This document provides instructions for configuring remote access and secure file transfers using OpenSSH on CentOS 5. It describes how to configure SSH for password-less authentication using public key authentication. It also explains how to optionally rebuild OpenSSH 5.4p1 to enable additional access restrictions and features. Scripts are provided to help administer user accounts and setup file structure for hosting users.
Making the secure communication between Server and Client with https protocolArmenuhi Abramyan
The layout of the presentation:
* Secure Socket Layer (SSL), how it works?
* Installation of the Apache 2.2.14 on a Linux machine
* Enabling of SSL module on Apache
* Certificate generation commands
* Testing
Making the secure communication between Server and Client with https protocolArmenuhi Abramyan
The layout of the presentation:
* Secure Socket Layer (SSL), how it works?
* Installation of the Apache 2.2.14 on a Linux machine
* Enabling of SSL module on Apache
* Certificate generation commands
* Testing
Odoo 15 introduces exciting new features, a better user experience, and performance enhancements. The database management system in Odoo 15 needs Python 3.8 and PostgreSQL. Let's get this party started right away.
Odoo 15 introduces exciting new features, a better user experience, and performance enhancements. The database management system in Odoo 15 needs Python 3.8 and PostgreSQL. Let's get this party started right away.
Presentations from Session I11 at the International Forum on Quality and Safety in Healthcare, London 21-24 April. http://internationalforum.bmj.com/
Introduced by Robert Varnam, this session reviewed the lessons being learned since groups of primary care practices were given 75% of the health budget of England in 2013.
More information can be found in our Storify at
How to install Setup & Configure SSH Jump Server on a Linux boxEzee Login
Ezeelogin is an SSH gateway software solution, that enables enterprises to deploy their own custom SSH jump box in minutes. We empower thousands of enterprises across the globe to securely administrate and manage their Linux server infrastructure. router, switches via SSH to know more, do visit: https://www.ezeelogin.com
Internal knowledge share on SSH setup and usage. Includes some helpful config file options to save time and how to create and use SSH keys for better security and productivity.
Author: Jameel Nabbo
Company: UITSEC
This guide contain a practical hands on Linux privilege escalation techniques and methods. based on a real penetration testing experience.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
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Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
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Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
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Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
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Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4
Cent os 5 ssh
1. CentOS 5 SSH+SFTP for remote
access and secure file transfers
[OpenSSH]
Submitted by firewing1 on Wed, 05/04/2011 - 18:42
This how-to will show you how to configure:
Remote access over SSH via OpenSSH
o Secure, password-less authentication
o Optional: OpenSSH 5.4p1 to allow restrict shell access and jail users by group
Secure file transfers over SFTP
Configuring OpenSSH
openssh-server is already installed by default, it just needs to be configured. We will
disable root logins as well as all password-based logins in favour of the more secure public
key authentication. If you do not already have a SSH key, you should take the time to
create one now by running ssh-keygen on the computer you will be using to access the
server remotely.
The following will configure SSH as described above:
cat << EOF >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#
## Customizations ##
# Some of the settings here duplicate defaults, however this is to ensure that
# if for some reason the defaults change in the future, your server's
# configuration will not be affected.
# Do not allow root to login over SSH. If you need to become root, login as your
# regular use and use su - instead.
PermitRootLogin no
# Disable password authentication and enable key authentication. This will
# force users to use key-based authentication which is more secure and will
# protect against some automated brute force attacks on the server. As well,
# this section disables some unneeded authentication types. If you wish to use
# them, modify this section accordingly.
PasswordAuthentication no
PubkeyAuthentication yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
KerberosAuthentication no
# Do not allow TCP or X11 forwarding by default.
AllowTcpForwarding no
X11Forwarding no
2. # Why give such a large window? If the user has not provided credentials in 30
# seconds, disconnect the user.
LoginGraceTime 30s
EOF
Let's make sure SSH starts on boot, restart the service immediately and finally add the
firewall exception for port 22:
chkconfig sshd on
service sshd restart
iptables -I RH-Firewall-1-INPUT 4 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
service iptables save
Because we have disabled root access over SSH, it is time to create a regular user that you
can used to login over ssh and then gain root access:
useradd myusername
passwd myusername
su - myusername
mkdir -m 0700 .ssh
touch .ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys
exit
restorecon -v -r /home/myusername
Now add the contents of your ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub file to .ssh/authorized_keys on the server.
