses crop load and productivity in macadamia orchards, drawing lessons from apple crop management. It summarizes that crop load affects tree physiology, flowering, and yield. High crop load leads to small fruits/nuts and low vegetative growth, while low crop load increases vegetative growth and fruit/nut size. Apple growers strategically manage crop loads to balance productivity and quality over seasons. The author believes macadamia growers need better understanding of crop load effects to develop management methods.
Telling the Data Comparison Story Using A Skyline Graph (Instead of Two Pies)Bill Caemmerer
The document discusses using a skyline graph to compare data over time instead of pie charts. It notes that skyline graphs make it easier to see relative changes between categories and identify the biggest changes. The presentation provides examples of skyline graphs and how they better convey stories about "what happened" with data comparisons than traditional charts like pie charts.
This presentation was given to me by a senior officer of the Victoria state government--who has dealt with water reforms.
Australia's federal government has a senior officer (equivalent to our Additional Secretary) whose job title is First Assistant Secretary, WATER REFORMS.
The document discusses the limitations of the Fourier transform for analyzing non-stationary signals and introduces the wavelet transform as a solution. Specifically, it notes that the Fourier transform only shows the frequencies present in a signal but not when they occur over time. In contrast, the wavelet transform provides time-frequency representation by decomposing a signal into scaled and translated versions of the original or "mother" wavelet. This time-frequency representation allows the wavelet transform to be useful for applications like image compression, signal de-noising, and edge and rupture detection.
4 dimension and properties table c shapeChhay Teng
This document provides dimensional and mechanical properties for various C-shaped cross section profiles. It lists nominal dimensions such as depth, web thickness, flange width and thickness, along with mechanical properties including section area, elastic modulus, plastic modulus, shear center location, polar moment of inertia, and warping constant. C-shapes ranging from 380x0.73mm to 80x0.073mm are specified. Key dimensional and mechanical properties are given to characterize each cross sectional geometry.
This document provides an overview of Duratex's business for the first semester of 2003. It summarizes Duratex's main business segments, competitors, shareholders, stock performance, capital expenditures, industrial capacity levels, and debt structure. Key points include Duratex's preferred shareholders being led by Itaúsa and pension funds, its preferred stock appreciating 22.1% in the first semester, CAPEX of R$103.5 million and EBITDA of R$139.4 million, and ramping up production of its new MDF plant.
1 co.9.4 maletta et al.2012 oral presentationBioenergy Crops
In Spain, as in the mediterranean basin, the development of herbaceous perennial energy crops in the extensive rainfed areas requires species that tolerate severe frequent droughts during summer. In a previous study (2011), it was shown that annual grasses like triticale or rye require annual biomass production about 8 odt/ha in order to achieve the GHG savings established for biofuels in the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) for 2018, when substituting natural gas in power plants under
spanish conditions. In order to improve the results achieved with annual grasses, perennial grasses were evaluated as an alternative to supply sustainable biomass to power plants.
Elytrigia elongata - called “Tall wheatgrass”- is a summer dormant perennial C3 grass native from Eurasia and has been tried in constraints environments all over the world. Its palatability for
livestock is low at the same time that it could have acceptable characteristics to use for combustion in industrial boilers to produce electricity power. The aim of this report is to demonstrate and evaluate the potential of Elytrigia elongata to avoid GHG emissions and obtain lower economic costs in marginal areas of Spain and the Mediterranean region. Our research built scenarios based on experimental plots (2 years growth) in
three locations of Spain with very different climate conditions The preliminary evaluation results suggest that the use of C3 drought tolerant perennial crops, like tall wheatgrass in marginal areas of Spain for electricity production might present a better performance in terms of energy yields, costs of the electricity and GHG savings, than utilizing annual grasses like triticale and C4 grasses like switchgrass than cannot be established because of spring and summer droughts.
This document discusses the potential for using Elytrigia elongata, a perennial C3 grass, as a bioenergy crop in semi-arid Mediterranean environments. It establishes experimental plots of E. elongata in three locations in Spain to evaluate its biomass production over multiple years. The objective is to assess E. elongata's biomass costs at the farm level and perform a life cycle assessment for 15 scenarios assuming future yields over a 15-year lifetime, comparing it to existing crops like rye and triticale. Initial results show E. elongata has summer dormancy that allows it to resist drought, a deep root system suited for alkaline soils, and literature reports biomass productions of 3-16 odt
Canopy management tree training & crop loading – opportunities to learn fro...MacadamiaSociety
The document discusses crop load and productivity in macadamia orchards, drawing lessons from apple crop management. It summarizes that crop load affects tree physiology, flowering, and yield. High crop load leads to small fruits/nuts and low vegetative growth, while low crop load increases vegetative growth and fruit/nut size. Apple growers strategically manage crop loads to balance productivity and quality over seasons. The author believes macadamia growers need better understanding of crop load effects to develop management methods.
Telling the Data Comparison Story Using A Skyline Graph (Instead of Two Pies)Bill Caemmerer
The document discusses using a skyline graph to compare data over time instead of pie charts. It notes that skyline graphs make it easier to see relative changes between categories and identify the biggest changes. The presentation provides examples of skyline graphs and how they better convey stories about "what happened" with data comparisons than traditional charts like pie charts.
This presentation was given to me by a senior officer of the Victoria state government--who has dealt with water reforms.
Australia's federal government has a senior officer (equivalent to our Additional Secretary) whose job title is First Assistant Secretary, WATER REFORMS.
The document discusses the limitations of the Fourier transform for analyzing non-stationary signals and introduces the wavelet transform as a solution. Specifically, it notes that the Fourier transform only shows the frequencies present in a signal but not when they occur over time. In contrast, the wavelet transform provides time-frequency representation by decomposing a signal into scaled and translated versions of the original or "mother" wavelet. This time-frequency representation allows the wavelet transform to be useful for applications like image compression, signal de-noising, and edge and rupture detection.
