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CEWiT
                                                   INDIA




Indic SMS Support in 3GPP Standard
                 Dr. Nadeem Akhtar
     Centre of Excellence in Wireless Technology


           Workshop on Indian Language SMS
                 September 23, 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                                  INDIA


             CEWiT – An Introduction
      Government of India (DIT) initiative - started in 2004
            A Public-Private Partnership - Academia/Industry/Government
      Vision:
            Enable India to become a true leader in wireless technology and make it an engine of
             its economic growth
      Mission:
            To develop indigenous next generation wireless technologies and products
            Actively participate in global wireless research and standardization


      Strong emphasis on contributing to 4G standards and developing IPR


      The Broadband Wireless Consortium of India (BWCI) was launched in 2007 to
       provide a national forum for broadband wireless
            CEWiT is co-ordinating BWCI activities


24 September, 2009                                                       Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                                                      INDIA


           SMS Usage in India
      SMS continues to be most popular non-voice service but usage levels
       are still low compared to other countries
                                                                      SMS Usage (2008)

                                                        800
                     Messages sent per user per month




                                                        700

                                                        600

                                                        500

                                                        400

                                                        300

                                                        200

                                                        100

                                                         0
                                                              India            China     Philippines


    Sources:
    1. Philippines & China: Mobile Messaging Futures 2009-2013, Portio Research
    2. India: The Indian Telecom Services Performance Indicators October– December 2008, TRAI

24 September, 2009                                                                           Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                            INDIA


             Explaining the Gap
      One of the contributing factors towards high SMS usage in Philippines
       and China is pricing
            In Philippines, SMS started as a free service!
            Voice calls are cheaper in India but SMS pricing levels are relatively higher
      Another important factor is the use of standards-based solutions for
       local language SMS
            Both countries have lower English-literacy levels compared to India which
             means that local language SMS is used heavily
            In Philippines, local languages use Roman script, so 7-bit default GSM
             alphabet can be used
            The inherent efficiency of Chinese language mitigates the inefficiency of 2-
             byte UCS-2 encoding



24 September, 2009                                                 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                         INDIA


             Reach of Indian Languages
      In urban India, only 37% of the literate population knows English; the
       number drops to 17% in rural areas


      10 out of top 30 most-widely used languages worldwide are Indian


      8 out of top 50 best-selling newspapers in the world are published in an
       Indian language
            Compared to only 3 English language papers from India in the list


      Despite these impressive statistics, not a single Indian language makes
       to the list to most-widely used languages in the mobile/Internet world



24 September, 2009                                              Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                           INDIA


           Indic SMS: Key Elements




             Text Entry            Encoding                  Decoding          Display
                                              Transmission


                          Sender                                    Receiver




24 September, 2009                                                Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                                    INDIA


             SMS in Indian Languages
      Current Scenario
            SMS in several Indic languages is currently supported by operators
                    Based on proprietary picture-messaging based solutions since UCS-2 is inefficient
                     and/or not supported
                    Picture-enabled handsets needed to display SMS


            Handsets with Indian language keypads are available
                    Variation in keypad layouts across vendors/devices


            Lack of memory-efficient display solutions


      CEWiT has worked extensively on the encoding issue over the last 18
       months

24 September, 2009                                                         Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                                   INDIA


           Encoding Schemes
        GSM Alphabet – Supports languages that use Latin character set
        UCS-2 – Supports all major languages of the world
        User-defined – Any arbitrary character set can be defined



                     GSM Alphabet (7 bits)           160 characters




                      User-defined (8 bits)      140 characters



                           UCS-2 (16 bits) 70 characters


                                                           Message Size

24 September, 2009                                                        Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                           INDIA


             Encoding Indian Languages in UCS-2
      Users who want to send an SMS in an Indian language are faced with
       two disadvantages from the encoding point of view


            Complexity of Indic scripts results in relatively high number of characters
             per word on the average


            With UCS-2 encoding, only 70 characters are allowed per message


      The net result is that only a a few words can go in a single SMS




24 September, 2009                                                Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                    INDIA


             Encoding Requirements
      Basic requirement
            Standards-based solution with the same level of encoding efficiency
             as the 7-bit GSM alphabet


      Additional requirements
          All 22 official languages must be supported
          Support for bi-lingual messaging (Indic + English)


    Optional requirement
          Enable easy transliteration between Indian languages



24 September, 2009                                         Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                           INDIA