Optional (but recommended): Rebuilding OpenSSH 5.x
Although SSH will function perfectly fine with this bare configuration, it is not the most
secure possible. CentOS 5 comes with OpenSSH version 4.3p2 which is rather outdated.
Instead of using 4.3p2, OpenSSH version 5.4p1 (from Fedora 13) can be rebuilt which
offers a slew of new features such as access control via user/group matching and SFTP
jailrooting.
yum install fedora-packager
su - myusername
cd ~/rebuilds
fedpkg clone -a openssh
cd openssh
fedpkg switch-branch f13
Before the package can be rebuilt, a few changes need to be made to make it work on
CentOS 5. Edit openssh/F-13/openssl.spec and find the line BuildRequires: tcp_wrappersdevel at approximately line number 142. Simply remove the -devel so that the line now
readsBuildRequires: tcp_wrappers. Just below, you will also notice a
statement BuildRequires: openssl-devel >= 0.9.8j.
Remove the version requirement so that the line reads BuildRequires: openssl-devel. Lastly,
near line 178 find the lineRequires: pam >= 1.0.1-3 and once again, remove the version
requirement so that the line reads Requires: pam.
Now that the RPM spec file has been modified, we also need to change the PAM
configuration file as the one from Fedora 13 uses some modules that are not present in
CentOS 5:
3. cat << EOF > sshd.pam
#%PAM-1.0
auth
include
system-auth
account
required
pam_nologin.so
account
include
system-auth
password
include
system-auth
# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule
session
required
pam_selinux.so close
session
required
pam_loginuid.so
# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user
context
session
required
pam_selinux.so open env_params
session
optional
pam_keyinit.so force revoke
session
include
system-auth
EOF
The package is ready to be rebuild for CentOS 5. Execute the following to rebuild and
install OpenSSH 5.4p1:
yum install gtk2-devel libX11-devel autoconf automake zlib-devel audit-libs-devel pamdevel fipscheck-devel openssl-devel krb5-devel libedit-devel ncurses-devel libselinuxdevel xauth
fedpkg local
exit
rpm -Uhv /home/myusername/rebuilds/openssh/[arch]/openssh-{5,server,clients}*.rpm
rm -f /etc/ssh/sshd_config.rpmnew
Remember to replace [arch] in the second to last command with the appropriate value (most
probably i686 for 32-bit machines or x86_64 for 64-bit machines). We can take now
advantage of the new features to harden SSH! The configuration segment below will
restrict access for members of the serv_sftponly group such that only SFTP access is
permitted and those users are jailed to the "web" folder in their home directory (so that they
can only upload/download files from their website). Members of the serv_sshall group have
full SSH and SFTP access, as well as X11 and TCP forwarding.
mkdir /srv/sftp
groupadd serv_sftponly
groupadd serv_sshall
usermod -a -G serv_sshall myusername
sed -i'' 's|Subsystemtsftpt/usr/libexec/openssh/sftpserver|#Subsystemtsftpt/usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server|' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
cat << EOF >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#
## Access control ##
# We need to use the internal sftp subsystem
Subsystem
sftp
internal-sftp
# Allow access if user is in these groups
AllowGroups serv_sftponly serv_sshall
# We can't use a path relative to ~ (or %h) because we make the user homes
# /public_html in order to get the chroot above working properly. As a result,
# we need to set an absolute path that will make SSH look in the usual place
# for authorized keys.
AuthorizedKeysFile /home/%u/.ssh/authorized_keys
# Give tunnelling + X11 access to users who are members of group "serv_sshall"
Match group serv_sshall
X11Forwarding yes
AllowTcpForwarding yes
4. # Restrict users who are members of group "serv_sftponly"