4 dimension and properties table c shapeChhay Teng
This document provides dimensional and mechanical properties for various C-shaped cross section profiles. It lists nominal dimensions such as depth, web thickness, flange width and thickness, along with mechanical properties including section area, elastic modulus, plastic modulus, shear center location, polar moment of inertia, and warping constant. C-shapes ranging from 380x0.73mm to 80x0.073mm are specified. Key dimensional and mechanical properties are given to characterize each cross sectional geometry.
This document provides an overview of Duratex's business for the first semester of 2003. It summarizes Duratex's main business segments, competitors, shareholders, stock performance, capital expenditures, industrial capacity levels, and debt structure. Key points include Duratex's preferred shareholders being led by Itaúsa and pension funds, its preferred stock appreciating 22.1% in the first semester, CAPEX of R$103.5 million and EBITDA of R$139.4 million, and ramping up production of its new MDF plant.
The document discusses principles of sustainable sanitation. It defines sanitation as protecting and promoting human health and nutrition while protecting the environment. Sustainable sanitation systems are financially viable, socially acceptable, protect health and the environment. The document outlines a sanitation ladder and discusses criteria for sustainability, including health and hygiene, socio-cultural acceptance, financial and economic factors, environmental impacts, and technological appropriateness. Readers are instructed to apply these criteria to assess sanitation systems in their localities.
The document summarizes a GWP side event at the Seventh "Environment for Europe" Ministerial Conference in Astana, Kazakhstan. The event discussed how economic growth relates to water resources management and the need for an integrated approach. Speakers emphasized balancing multiple water uses, the role of civil society in water reforms, and how climate change threatens water security and could exacerbate conflicts. The discussion highlighted political commitments to integrated management and planning across sectors such as land and water.
The document discusses the European Open Data Centre (EODC) and its goals and services. The EODC aims to develop shared earth observation resources and connect science with operations through collaboration. It provides various services including data access, software development support, and a science integration platform. The EODC infrastructure is based in Vienna and utilizes the local Scientific Cluster supercomputer for processing. It seeks cooperation from public, private, scientific and commercial partners to further its mission.
This document discusses drought hazards and climate change impacts in Romania. It notes increasing temperatures, more hot days, and decreasing precipitation, especially in southern regions. This increases the probability of drought events. Climate models project increases in tropical nights and heat waves by 2021-2050.
The National Meteorological Administration's networks monitor these impacts. The agency is modernizing stations to automatically collect meteorological and soil moisture data. Projects also use remote sensing to estimate crop water use under climate change.
Climate scenarios indicate greater drought risk. The agency aims to improve monitoring and early warning systems to help address agricultural and economic vulnerabilities.
The document provides an overview of the Integrated Drought Management Programme in Central and Eastern Europe (IDMP CEE) organized by the Global Water Partnership Central and Eastern Europe (GWP CEE). The IDMP CEE was launched in 2013 with funding from the European Union and involved over 40 organizations from 10 countries. The goals of the program were to increase drought resilience in the region by enhancing drought monitoring, management, and mitigation measures. Key outputs included drought monitoring guidelines, national consultation dialogues on drought policy, demonstration projects on risk assessment and forecasting, and knowledge sharing platforms. The workshop agenda indicated presentations on progress achieved and discussions on continuing drought management efforts in the region.
This document summarizes communications activities for the Integrated Drought Management Programme for Central and Eastern Europe (IDMP CEE) from October 2014 to April 2015. It describes the creation of an IDMP CEE website and brochure in early 2014 to provide information about the programme. It also discusses a photo competition in August 2014 to raise drought awareness, posters created to promote national consultation dialogues, and two informational videos uploaded to YouTube in November 2014. Upcoming publications mentioned include IDMP CEE guidelines, fact sheets, and infographics.
This document proposes a Regional Integrated Drought Management Program for South Asia. It notes that South Asia experiences frequent droughts that impact food security, poverty and development. The program would establish a regional drought monitoring and early warning system, develop drought management strategies, and create a South Asia drought endowment fund. It would benefit governments, organizations and vulnerable communities. Key outputs include a framework for a Regional Drought Management Center and policy papers to strengthen national drought policies. The program aims to build regional cooperation and resilience to climate change impacts.
GWP CEE has been active in several areas from 2009-2013 including cooperating with strategic partners like the UNECE Water Convention and ICPDR, contributing to EU regional strategies like the Danube Strategy, working on sustainable sanitation and public awareness. Some challenges have included flexibility given capabilities at national and regional levels and seeking legal status for GWP CEE. Lessons include enhancing cooperation between GWP CEE and TEC to produce higher quality products and exploring interregional cooperation.
This document provides an introduction to sustainable sanitation. It discusses that while access to safe drinking water has improved globally, over 1 billion people still lack access. The UN Millennium Development Goals committed to halving the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015. However, 3 billion people still lack access to basic sanitation services. The document introduces that sustainable sanitation is needed to address this issue and meet the UN development targets.
The Global Water Partnership in Central and Eastern Europe (GWP CEE) works with 12 country partnerships in the region to promote integrated water resources management and support sustainable development through initiatives like stakeholder dialogues, case studies, and guidance on issues like floods and sanitation. GWP CEE is part of the broader Global Water Partnership network established in 1996 to foster integrated management of water and related resources at all levels through multi-sectoral cooperation.
This document discusses climate change and its impacts. It notes that over 50% of warming since 1951 is due to increased greenhouse gases and other human factors. The globe is warmer than a century ago and natural disasters have increased. Future projections show continued warming and changes to precipitation patterns and crop yields that increase risks if emissions are not reduced. Improved governance may help mitigate conflicts between economic sectors competing over water resources under climate change.
