CCTV stands for closed-circuit television. It consists of DVRs, cameras, monitors and other components. There are different types of CCTV cameras such as dome, bullet, C-mount, PTZ, day/night, infrared, network, wireless and high definition cameras. Each type has its own benefits for surveillance purposes. Common CCTV problems include power/connection issues, incorrect login credentials, IP conflicts and outdated firmware. These issues can often be addressed by verifying connections and settings, updating firmware, rebooting equipment and checking for loose or damaged cabling. Calling technical support is recommended if the problem cannot be resolved.

1. CCTV

2. CCTV stands for closed-circuit television

3. Component of a CCTV

4. DVR – Digital Video Recorder
A digital video recorder is an electronic device that records video in a
digital format to a disk drive, USB flash drive, SD memory card, SSD or
other local or networked mass storage device.

7. CCTV Camera
• A closed-circuit television camera can produce images or recordings
for surveillance or other private purposes. Cameras can be either
video cameras, or digital stills cameras. Walter Bruch was the inventor
of the CCTV camera. The main purpose of a CCTV camera is to capture
light and convert it into a video signal
• Camera supply by 12volts dc

8. Type of CCTV camera

9. Dome CCTV camera
- gets its name from the dome-shaped casing that the camera sits in. Whilst
these are relatively discreet CCTV cameras in appearance, this doesn’t stop
them from deterring criminals. This is because the dome casing makes it
really difficult for people to see which direction the camera is pointing. This
creates an air of uncertainty for potential thieves or vandals approaching
from all directions.
Main benefits
• Unobtrusive design means it’s easy to fit
• Suitable for indoor and outdoor use
• Vandal resistant dome means it is harder to interfere with the camera
• 360-degree rotation of the camera so you can cover all angles

10. Bullet CCTV Camera
• Bullet CCTV cameras have an iconic design that is highly visible. They
are cylindrical in shape and are capable of observing long distances.
Bullet cameras are most commonly placed outdoors so their casings
are made resistant to water, dust and dirt.
Main benefits
• Highly visible so acts as a deterrent
• Resistant to dirt in challenging environments
• Provides surveillance over long distances
• Casing also protects against glare and rain

11. C-Mount CCTV Camera
• C-Mount CCTV cameras are the ideal option for those who
may wish to adapt the field of vision. They are equipped
with detachable lenses that can be switched around to
monitor varying distances. C-Mount cameras are typically
bulky so, like bullet cameras, act as a visible deterrent to
criminal activity.
Main benefits
• Special lenses can be fitted to the camera to extend its range
beyond 40 feet
• Highly visible appearance that deters criminals
• Rugged camera casing can be added to protect the camera
in cold environments
• Weatherproof housing makes it ideal for outdoor use

12. PTZ Pan Tilt & Zoom Camera
• With a PTZ (Pan Tilt & Zoom) camera, your security team can have
complete control on what is recorded. At the touch of a button, the
camera lens can pan left and right, tilt up and down or zoom in and
out. It’s the ideal choice if you have a security guard who is
monitoring a live video feed on site.
Main benefits
• Optical zoom on these cameras means you can focus closely in on
subjects
• Pan and tilt feature provides 360 degree field of vision
• Image resolution is usually impeccable so facial features can be
distinguished
• Security team have full control of recording and can react to live
situations

13. Day/Night CCTV Camera
• These cameras have been built specifically to operate
effectively, regardless of how well lit their environment is.
During both daytime and night-time, they will record clear
video images that will not be obscured by differing light
conditions. This is achieved through their extra sensitive
imaging chips.
Main benefits
• Clear recording in low light
• They usually record in both colour and black and white
• Can function despite glare, direct sunlight, reflections and
poor lighting
• Casing protects the camera against the elements for outside
surveillance

14. Infrared/Night Vision CCTV Camera
• As the name suggests, these cameras are designed to operate
optimally in pitch black conditions. They achieve this by using
infrared technology. Infrared models are more expensive than
day/night cameras and those opting for this option usually do so
because night recording is vital to the security of their business.
Main benefits
• Infrared LEDs allow clear recording even in pitch black
environments
• An infrared cut filter activates in the daytime for clear images in
lighter conditions
• Can capture images even in the presence of fog, dust or smoke
• Records colour imagery in the daytime and black and white at
night