             3GPP Standards
      3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) is the premier body when it
       comes to global mobile telephony standards
            Maintains the GSM standards
            Defined the 3G-WCDMA standard (now evolved to HSPA)
            Currently finalising the specification of Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard;
             work has already started on LTE-Advanced
            Technical specification of various services such as SMS, CBS, USSD etc is
             also done by 3GPP


      3GPP amended the SMS standards in 2008 to accommodate a request
       from Turkey to support the full Turkish alphabet
            Introduced 7-bit ‘National Language’ tables


24 September, 2009                                                Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                                     INDIA


             Support for National Languages
      Two methods have been specified for including National Language
       characters in a short message


            Single shift mechanism
                    ‘Escape’ character is used to signal that the next character is encoded using a
                     National Language Shift Table


            Locking shift mechanism
                    All the characters are encoded using a National Language Locking Shift Table


      In both cases, the language being used is indicated by an identifier added in
       the message payload



24 September, 2009                                                          Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                           INDIA


             CEWiT Proposal
      Indian language tables developed
            Based on the 3GPP templates for 7-bit locking and single shift tables
            Using the character sets for Indic languages defined by Unicode Consortium


      Tables for 10 languages/scripts have been defined
            Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu,
             and Urdu
            As the same script is sometimes used by more than one language, the 10
             tables can support all the 22 official languages of India
            In addition to Indic characters, each table also includes the English alphabet
             and the numbers 0-9 plus special characters (punctuation marks etc)




24 September, 2009                                                Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                   INDIA


             Key Benefits of New Encoding Scheme
      An SMS written in any of the 22 official Indian languages can have up
       to 154 characters
            Nearly as many as in an English SMS!


      English words can be included in the message without extra overhead


      Transliteration from one language to another is very simple


      Compatibility with Unicode character sets for Indian languages


      Possibility to augment the character sets using free spaces available in
       the single shift tables

24 September, 2009                                        Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                          INDIA


             Standardisation Process
      CEWiT submitted a Change Request (CR) to 3GPP Core Networks and
       Terminals Working Group 1 (CT1) in Feb 2009
            Due to concerns regarding impact on legacy devices, no decision was taken
             to allow further discussion


      The matter was referred to the Systems and Architecture Working
       Group 1 (SA1) and was discussed during its meeting in May 2009
            SA1 concurred with our view that the proposal does not violate guidelines
             regarding National Language tables


      The CR was discussed again at a CT1 meeting in June 09 and the
       proposal was accepted
            The final approval was given by the CT plenary last week
            Indian language tables will be included in the next revision of TS 23.038

24 September, 2009                                               Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                 INDIA


           Example
      Scenario: A handset that supports the new encoding scheme sends an
       Indic language SMS to a legacy device




       Handset that supports
          new encoding


       Outcome: The output on legacy handset is mostly gibberish except for
        English words in the original message

24 September, 2009                                      Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                            INDIA


             Support for Legacy Devices
      Existing handsets will not be able to decode messages encoded using
       the new 7-bit tables
            Solution(s) for ensuring backward compatibility are needed
      Message encoded in 7-bit at the sending side can either be converted to
       UCS-2 encoding or transformed into a picture


      Terminal-based solution
            User application
            SIM application


      Network-based solution
            Conversion in network based either on prior knowledge of terminal
             capabilities or in response to a trigger from the receiving device/user
24 September, 2009                                                 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                               INDIA


             Keypad Layout
      Having an efficient encoding scheme for is not enough
            The user interface is also of critical importance


      Unlike the English keypad which has been standardised by ITU/ETSI, no similar
       effort has been done for Indian keypad layouts
            Each handset vendor has designed its own layouts


      Current Indian language keypads show variation in
            Number of characters on each key
            Choice of characters placed on different keys
            Position of characters on a specific key
            Height and width of characters displayed on the keypad


      Some form of harmonisation of keypad layouts is needed


24 September, 2009                                                    Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                         INDIA


             Regulatory Aspects
      The standard only defines a method for representing Indian language
       characters in short messages using 7-bit codes


            Handset vendors may or may not choose to implement it


            A vendor may decide to support only a subset of the Indian languages for
             which 7-bit tables have been defined


      Regulatory intervention is required to mandate the support for 7-bit
       Encoding and other necessary features required for Indic SMS




24 September, 2009                                              Mobile VAS Summit 2009
CEWiT
                                                                                                INDIA