This document outlines the agenda for a two-day workshop discussing drought management. On the first day, there were presentations on the progress of various drought-related activities and demonstration projects in different countries. In the afternoon, there was a training session on a drought information exchange platform. The second day focused on the demonstration projects, with each project briefly presenting their progress and plans for the future. The workshop aimed to foster collaboration between the projects and discuss next steps.
Effective development policies must consider water and related ecosystems by developing strategies that account for the water needs of all sectors. Sustainable management of water resources and ecosystems requires high-level leadership, inter-sectoral cooperation, functioning institutions, climate information, appropriate infrastructure, and good governance. Failure to properly plan, prepare, and act could result in the failure to sustainably manage water to meet development needs and increase vulnerability rather than resilience to climate change.
This document discusses participatory planning and decision making for water and sanitation projects. It outlines a 5 step process: 1) Exploring to collect background information and establish community involvement. 2) Demand creation through awareness raising to ensure solutions meet community needs. 3) Participatory decision making where stakeholders collectively understand issues, decide on solutions, and plan projects. 4) Implementation by translating plans into measurable projects with timelines. 5) Ensuring sustainability through participatory monitoring, operation and maintenance to avoid project failures. The process aims to increase community ownership and demand-driven solutions through involvement at all stages.
In 3 sentences:
GWP CEE celebrated its 10th anniversary in Budapest by presenting results of major achievements over the past decade, including identifying a gap of 20 million EU citizens who lack access to safe and affordable sanitation. As Slovakia takes over the presidency of the ICPDR in 2009, priorities will include improving water quality and developing flood action plans for tributaries to achieve the goals of the EU Water Framework Directive. World Water Day 2009 focuses on shared waters and opportunities for cooperation in transboundary water management.
The document discusses OAuth, an open standard for authorization in a simple and secure manner. It explains the OAuth workflow with 3 steps: obtaining an unauthorized request token, obtaining user authorization, and obtaining an access token. It also covers OAuth signature methods like HMAC-SHA1 and RSA-SHA1, and how OAuth allows websites and applications to access protected resources from APIs without requiring users to disclose their passwords.
IR and DFT studies of Co/TiO2 Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. This work was presented at the 22nd North American Catalyst Society meeting on 9 June 2011. It elucitates the structure of Co and CoO Fischer-Tropsch catalysts used in production of synthetic fuels..
IR and DFT analysis of Fischer-Tropsch catalystsBIOVIA
IR and DFT studies of Co/TiO2 Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. This work was presented at the 22nd North American Catalyst Society meeting on 9 June 2011. It elucitates the structure of Co and CoO Fischer-Tropsch catalysts used in production of synthetic fuels..
The document discusses principles of sustainable sanitation. It defines sanitation as protecting and promoting human health and nutrition while protecting the environment. Sustainable sanitation systems are financially viable, socially acceptable, protect health and the environment. The document outlines a sanitation ladder and discusses criteria for sustainability, including health and hygiene, socio-cultural acceptance, financial and economic factors, environmental impacts, and technological appropriateness. Readers are instructed to apply these criteria to assess sanitation systems in their localities.
The document summarizes a GWP side event at the Seventh "Environment for Europe" Ministerial Conference in Astana, Kazakhstan. The event discussed how economic growth relates to water resources management and the need for an integrated approach. Speakers emphasized balancing multiple water uses, the role of civil society in water reforms, and how climate change threatens water security and could exacerbate conflicts. The discussion highlighted political commitments to integrated management and planning across sectors such as land and water.
The document discusses the European Open Data Centre (EODC) and its goals and services. The EODC aims to develop shared earth observation resources and connect science with operations through collaboration. It provides various services including data access, software development support, and a science integration platform. The EODC infrastructure is based in Vienna and utilizes the local Scientific Cluster supercomputer for processing. It seeks cooperation from public, private, scientific and commercial partners to further its mission.
This document discusses drought hazards and climate change impacts in Romania. It notes increasing temperatures, more hot days, and decreasing precipitation, especially in southern regions. This increases the probability of drought events. Climate models project increases in tropical nights and heat waves by 2021-2050.
The National Meteorological Administration's networks monitor these impacts. The agency is modernizing stations to automatically collect meteorological and soil moisture data. Projects also use remote sensing to estimate crop water use under climate change.
Climate scenarios indicate greater drought risk. The agency aims to improve monitoring and early warning systems to help address agricultural and economic vulnerabilities.
The document provides an overview of the Integrated Drought Management Programme in Central and Eastern Europe (IDMP CEE) organized by the Global Water Partnership Central and Eastern Europe (GWP CEE). The IDMP CEE was launched in 2013 with funding from the European Union and involved over 40 organizations from 10 countries. The goals of the program were to increase drought resilience in the region by enhancing drought monitoring, management, and mitigation measures. Key outputs included drought monitoring guidelines, national consultation dialogues on drought policy, demonstration projects on risk assessment and forecasting, and knowledge sharing platforms. The workshop agenda indicated presentations on progress achieved and discussions on continuing drought management efforts in the region.
This document summarizes communications activities for the Integrated Drought Management Programme for Central and Eastern Europe (IDMP CEE) from October 2014 to April 2015. It describes the creation of an IDMP CEE website and brochure in early 2014 to provide information about the programme. It also discusses a photo competition in August 2014 to raise drought awareness, posters created to promote national consultation dialogues, and two informational videos uploaded to YouTube in November 2014. Upcoming publications mentioned include IDMP CEE guidelines, fact sheets, and infographics.
This document proposes a Regional Integrated Drought Management Program for South Asia. It notes that South Asia experiences frequent droughts that impact food security, poverty and development. The program would establish a regional drought monitoring and early warning system, develop drought management strategies, and create a South Asia drought endowment fund. It would benefit governments, organizations and vulnerable communities. Key outputs include a framework for a Regional Drought Management Center and policy papers to strengthen national drought policies. The program aims to build regional cooperation and resilience to climate change impacts.