15. Network/IP CCTV Camera
• These cameras share live footage across the internet so images
can be easily accessed from anywhere on the globe. The
bandwidth of the video is compressed, in order to make the
• online feed reliable. Archive footage is stored on network
video recorders (NVRs) or on secure software for later access.
Main benefits
• Footage can be viewed online from anywhere in the world
• Easily accessible archive footage
• Easy setup as co axial cables and a computer station are not
required
• Low maintenance

16. Wireless CCTV Camera
• Wireless CCTV cameras were created to minimise installation
time. They also make the appearance of the camera much
tidier, which may be an important factor for locations such as
churches, museums or stately homes.
Main benefits
• Easier to install than your average CCTV system
• Discreet and tidy appearance and a less obtrusive fitting
• Images transmitted over internet so can be viewed anywhere
• Secure storage and easy access of archive footage

17. High Definition (HD) CCTV Camera
• HD CCTV cameras offer an unrivalled picture quality that
delivers high clarity images. Depending on your budget,
they can deliver resolutions of 720p, all the way up to 4K.
Therefore, there’s no danger that the subject of recordings
will ever appear grainy or distorted.
Main benefits
• High definition pictures capture subjects in perfect clarity
• Extra clarity can also be achieved with zoom function
• Available on most CCTV models such as domes and bullets
• Crystal clear imagery provides undeniable criminal
identification

18. CCTV Power Supply Box
• CCTV power supply box, also known as a power distribution box,
allows surveillance system installers to easily manage the power to
multiple CCTV cameras at a central point (usually at the location of
the DVR)

19. CCTV Monitor
a display device that is usually connected to a feed from a surveillance
video recording device. Systems can be “future proofed” to a certain
extent by using a monitor with multiple inputs.

20. Mouse
The mouse is a hand-held device that transmits your commands to
the computer by controlling the movement of the cursor/pointer on
the computer screen.

23. 10 Common CCTV Problems and How to Fix
Them
1. Verify camera power and connection
• Sometimes a problem can be as simple as a disconnected lead and it might even be that the network is currently down. Internet protocol (IP) cameras
generally have LED indicators that are used for transmitting data across to the network but this might be hidden inside the camera.
• If the LEDs on the camera are not lighting up, you should check to see if the camera is powered externally (plugged into the wall). Should your camera
be powered via electricity and not battery, you will want to check that the camera is receiving the appropriate wattage as a complicated camera such
as a pan-tilt-zoom, will require more watts that a normal plug will supply.
2. Discover and ping camera
• Find out your camera’s IP address by checking the camera’s directory. Once you find your address you will be able to ‘ping’ it using your laptop or
smartphone to test the strength of the connection.
• Type ‘cmd’ into windows search engine and this should open a DOS command prompt. When this pops up, you will be asked to type in ‘ping’ and your
IP address.
• You may see either ‘Request Time Out’ or ‘Destination Host Unreachable’ appear on the screen. If it does, check to see if the device you are using is
on the same network as your camera. If you do see the camera on the network, attempt to connect using your browser.
3. Know username / password
• If you can ping the camera but find yourself unable to connect then it’s possible that you have typed in the wrong login or password. If this is the
cause, you will want to refer to the manual.
4. Check ARP tables
• Check Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) tables, usually located on the outside of the camera. It is possible to cross reference MAC and IP addresses
using the ARP.

24. 5. Confirm no IP conflict
• If you have more than one camera you need to make sure that they have different IP addresses as this can stop you from accessing
one or all cameras.
6. Upgrade firmware
• See to it that your camera is up to date. You can do this by connecting to VMS and accessing the camera’s web page.
7. Reboot camera
• Sometimes it’s the first thing we do – turn the system off for 10-20 seconds and input your settings again.
8. Check cabling
• Make sure that the cables are straight and firmly intact, because if there are knots or loose cables this could be the root of your
problem.
9. Factory reset camera
• This can be a drastic thing to do as you can lose all of your history but this process will help to troubleshoot any issues. A factory
reset can be done simply by pushing a paperclip into the pinhole reset button located at the back.
10. Call manufacturer or remote monitoring provider for support
• If you’re ever unsure, seek help from an expert who can help you every step of the way.
• Take confidence in our team here at Caught On Camera – we’re here to provide you with experience, simple instruction and a
helpful, friendly service.