             Next Steps
      Build a national consensus on how to leverage this opportunity and
       maximise its impact for the benefit of all stakeholders
            Mechanisms to handle legacy devices


            Harmonisation of keypad layouts and other user interface features


            Case for regulatory intervention


            Roadmap for implementation and roll-out


      Special Interest Group is being formed to address these issues
            Active participation of all the stakeholders is crucial
            If you are interested in this SIG, drop me a line at nadeem@cewit.org.in


24 September, 2009                                                     Mobile VAS Summit 2009

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Ce WiT Represented at The Mobile VAS SUMMIT 2009 by Vitue Insight

  • 1. CEWiT INDIA Indic SMS Support in 3GPP Standard Dr. Nadeem Akhtar Centre of Excellence in Wireless Technology Workshop on Indian Language SMS September 23, 2009
  • 2. CEWiT INDIA CEWiT – An Introduction  Government of India (DIT) initiative - started in 2004  A Public-Private Partnership - Academia/Industry/Government  Vision:  Enable India to become a true leader in wireless technology and make it an engine of its economic growth  Mission:  To develop indigenous next generation wireless technologies and products  Actively participate in global wireless research and standardization  Strong emphasis on contributing to 4G standards and developing IPR  The Broadband Wireless Consortium of India (BWCI) was launched in 2007 to provide a national forum for broadband wireless  CEWiT is co-ordinating BWCI activities 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 3. CEWiT INDIA SMS Usage in India  SMS continues to be most popular non-voice service but usage levels are still low compared to other countries SMS Usage (2008) 800 Messages sent per user per month 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 India China Philippines Sources: 1. Philippines & China: Mobile Messaging Futures 2009-2013, Portio Research 2. India: The Indian Telecom Services Performance Indicators October– December 2008, TRAI 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 4. CEWiT INDIA Explaining the Gap  One of the contributing factors towards high SMS usage in Philippines and China is pricing  In Philippines, SMS started as a free service!  Voice calls are cheaper in India but SMS pricing levels are relatively higher  Another important factor is the use of standards-based solutions for local language SMS  Both countries have lower English-literacy levels compared to India which means that local language SMS is used heavily  In Philippines, local languages use Roman script, so 7-bit default GSM alphabet can be used  The inherent efficiency of Chinese language mitigates the inefficiency of 2- byte UCS-2 encoding 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 5. CEWiT INDIA Reach of Indian Languages  In urban India, only 37% of the literate population knows English; the number drops to 17% in rural areas  10 out of top 30 most-widely used languages worldwide are Indian  8 out of top 50 best-selling newspapers in the world are published in an Indian language  Compared to only 3 English language papers from India in the list  Despite these impressive statistics, not a single Indian language makes to the list to most-widely used languages in the mobile/Internet world 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 6. CEWiT INDIA Indic SMS: Key Elements Text Entry Encoding Decoding Display Transmission Sender Receiver 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 7. CEWiT INDIA SMS in Indian Languages  Current Scenario  SMS in several Indic languages is currently supported by operators  Based on proprietary picture-messaging based solutions since UCS-2 is inefficient and/or not supported  Picture-enabled handsets needed to display SMS  Handsets with Indian language keypads are available  Variation in keypad layouts across vendors/devices  Lack of memory-efficient display solutions  CEWiT has worked extensively on the encoding issue over the last 18 months 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 8. CEWiT INDIA Encoding Schemes  GSM Alphabet – Supports languages that use Latin character set  UCS-2 – Supports all major languages of the world  User-defined – Any arbitrary character set can be defined GSM Alphabet (7 bits) 160 characters User-defined (8 bits) 140 characters UCS-2 (16 bits) 70 characters Message Size 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 9. CEWiT INDIA Encoding Indian Languages in UCS-2  Users who want to send an SMS in an Indian language are faced with two disadvantages from the encoding point of view  Complexity of Indic scripts results in relatively high number of characters per word on the average  With UCS-2 encoding, only 70 characters are allowed per message  The net result is that only a a few words can go in a single SMS 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 10. CEWiT INDIA Encoding Requirements  Basic requirement  Standards-based solution with the same level of encoding efficiency as the 7-bit GSM alphabet  Additional requirements  All 22 official languages must be supported  Support for bi-lingual messaging (Indic + English)  Optional requirement  Enable easy transliteration between Indian languages 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 11. CEWiT INDIA 3GPP Standards  3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) is the premier body when it comes to global mobile telephony standards  Maintains the GSM