GWP CEE has been active in several areas from 2009-2013 including cooperating with strategic partners like the UNECE Water Convention and ICPDR, contributing to EU regional strategies like the Danube Strategy, working on sustainable sanitation and public awareness. Some challenges have included flexibility given capabilities at national and regional levels and seeking legal status for GWP CEE. Lessons include enhancing cooperation between GWP CEE and TEC to produce higher quality products and exploring interregional cooperation.
This document provides an introduction to sustainable sanitation. It discusses that while access to safe drinking water has improved globally, over 1 billion people still lack access. The UN Millennium Development Goals committed to halving the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015. However, 3 billion people still lack access to basic sanitation services. The document introduces that sustainable sanitation is needed to address this issue and meet the UN development targets.
The Global Water Partnership in Central and Eastern Europe (GWP CEE) works with 12 country partnerships in the region to promote integrated water resources management and support sustainable development through initiatives like stakeholder dialogues, case studies, and guidance on issues like floods and sanitation. GWP CEE is part of the broader Global Water Partnership network established in 1996 to foster integrated management of water and related resources at all levels through multi-sectoral cooperation.
This document discusses climate change and its impacts. It notes that over 50% of warming since 1951 is due to increased greenhouse gases and other human factors. The globe is warmer than a century ago and natural disasters have increased. Future projections show continued warming and changes to precipitation patterns and crop yields that increase risks if emissions are not reduced. Improved governance may help mitigate conflicts between economic sectors competing over water resources under climate change.
This document outlines the agenda for a two-day workshop discussing drought management. On the first day, there were presentations on the progress of various drought-related activities and demonstration projects in different countries. In the afternoon, there was a training session on a drought information exchange platform. The second day focused on the demonstration projects, with each project briefly presenting their progress and plans for the future. The workshop aimed to foster collaboration between the projects and discuss next steps.
Effective development policies must consider water and related ecosystems by developing strategies that account for the water needs of all sectors. Sustainable management of water resources and ecosystems requires high-level leadership, inter-sectoral cooperation, functioning institutions, climate information, appropriate infrastructure, and good governance. Failure to properly plan, prepare, and act could result in the failure to sustainably manage water to meet development needs and increase vulnerability rather than resilience to climate change.
This document discusses participatory planning and decision making for water and sanitation projects. It outlines a 5 step process: 1) Exploring to collect background information and establish community involvement. 2) Demand creation through awareness raising to ensure solutions meet community needs. 3) Participatory decision making where stakeholders collectively understand issues, decide on solutions, and plan projects. 4) Implementation by translating plans into measurable projects with timelines. 5) Ensuring sustainability through participatory monitoring, operation and maintenance to avoid project failures. The process aims to increase community ownership and demand-driven solutions through involvement at all stages.
In 3 sentences:
GWP CEE celebrated its 10th anniversary in Budapest by presenting results of major achievements over the past decade, including identifying a gap of 20 million EU citizens who lack access to safe and affordable sanitation. As Slovakia takes over the presidency of the ICPDR in 2009, priorities will include improving water quality and developing flood action plans for tributaries to achieve the goals of the EU Water Framework Directive. World Water Day 2009 focuses on shared waters and opportunities for cooperation in transboundary water management.
The document discusses OAuth, an open standard for authorization in a simple and secure manner. It explains the OAuth workflow with 3 steps: obtaining an unauthorized request token, obtaining user authorization, and obtaining an access token. It also covers OAuth signature methods like HMAC-SHA1 and RSA-SHA1, and how OAuth allows websites and applications to access protected resources from APIs without requiring users to disclose their passwords.
IR and DFT studies of Co/TiO2 Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. This work was presented at the 22nd North American Catalyst Society meeting on 9 June 2011. It elucitates the structure of Co and CoO Fischer-Tropsch catalysts used in production of synthetic fuels..
IR and DFT analysis of Fischer-Tropsch catalystsBIOVIA
IR and DFT studies of Co/TiO2 Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. This work was presented at the 22nd North American Catalyst Society meeting on 9 June 2011. It elucitates the structure of Co and CoO Fischer-Tropsch catalysts used in production of synthetic fuels..
CrossRef Presentation at E-Journal Summit Crossref
The document shows a graph tracking the number of retracted scientific articles from 1973 to 2010. It reveals that retractions were rare until the late 1980s but have been steadily increasing each year since, with over 100 retractions in 2010 alone. The graph also indicates whether public copies of the retracted articles could be found or if they had been removed from public databases and archives.
The team characterized the reservoir and found an original oil in place (OOIP) of 63.31 million stock tank barrels (MMSTB). Current recovery is 41.3% of the OOIP, leaving 37.14 MMSTB remaining. The team recommends expanding injector lines to improve the ineffective waterflood and recover more of the remaining 6% of OOIP valued at $410 million.
J. Ignacio López-Moreno: Effects of NAO on combined temperature and precipita...Jiří Šmída
This document discusses the effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on winter temperature, precipitation, and snow accumulation in Mediterranean mountains. It finds that negative NAO phases are correlated with colder and wetter conditions leading to increased snowfall, while positive phases are correlated with warmer and drier conditions and less snowfall. The study analyzes observational data from 1950-2005 and examines how different mountain regions are impacted. It aims to better understand these relationships and project how they may change in the 21st century due to increasing greenhouse gases.
AD spending and new mediaInternet and Web measurementsergejsantos
This document discusses trends in advertising spending and new media measurement. It shows that internet advertising spending is growing significantly while television remains the largest segment. New methods are being developed to measure online audiences and integrate traditional and digital media metrics. Key aspects of web measurement include page tags, server log files, and hybrid methods to track metrics like unique users, visits, and ad impressions across different platforms. The future of media measurement is moving towards tracking all digital interactions and communications across various channels.
