Real Name Policy in E-Participation

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Danube University Krems, Centre for E-Governance

This document discusses real name policies for e-participation platforms using Germany's city of Gütersloh's participatory budgeting project as a case study. Gütersloh initially required real names for its first two participatory budgets to limit participation to citizens, facilitate high-quality dialogue, and ensure transparent communication. However, objections were raised that real names could distract from issue-based discussions, violate privacy, and be difficult to implement. Analysis found the negative consequences of real names likely outweighed the benefits, and that moderation and pseudonyms could address problems with anonymity. Gütersloh then decided its third participatory budget would not require real names.

Technology News & Politics

Real Name Policy in E-Participation
The case of Gütersloh‘s second participatory budget

Michelle Ruesch, Oliver Märker
Zebralog GmbH & Co KG
Bonn / Berlin
ruesch@zebralog.de
maerker@zebralog.de

www.zebralog.de

CeDEM | May 03, 2012

Real Name Policy vs. Anonymity

http://lawblog.legalmatch.com

Zebralog GmbH & Co KG 2012 © 2

Real Name Policy on the WWW - Good or Evil?

+ Self-control argument
- Open participation
argument

Freedom argument
Legal argument

Privacy argument

Online=offline argument
Practicability argument

Zebralog GmbH & Co KG 2012 © 3

What about E-Participation?

Social networks Online consultation
platforms
Purpose connecting people / collecting expertise, ideas,
friends opinions of citizens

Input undefined call for expression of opinion
on political topics

Time usually unlimited usually limited
period

Zebralog GmbH & Co KG 2012 © 5

Gütersloh‘s Participatory Budget (PB) 2011/2012

Zebralog GmbH & Co KG 2012 © 6

Gütersloh PB: Registration with Real Names

„Hinweis: Name und Vorname werden
auf Ihrer Profilseite für registrierte
Teilnehmer des Bürgerhaushalts sichtbar
sein.“
[Names will be visible for registered
users.]

„Ihr Geburtsort dient zur Überprüfung, ob
Sie in Gütersloh gemeldet snd, und wird
nicht öffentlich sichtbar.“
[The place of birth is required for the
validity check; it is not visible to others.]

Zebralog GmbH & Co KG 2012 © 7

Gütersloh PB: The Rationale for Real Name
Policy

Limiting participation to citizens of Gütersloh (enhancing
1 representativeness and legitimacy)

Facilitation of high-quality dialogue,
2 prevention of offensive communication

Ensuring transparent communication (strengthening
3 democracy)

Zebralog GmbH & Co KG 2012 © 8

Gütersloh PB: Objections against Real Name
Policy
1 Distraction from issue-related dialogue, lower quality of discourse

2 Violation of citizens‘ right to privacy

3 Time and cost-intensive implementation

4 Negative media attention, negative public perception

5 Usability problems may lead to decline in participation

Zebralog GmbH & Co KG 2012 © 9

Real Name Policy as Obstacle to Participation

Verified
real name

Real name

Pseudonym

No name

No Voluntary Compulsory Verifed
personal data personal data personal data personal data
Zebralog GmbH & Co KG 2012 © 10

Conclusion

 Evidence that negative consequences of real name policy outweigh
positive ones
 Use of moderation and pseudonyms can account for some problems
associated with anonymity
 Observations are only preliminary - more research is needed!
 Gütersloh will have a 3rd participatory budget – without real names!

THANK YOU!
Zebralog GmbH & Co KG 2012 © 11

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Real Name Policy in E-Participation

1. Real Name Policy in E-Participation The case of Gütersloh‘s second participatory budget Michelle Ruesch, Oliver Märker Zebralog GmbH & Co KG Bonn / Berlin ruesch@zebralog.de maerker@zebralog.de www.zebralog.de CeDEM | May 03, 2012

3. Real Name Policy on the WWW - Good or Evil? + Self-control argument - Open participation argument Freedom argument Legal argument Privacy argument Online=offline argument Practicability argument Zebralog GmbH & Co KG 2012 © 3

4. What about E-Participation? Social networks Online consultation platforms Purpose connecting people / collecting expertise, ideas, friends opinions of citizens Input undefined call for expression of opinion on political topics Time usually unlimited usually limited period Zebralog GmbH & Co KG 2012 © 5

6. Gütersloh PB: Registration with Real Names „Hinweis: Name und Vorname werden auf Ihrer Profilseite für registrierte Teilnehmer des Bürgerhaushalts sichtbar sein.“ [Names will be visible for registered users.] „Ihr Geburtsort dient zur Überprüfung, ob Sie in Gütersloh gemeldet snd, und wird nicht öffentlich sichtbar.“ [The place of birth is required for the validity check; it is not visible to others.] Zebralog GmbH & Co KG 2012 © 7

7. Gütersloh PB: The Rationale for Real Name Policy Limiting participation to citizens of Gütersloh (enhancing 1 representativeness and legitimacy) Facilitation of high-quality dialogue, 2 prevention of offensive communication Ensuring transparent communication (strengthening 3 democracy) Zebralog GmbH & Co KG 2012 © 8

8. Gütersloh PB: Objections against Real Name Policy 1 Distraction from issue-related dialogue, lower quality of discourse 2 Violation of citizens‘ right to privacy 3 Time and cost-intensive implementation 4 Negative media attention, negative public perception 5 Usability problems may lead to decline in participation Zebralog GmbH & Co KG 2012 © 9

9. Real Name Policy as Obstacle to Participation Verified real name Real name Pseudonym No name No Voluntary Compulsory Verifed personal data personal data personal data personal data Zebralog GmbH & Co KG 2012 © 10

10. Conclusion  Evidence that negative consequences of real name policy outweigh positive ones  Use of moderation and pseudonyms can account for some problems associated with anonymity  Observations are only preliminary - more research is needed!  Gütersloh will have a 3rd participatory budget – without real names! THANK YOU! Zebralog GmbH & Co KG 2012 © 11

Real Name Policy in E-Participation

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