Match group serv_sftponly
# Some settings here may duplicate the global settings, just to be safe.
#PasswordAuthentication yes
X11Forwarding no
AllowTcpForwarding no
# Force the internal SFTP subsystem and jailroot the user in their home.
# %u gets substituted with the user name, %h with home
ForceCommand internal-sftp
ChrootDirectory /srv/sftp/%u
EOF
service sshd restart
The /srv/sftp/username folder is used instead of the user's entire home because it prevents
the user from making any potentially unwanted configuration changes (such as authorizing
additional ssh public keys) as well as accidentally deleting files, such as the mailfolder
which holds all of that domain's emails. One now simply needs to link /srv/sftp/username to
the appropriate web folder to jail the user there. For example:
ln -s ../../home/username/web /srv/sftp/username
You do not need to do this manually, as the user setup script will run this for you.
As well, note that the configuration includes the commented line #PasswordAuthentication
Yes in the serv_sftponly MatchGroup section. If you so wish, you can uncomment this line
to have password authentication enabled ONLY for users of the serv_sftponly group. While
password authentication is less secure than public key authentication, it is much more
convenient for your clients if you are building a shared hosting machine and if a hacker
does gain access because a user had an easy to guess password, they only gain access to a
single jailed SFTP client.
Denyhosts
You may be wondering why I haven't included any information about software that can
block repeated SSH intrusions such as denyhosts... I have placed this information, along
with other server security tips, in the security tutorial (coming soon). Please see it for more
information.
Administering the server
Setting up the scripts
The following code will setup the "hosting_user_add" script which can be used to add new
hosting users on your server:
mkdir -p /root/bin
cat << EOF > /root/bin/hosting_user_add
#!/bin/sh
# "chown root.root"s are implied, but kept to be safe
if [ -z $1 ];then
echo "Usage: $1 user1 [user2]"
exit 1
fi
for username in "$@";do
5. read -p "Restrict $username (make member of serv_sftponly)? [Y/n] " -t 60 -n 1
response
echo
if [ "$response" == "n" ] || [ "$response" == "N" ];then
echo "*** Creating normal user $username"
useradd -G serv_sshall $username
else
echo "*** Creating restricted user $username"
useradd -G serv_sftponly -s /sbin/nologin $username
fi
chown $username.apache /home/$username
chmod 710 /home/$username
# Set password
passwd $username
# Initialize mail storage folder
mkdir -m 0700 /home/$username/mail
chown $username.$username /home/$username/mail
# Initialize web folders
mkdir -p -m 0755 /home/$username/web
chown root.root /home/$username/web
# Web: logs
mkdir -p -m 0750 /home/$username/web/logs
chown root.$username /home/$username/web/logs
# Web: offline/private storage
mkdir -p -m 0755 /home/$username/web/storage
chown $username.$username /home/$username/web/storage
# Web: docroot
mkdir -m 0755 /home/$username/web/public_html
ln -s public_html /home/$username/web/www
# make it so they can't remove the symlink
chown -h root.root /home/$username/web/www
chown $username.$username /home/$username/web/public_html
# Web: PHP error log
touch /home/$username/web/php_error_log
chown $username.$username /home/$username/web/php_error_log
chattr +u /home/$username/web/php_error_log
# Initialize session folder
mkdir -m 0770 /var/lib/php/session/$username
chown root.$username /var/lib/php/session/$username
# SSH: SFTP login
ln -s ../../home/$username/web /srv/sftp/$username
# SSH: Authorized keys dir
mkdir -m 0700 /home/$username/.ssh
chown $username.$username /home/$username/.ssh
# Key description here
echo "your_key_here" >> /home/$username/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 600 /home/$username/.ssh/authorized_keys
chown $username.$username /home/$username/.ssh/authorized_keys
restorecon -v -r /home/$username
done
EOF
chmod +x /root/bin/hosting_user_add
You will need to edit /root/bin/hosting_user_add later and replace your_key_here with your
6. own SSH key so that you can login to the account should you ever need to test or do
administration work.
Adding a new system account
/root/bin/hosting_user_add new_username
If you are adding many accounts, you can optionally specify more than one username to
have each account be created at once. For each user specified, you will be prompted if for
both their password and restricted status. Passwords can and should be set randomly
because with key-based authentication, they should never have to enter it anyways.