This document discusses several future trends that pose strategic risks, including climate change, resource scarcity, technological change, and population shifts. It argues that business as usual approaches will not be sufficient to address these challenges and that major adaptation is needed across the economy, environment and society. Existing models of governance may also need to change to effectively tackle long-term trends and ensure current approaches remain adequate. Local governments have an important leadership role to play in managing risks and helping communities adapt.
Climate Change and Agriculture: Building Resilience Through Better Water Management in Southern Africa
David Molden
International Water
Management Institute
The document summarizes a presentation about declining streamflow and water availability in the Murray-Darling Basin given by Bill Young from the Murray-Darling Basin Authority. It discusses how the current drought compares to historical patterns, projections showing declines in rainfall and runoff due to climate change, and the impacts on natural flows, storage capacity, diversions and flows over structures. Under median 2030 climate projections, available water is projected to decline by 11% on average across the basin, reducing surface water diversions by 4% on average. Current water sharing arrangements would disproportionately impact the environment. The new Basin Plan aims to set sustainable diversion limits considering possible future climate conditions.
TRaCK research is providing science to support sustainable management of northern Australia's tropical rivers and estuaries. Three projects are modeling future development scenarios over 30 years, finding that 5% agriculture increases Indigenous income by 6% but reduces fish habitat and harvest by 11%, while 5% government investment increases Indigenous income 45% while reducing these impacts. TRaCK2 will focus on interdisciplinary problem-solving projects co-developed with stakeholders.
The document discusses methods for mooring floating structures in Japan, focusing on the use of rubber fenders. It describes four main mooring systems - chains/cables, tension legs, dolphins with fenders, and jackets/piles with fenders. The document then examines forces that affect floating structures like wind, waves, currents and seismic activity. It provides examples of floating structures moored using rubber fenders and discusses fender properties, performance factors, load-deflection characteristics, and variability in reactions forces over time.
Capitol Tweets: Yeas and Nays of the Congressional TwitterverseEdelman
Edelman’s Capitol Tweets study looks at U.S. Congressional performance on Twitter, including regional differences and levels of bipartisan engagement. These slides feature supporting graphs from the analysis.
The document discusses potential climate change impacts and adaptation strategies for agriculture in Vietnam, noting that rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and sea level rise are expected to negatively impact crop production but strategies like irrigation expansion, new crop varieties, and planting date adjustments could help increase resilience. It also outlines research activities to quantify mitigation potential from agricultural practices and pilot carbon credit projects to connect small farmers with carbon markets.
The Truth About Electric Vehicles in Cold WeatherFleetCarma
The document discusses how electric vehicle range is affected by cold weather and cabin heating use. It shows data that range decreases by 19% without cabin heat and 40% with maximum heat due to energy use. Graphs also show how auxiliary energy load and range decrease with lower temperatures. The document advocates that electric vehicles can have lower total ownership costs compared to gas vehicles, and fleet optimization software can help lower costs.
The document describes the design of a jet engine. It includes specifications for the fan, intermediate pressure compressor (IPC), high pressure compressor (HPC), combustion chamber, high pressure turbine (HPT), and low pressure turbine (LPT). Performance parameters like pressure ratio, mass flow, and efficiency are provided for each component. Diagrams show the engine's thermodynamic cycle and component geometries.
Ary Hoffmann_The importance of timing: threats to alpine vegetation from chan...TERN Australia
This document summarizes a monitoring project studying phenological changes in plant species in the Victorian Alps of Australia. The project aims to collect phenology, growth, and composition data across years and link it to plant fitness. Researchers use degree day models to model phenological variation across years and identify plant traits that make species more susceptible to climate change. The long-term goal is to understand drivers of phenological events in key species and determine fitness and community consequences of observed phenological changes.
Brazilian honey production is strong, with year-round crops across the country supported by floral diversity and resistant hybrid bee species. Brazil has over 350,000 beekeepers organized in cooperatives and producing honey without antibiotic residues. Exports of Brazilian honey have grown significantly over the past decade, reaching over $100 million USD annually, with key export markets in Spain, the UK, Germany, and NAFTA countries. The outlook for continued growth in Brazilian honey exports is positive.
This document provides specifications for the Marathon L2V220 lead-acid battery including:
1. Technical specifications such as rated voltage, capacity, dimensions, and weight.
2. Constant current discharge rates in amps (A) at different voltages and times ranging from 3 minutes to 20 hours.
3. Constant power discharge rates in watts per block (W/block) at different voltages and times ranging from 3 minutes to 10 hours.
4. The manufacturer and part number for ordering.
Similar to Central Asia Experiences in Drought Management by Galina Stulina, SIC - ICWC, GWP Central Asia and Caucasus (20)
The document summarizes a survey of the use of treatment wetlands (TW) for wastewater management in small communities (<2000 inhabitants) in Central and Eastern Europe. The survey found that while some countries like the Czech Republic have extensive experience with TW, other countries make little to no use of them due to factors like lack of awareness, deficient legislation, negative past experiences, and land limitations. Barriers to wider adoption of TW include unawareness among authorities and the public, deficits in wastewater discharge limits and planning programs, and institutional and market barriers. Solutions proposed include promoting TW through information sharing, improving legislation, and demonstrating good practice examples.
This document discusses follow up topics and activities for the Integrated Drought Management Programme in Central and Eastern Europe (IDMP CEE) and the Drought Management Center for Southeast Europe (DMCSEE). Four main thematic areas are proposed:
1) Drought monitoring including improving monitoring through remote sensing and connecting to existing platforms.
2) Upgrading drought risk assessment including promoting a common approach to risk assessment across countries and developing a drought risk atlas.
3) Drought cost assessment including developing a common methodology to assess costs and selecting pilot areas.
4) Drought management including updating drought management schemes, developing policy recommendations, and initiatives to harmonize drought planning methods across countries.
This document discusses research needs and vision for an integrated drought management programme in Central and Eastern Europe. It outlines several key points:
1. Climate change is projected to increase the frequency and severity of droughts globally, causing billions in losses annually. Many parts of the world are seeing long-term drying trends.