standards  Defined the 3G-WCDMA standard (now evolved to HSPA)  Currently finalising the specification of Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard; work has already started on LTE-Advanced  Technical specification of various services such as SMS, CBS, USSD etc is also done by 3GPP  3GPP amended the SMS standards in 2008 to accommodate a request from Turkey to support the full Turkish alphabet  Introduced 7-bit ‘National Language’ tables 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 12. CEWiT INDIA Support for National Languages  Two methods have been specified for including National Language characters in a short message  Single shift mechanism  ‘Escape’ character is used to signal that the next character is encoded using a National Language Shift Table  Locking shift mechanism  All the characters are encoded using a National Language Locking Shift Table  In both cases, the language being used is indicated by an identifier added in the message payload 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 13. CEWiT INDIA CEWiT Proposal  Indian language tables developed  Based on the 3GPP templates for 7-bit locking and single shift tables  Using the character sets for Indic languages defined by Unicode Consortium  Tables for 10 languages/scripts have been defined  Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu  As the same script is sometimes used by more than one language, the 10 tables can support all the 22 official languages of India  In addition to Indic characters, each table also includes the English alphabet and the numbers 0-9 plus special characters (punctuation marks etc) 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 14. CEWiT INDIA Key Benefits of New Encoding Scheme  An SMS written in any of the 22 official Indian languages can have up to 154 characters  Nearly as many as in an English SMS!  English words can be included in the message without extra overhead  Transliteration from one language to another is very simple  Compatibility with Unicode character sets for Indian languages  Possibility to augment the character sets using free spaces available in the single shift tables 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 15. CEWiT INDIA Standardisation Process  CEWiT submitted a Change Request (CR) to 3GPP Core Networks and Terminals Working Group 1 (CT1) in Feb 2009  Due to concerns regarding impact on legacy devices, no decision was taken to allow further discussion  The matter was referred to the Systems and Architecture Working Group 1 (SA1) and was discussed during its meeting in May 2009  SA1 concurred with our view that the proposal does not violate guidelines regarding National Language tables  The CR was discussed again at a CT1 meeting in June 09 and the proposal was accepted  The final approval was given by the CT plenary last week  Indian language tables will be included in the next revision of TS 23.038 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 16. CEWiT INDIA Example  Scenario: A handset that supports the new encoding scheme sends an Indic language SMS to a legacy device Handset that supports new encoding  Outcome: The output on legacy handset is mostly gibberish except for English words in the original message 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 17. CEWiT INDIA Support for Legacy Devices  Existing handsets will not be able to decode messages encoded using the new 7-bit tables  Solution(s) for ensuring backward compatibility are needed  Message encoded in 7-bit at the sending side can either be converted to UCS-2 encoding or transformed into a picture  Terminal-based solution  User application  SIM application  Network-based solution  Conversion in network based either on prior knowledge of terminal capabilities or in response to a trigger from the receiving device/user 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 18. CEWiT INDIA Keypad Layout  Having an efficient encoding scheme for is not enough  The user interface is also of critical importance  Unlike the English keypad which has been standardised by ITU/ETSI, no similar effort has been done for Indian keypad layouts  Each handset vendor has designed its own layouts  Current Indian language keypads show variation in  Number of characters on each key  Choice of characters placed on different keys  Position of characters on a specific key  Height and width of characters displayed on the keypad  Some form of harmonisation of keypad layouts is needed 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 19. CEWiT INDIA Regulatory Aspects  The standard only defines a method for representing Indian language characters in short messages using 7-bit codes  Handset vendors may or may not choose to implement it  A vendor may decide to support only a subset of the Indian languages for which 7-bit tables have been defined  Regulatory intervention is required to mandate the support for 7-bit Encoding and other necessary features required for Indic SMS 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009
  • 20. CEWiT INDIA Next Steps  Build a national consensus on how to leverage this opportunity and maximise its impact for the benefit of all stakeholders  Mechanisms to handle legacy devices  Harmonisation of keypad layouts and other user interface features  Case for regulatory intervention  Roadmap for implementation and roll-out  Special Interest Group is being formed to address these issues  Active participation of all the stakeholders is crucial  If you are interested in this SIG, drop me a line at nadeem@cewit.org.in 24 September, 2009 Mobile VAS Summit 2009