2. Future research should focus on drought as a natural hazard, impacts, and policy responses including developing drought management plans. Better communication of climate information to decision-makers is also needed.
3. Specific research needs include improving drought predictability, understanding impacts on environment and socioeconomics, and developing tools to assess and communicate drought risks under climate change. Maintaining cooperation and collaboration frameworks between research and
This document discusses Slovenia's involvement in several regional water management initiatives and plans. It begins by providing context on Slovenia's geographic position and participation in the 1992 UN Earth Summit. It then outlines key concepts from Agenda 21 like integrated water resource management. The rest of the document summarizes Slovenia's role in developing and implementing management plans for bodies of water like the Mediterranean Sea, Danube River, Sava River, and Adriatic-Ionic sea region. It also highlights examples of improved water quality and cooperation between Slovenia and neighboring countries on issues like pollution response.
This document discusses the EU Strategy for the Danube Region and tools for project implementation within the strategy. It provides background on macro-regional strategies in Europe, including the Danube strategy. It outlines the strategy's objectives and pillars related to protecting the environment. Specific priority areas and actions are described for restoring water quality and managing environmental risks. The roles of steering groups and coordinators in implementing the strategy through projects are explained. Guidelines for obtaining a letter of recommendation for project proposals are also provided.
The document discusses various European Union funding programmes that could be pursued for projects related to water management, floods, and droughts. It provides information on the LIFE Programme, Horizon 2020, and European territorial cooperation programmes, outlining details like eligible project types, financing amounts, and application procedures. Key funding opportunities mentioned include LIFE for demonstration projects, Horizon 2020 for applied research and innovation, and transnational cooperation programmes for developing joint strategies across borders.
The document describes the SATIDA project which aims to (1) develop a platform to analyze satellite data and link it to socioeconomic assessments to monitor drought risk, (2) test this with Doctors Without Borders in Central African Republic and Ethiopia, and (3) create a mobile app for field data collection. It outlines SATIDA's objectives, method of combining precipitation, soil moisture, temperature and vegetation indices to calculate an enhanced drought index, and demonstrates the platform and app for analyzing current and forecasted drought conditions and impacts.
The document discusses the Global Water Resources and Drought Management Initiative (G-WADI) network. It provides background on G-WADI, including its establishment, objectives, and organizational structure. It then summarizes activities of the Southeastern European G-WADI region, including validation of satellite rainfall estimates, outcomes of the 2014 Belgrade meeting, and future plans for the region. Key points are strengthening regional capacity for water resource management in arid/semi-arid areas through information sharing, training, and collaboration between regional centers.
This document summarizes an integrated drought monitoring system called InterDrought that was established in the Czech Republic over 15 years with support from Czech and international agencies. The system provides real-time drought monitoring across the Czech Republic at a 500x500m resolution based on soil moisture, vegetation conditions from satellite data, long-term climate forecasts, and reported drought impacts from farmers. The goals are to raise awareness of drought risks, engage users in monitoring and research, and sustain the system to continue providing drought monitoring, forecasts and research into the future.
This document summarizes the process and major achievements of the DROUGHT-R&SPI project from its initial call to completion. The project established four pan-European drought dialogue forums to foster research and science-policy interfacing. It also developed drought monitoring and forecasting tools, created an inventory of European drought impacts, and assessed drought impacts and vulnerability across multiple sectors. The project involved collaboration across 12 partners over 4 years, with a budget of 4.2 million Euros funded by the European Commission.
This document summarizes a project on integrated drought management in Central and Eastern Europe. It was a 3 year project from 2009-2012 with 15 partners from 9 countries and a budget of 2.1 million euros. The project had work packages on project management, dissemination, capacity building, monitoring systems, risk assessment, and ensuring the sustainability of the Drought Management Centre for Southeastern Europe. Key activities included training workshops, implementing drought indices, developing risk assessment methods, and creating vulnerability maps. The project was funded through the Transnational Cooperation programme in Southeast Europe.
The Integrated Drought Management Programme was launched in 2013 by the WMO and GWP to support implementing the outcomes of the High-Level Meeting on National Drought Policies. The HMNDP final declaration emphasized developing proactive drought risk management strategies including mitigation, planning, science, technology, public outreach, and resource management. It also promoted greater collaboration on observation networks and delivery systems to improve public awareness of drought risk and incorporate drought plans into development policies. The IDMP held regional workshops in several areas from 2013-2015 to provide guidance on developing national drought management policies.
The document discusses follow-up plans for promoting natural small water retention measures (NsWRM) in Central and Eastern Europe. It proposes developing technical guidelines on different NsWRM, a GIS-based decision support system tool for planners, and demonstration sites across the region. The document also discusses potential funding sources for regional projects in 2016, conducting hydrological and ecological monitoring at demonstration sites, and developing an analytical study on quantitative indices for evaluating combined NsWRM effectiveness in river basin management planning.
The document summarizes the proceedings of the 1st Working Group meeting on Cres held on April 8, 2015. Participants from universities, institutions, and companies discussed projects related to water and drought management in the Adriatic Sea impacted by climate change. Primoz Banovec presented the basics of EU funding opportunities, particularly the EU MED program. The working group proposed including in the project proposal: protecting Lake Vrana from climate change and monitoring underground conditions; assessing water abstraction from the lake; modernizing water supply networks; evaluating waste water treatment and reuse; and protecting small water retentions. The group agreed to include all proposed activities in the initial project proposal draft. A meeting was also held with the Mayor of Cres who pledged
Drought has varying impacts on forests in Bulgaria, Slovenia, Lithuania and Ukraine, and adaptation measures need to start now to mitigate these effects. Proposed follow-up pilot projects in forests would assess drought impacts, develop drought management plans, and establish demonstration projects in vulnerable forest types like mountain spruce-beech forests, Dinaric fir-beech forests, and weakened coppice oak forests. Successful projects require expertise in fields like meteorology, hydrology, biology and ecology in addition to forestry and GIS specialists.
This document summarizes communications activities for the Integrated Drought Management Programme for Central and Eastern Europe (IDMP CEE) from October 2014 to April 2015. It describes the creation of an IDMP CEE website and brochure in early 2014 to provide information about the programme. It also discusses a photo competition in August 2014 to raise drought awareness, posters created to promote national consultation dialogues, and two informational videos uploaded to YouTube in November 2014. Upcoming publications are also listed.
This document summarizes a forest demonstration project assessing drought impacts on forests in Bulgaria, Slovenia, Lithuania, and Ukraine. The project mapped temperature, precipitation, and forest vulnerability zones under current and future climate scenarios. It determined forest area and tree species distribution across vulnerability zones. The project identified adaptation measures to mitigate drought impacts in each country. It established a methodology to assess drought impacts on forests using climate projections and indicators that was implemented in four countries.
This document summarizes a project on natural small water retention measures. The project was led by Tomasz Okruszko and involved partners from Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The main objectives were to develop guidelines and case studies on natural small water retention measures for drought mitigation, flood protection, and biodiversity conservation. The guidelines provide definitions and examples of different natural retention techniques. Case studies from the partner countries demonstrate best practices and lessons learned. The project developed a GIS-based methodology to identify suitable areas for natural retention measures. Potential follow-up activities are also discussed.
This document summarizes a project aimed at increasing soil water holding capacity through agricultural practices and measures. The project was led by Pavol Bielek and involved partners from several Central and Eastern European countries over 2013-2015. Through field experiments in the participating countries, the project evaluated methods for increasing soil water capacity, including subsoiling, organic matter application, conservation tillage, composting tillage, and no-till farming. The project published articles and a book on its findings, and seeks to incorporate the approaches into university curriculum, agricultural extension services, and water management plans to promote wider adoption of the practices.
Fourth IDMP CEE workshop: Development of GIS Based Communication Technology Platform for the Sustainable Management of Transboundary Water Resources in Lithuania, Poland, Belarus and Kaliningrad Region by Edvinas Stonevicius
More from Global Water Partnership Central and Eastern Europe (20)
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Webinar: Designing a schema for a Data WarehouseFederico Razzoli
Are you new to data warehouses (DWH)? Do you need to check whether your data warehouse follows the best practices for a good design? In both cases, this webinar is for you.
A data warehouse is a central relational database that contains all measurements about a business or an organisation. This data comes from a variety of heterogeneous data sources, which includes databases of any type that back the applications used by the company, data files exported by some applications, or APIs provided by internal or external services.
But designing a data warehouse correctly is a hard task, which requires gathering information about the business processes that need to be analysed in the first place. These processes must be translated into so-called star schemas, which means, denormalised databases where each table represents a dimension or facts.
We will discuss these topics:
- How to gather information about a business;
- Understanding dictionaries and how to identify business entities;
- Dimensions and facts;
- Setting a table granularity;
- Types of facts;
- Types of dimensions;
- Snowflakes and how to avoid them;
- Expanding existing dimensions and facts.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Project Management Semester Long Project - Acuityjpupo2018
Acuity is an innovative learning app designed to transform the way you engage with knowledge. Powered by AI technology, Acuity takes complex topics and distills them into concise, interactive summaries that are easy to read & understand. Whether you're exploring the depths of quantum mechanics or seeking insight into historical events, Acuity provides the key information you need without the burden of lengthy texts.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Central Asia Experiences in Drought Management by Galina Stulina, SIC - ICWC, GWP Central Asia and Caucasus
1. Central Asia experiences In
drought management
Vadim Sokolov, Galina Stulina
GPW, SIC ICWC
Bratislava
October, 2012
2. Central Asia
Central Asia is region, where drought is routine condition of life
and crop production and agricultural production are adapted to
such enormous climatic conditions.
3. The Basic Indicators of Water and Land
Resources Development in the Aral Sea Basin
Indicator Unit 1960 1980 1990 2010 Forecast (2020)
Optimistic Pessimistic
48.5
Population million 14,4 26,8 33,6 54,0 70,0
thousand 8201
Irrigated area 4510 6920 7600 9330 9300
hectares
Irrigated area per capita ha/capita 0,32 0,26 0,23 0.17 0,17 0,12
109.5
Total water withdrawal km3/year 60,61 120,69 116,27 104,5 117,0
91.6
Including for irrigation km3/year 56,15 106,79 106,4 86,8 96,7
Specific withdrawal
m3/ha 12450 15430 14000 11171 9300 10400
per 1 hectare
Specific withdrawal
m3/capita 4270 4500 3460 2259 1935 1670
per capita
GNP bln.USD 16,1 48,1 74,0 76.7 109 77,0
4. b) Climate change W
N
E
Uzhydromet
S
Ano1320
> 40
40 - 60
60 - 80
80 - 100
100 - 120
120 - 140
>160
Long-term changes of the annual sums of precipitations
200
Regional indicators of change of a climate
180
160
Ant13200
140
-1.2 120
-0.8
-0.4 100
0.0
0.4 80
0.8 60
1.2
1.6 40
20
N
0
W E 1933 1939 1945 1951 1957 1963 1969 1975 1981 1987 1993 1999
S
1.5
1
0.6
0.5 evaporation
0.4
0
0.2
-0.5
0
-1
-0.2
-1.5
-0.4
-2
-0.6
-2.5 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
1933 1939 1945 1951 1957 1963 1969 1975 1981 1987 1993 1999
5. Annual national temperatures increased
by:
• 0.29 0C every 10 years in Uzbekistan (1950–
2005);
• 0.26 0C every 10 years in Kazakhstan (1936–
2005);
• 0.18 0C every 10 years in Turkmenistan
(1961–1995);
• 0.10 0C every 10 years in Tajikistan (1940–
2005);
• 0.08 0C every 10 years in Kyrgyzstan (1883–
2005).
6. 40
Суммарный сток Нарын, Карадарья, Чирчик
Extreme events
35
30
1945-1965
occurrence
25
км3
20 Средний
15 уровень
Total Runoff of
10
5 Naryn, Karadarya
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 and Chirchik Rivers
Средний период повторения маловодья
4,25 года
Frequency of dry Суммарный сток Нарын, Карадарья, Чирчик
year occurrence is
40.00
4.25 year on average 35.00
30.00
1980-2004
25.00
км3
20.00
Средний
15.00
уровень
Frequency of dry year 10.00
5.00
occurrence is 3 year on 0.00
average 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
Средний период повторения маловодья
3 года
7. c) Anthropogenic drought
Am u Darya River
100000
90000
80000
70000
60000
mln.m3
50000
40000
Most
30000
20000
dangerous type
10000
0 of drought it’s
anthropogenic,
32
35
38
41
44
47
50
53
56
59
62
65
68
71
74
77
80
83
86
89
92
95
98
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
Pyandj+Vaksh Kerki Tuyamuyun Chatly
manmade,
which is
Syr Darya River
caused by
35000 wrong methods
30000
25000 of water
mln.m3
20000
15000 managing,
10000
5000 allocation and
0
operation.
1932
1935
1938
1941
1944
1947
1950
1953
1956
1959
1962
1965
1968
1971
1974
1977
1980
1983
1986
1989
1992
1995
1998
Total w ater resources Kal Bekabad
8. Change in
landscape on the
exposed bed of
the Aral Sea
Amudarya channel
Tamarix
Populus Asiana
Change in vegetation. Withered trees and bushes
9. Principal directions of Climate
changes program in Central Asia
•Public Awareness
•Adaptation
10. Forecasting activity and broad information allow
designing and implementing adaptive complex.
All adaptation measures related to agriculture and
water should be divided on three levels:
• national measures, including strategy;
• regional measures (taking into account
transboundary waters);
• local level, especially farm level - adaptive response.
11. И зм е н е н и е п р о до л ж и т е л ь н о с т и п е р и о да в е г е т а ц и и х л о п ч а т н и к а
( С р е дн е г о с о р т а )
П о п р о г н о зу H a dC M 2 н а у р о в е н ь
16 43 30 45 19
2020 г.
Б а зо в ы й 20 43 29 48 21
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
С е в - в с х о ды
В с х о ды - б у т о н и за ц и я
Б у т о н и за ц и я - ц в е т е н и е
Ц ве т е н и е р а с кр ы т и е 1 -ы х ко р о б о ч е к
Р а с к р ы т и е 1 - ы х к о р о б о ч е к с о зр е в а н и е 7 0 % к о р о б о ч е к
Change of growing period
12. Change in vegetation cover
early ripening Early ripening variety
variety Скороспелые сорта
50
50
Дни
Days
0
Сев- Всходы-
Базовый
0 19 43 28 42 Base option
Soving- Sprouting- Budding Flowering-
вариант
Climate change
Изменение 1915
Base option 40 43 29 28
39 42
Climate климата
change 15 40 29 39
Фенологическая фаза
Phenological phase Late ripening variety
80
late ripening variety
60
Days
40
Base option 20
0
Soving- Sprouting- Flowering-
Budding
sprouting budding opening
Climate change Base option 20 47 30 64
Climate change 16 46 30 56
Phenological phase
13. 24-Apr
14-Apr
4-Apr
25-Mar Crossing over
the Limits
date
15-Mar
5-Mar
24-Feb Established for
14-Feb Air
4-Feb
25-Jan Temperatures
0 5 10 15 20
(оС)
Tashkent average
Ташкент Ср Ташкент 1 Карши Ср Карши 1
Ср – present conditions, 1 – under climate changes: using data of
weather stations in Tashkent and Kashkadarya provinces)
14. Practices used by farmers
Practices used by farmers
Flow Measurement
16. Traditional method of water saving in time of
drought is “alternative” irrigation - water is
applied not to each furrow, but to every
other one
17. Water productivity
Inflow
Inflow Yield changes Productivity
changes Irrigation water
(growing Yield against the changes against
against the productivity
season) control the control
control
Irrigation schemes
m3/ha kg/ha
Alternate irrigation (with filmy) 725 -20 5400 35 7.4 69
Every furrow irrigation (with filmy) 915 1 5520 38 6.0 37
Alternate irrigation (without filmy) 730 -20 3400 -15 4.7 6
Every furrow irrigation (without filmy) 907 0 4000 0 4.4 0
18. Irrigation by water mixed with manure (local name “sharvat”).
Water to irrigated field flows through a big hole, in which
manure is put preliminary for proper mixing with water and
following delivery to furrow
30% attempted to
reduce losses by
mulching of furrow or
installation of
polyethylene strip in
head of furrow.
19.
20. Change in area of
Improving water-allowance zones
accuracy of
water delivery
from ±10% to
±2%
Actual water delivery
21. Use of water by winter wheat, depending on year’s
water availability
25. • Central Asian countries have to develop their own
National Policies to deal with climate change, where the
development of alternative environmentally friendly
energy sources and energy efficiency should become key
priorities. They should also take responsibility for
financing the implementation of these policies.
• Policies and activities for preventing climate change and
climate change adaptation should be integrated into the
socioeconomic development policies. The countries of
the region should improve intersectoral and
interdepartmental coordination.
26. • The transfer of new techniques and methods for climate
change adaptation and emissions reduction should be
combined with the transfer of relevant knowledge and skills
to local experts in order to develop and establish local
production, service industry, and to build capacity in whole.
• The process of development and implementation of policy in
the sphere of climate change should be open and
transparent. Governments and governmental bodies need
to hold broad consultations with communities and take into
account opinions of public organizations while making
decisions.